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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
 	 	 	
þ	 	Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	
 	 	for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010	

o	 	Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	
Commission file number 1-11848
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 	 	 	
Missouri	 	43-1627032	
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)	 	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)	

1370 Timberlake Manor Parkway, Chesterfield, Missouri	 	63017	
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	(Zip Code)	
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (636) 736-7000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 	 	 	
Title of each class	 	Name of each exchange on which registered	
Common Stock, par value $0.01
Trust Preferred Income Equity Redeemable
Securities (PIERS  sm ) Units	 	New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange	
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No  o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No  þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  þ  No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ  No  o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Large accelerated filer þ	 	Accelerated filer o	 	Non-accelerated filer o	 	Smaller reporting company o	
 	 	 	 	(Do not check if a Smaller reporting company)	 	 	
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company. Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of the stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the common stock on June 30, 2010, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange was approximately $3.3 billion.
As of January 31, 2011, 73,379,726 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

 

Table of Contents
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain portions of the Definitive Proxy Statement in connection with the 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (“the Proxy Statement”) which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the Registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2010, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K.
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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Item	 	Page	 	 	
PART I	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
1 Business	 	 	4	 	 	
1A Risk Factors	 	 	16	 	 	
1B Unresolved Staff Comments	 	 	28	 	 	
2 Properties	 	 	29	 	 	
3 Legal Proceedings	 	 	29	 	 	
4 [Removed and Reserved]	 	 	29	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
PART II	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
5 Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholders Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	 	 	29	 	 	
6 Selected Financial Data	 	 	30	 	 	
7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	 	 	32	 	 	
7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	 	 	79	 	 	
8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	 	 	79	 	 	
9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	 	 	142	 	 	
9A Controls and Procedures	 	 	142	 	 	
9B Other Information	 	 	144	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
PART III	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
10 Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance	 	 	144	 	 	
11 Executive Compensation	 	 	145	 	 	
12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	 	 	145	 	 	
13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	 	 	145	 	 	
14 Principal Accountant Fees and Services	 	 	146	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
PART IV	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
15 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	 	 	146	 	 	
 EX-10.23	
 EX-12.1	
 EX-21.1	
 EX-23.1	
 EX-24.1	
 EX-31.1	
 EX-31.2	
 EX-32.1	
 EX-32.2	
 EX-101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT	
 EX-101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT	
 EX-101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT	
 EX-101 LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT	
 EX-101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT	
 EX-101 DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT	
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Item 1.BUSINESS
A. Overview
     Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated (“RGA”) is an insurance holding company that was formed on December 31, 1992. The consolidated financial statements herein include the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of RGA, RGA Reinsurance Company (“RGA Reinsurance”), Reinsurance Company of Missouri, Incorporated (“RCM”), RGA Reinsurance Company (Barbados) Ltd. (“RGA Barbados”), RGA Americas Reinsurance Company, Ltd. (“RGA Americas”), RGA Life Reinsurance Company of Canada (“RGA Canada”), RGA Reinsurance Company of Australia, Limited (“RGA Australia”), RGA Reinsurance UK Limited (“RGA UK”) and RGA Atlantic Reinsurance Company, Ltd. (“RGA Atlantic”) as well as several other subsidiaries subject to an ownership position of greater than fifty percent (collectively, the “Company”).
     The Company is primarily engaged in traditional life and health for individual and group coverages, annuity, critical illness and financial reinsurance. RGA and its predecessor, the Reinsurance Division of General American, a Missouri life insurance company, have been engaged in the business of life reinsurance since 1973. The Company’s operations in the U.S. and Canada contributed approximately 69.0% of its consolidated net premiums during 2010. In 1994, the Company began expanding into international markets and now has subsidiaries, branch operations, or representative offices in Australia, Barbados, Bermuda, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan and the United Kingdom (“UK”). RGA is considered one of the leading life reinsurers in the world based on premiums and the amount of life reinsurance in force. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had approximately $2.5 trillion of life reinsurance in force and $29.1 billion in consolidated assets.
     Reinsurance is an arrangement under which an insurance company, the “reinsurer,” agrees to indemnify another insurance company, the “ceding company,” for all or a portion of the insurance risks underwritten by the ceding company. Reinsurance is designed to (i) reduce the net liability on individual risks, thereby enabling the ceding company to increase the volume of business it can underwrite, as well as increase the maximum risk it can underwrite on a single life or risk; (ii) stabilize operating results by leveling fluctuations in the ceding company’s loss experience; (iii) assist the ceding company in meeting applicable regulatory requirements; and (iv) enhance the ceding company’s financial strength and surplus position.
     Life reinsurance primarily refers to reinsurance of individual or group-issued term life insurance policies, whole life insurance policies, universal life insurance policies, and joint and last survivor insurance policies. Asset-intensive reinsurance primarily refers to reinsurance of annuities and corporate-owned life insurance. Critical illness reinsurance provides a benefit in the event of the diagnosis of a pre-defined critical illness. Financial reinsurance primarily involves assisting ceding companies in meeting applicable regulatory requirements while enhancing the ceding companies’ financial strength and regulatory surplus position. Financial reinsurance transactions do not qualify as reinsurance under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Due to the low risk nature of financial reinsurance transactions they are reported based on deposit accounting guidelines. Ceding companies typically contract with more than one reinsurance company to reinsure their business.
     Reinsurance may be written on an indemnity or an assumption basis; however, the Company has not entered into any assumption reinsurance contracts. Indemnity reinsurance does not discharge a ceding company from liability to the policyholder. A ceding company is required to pay the full amount of its insurance obligations regardless of whether it is entitled or able to receive payments from its reinsurers. In the case of assumption reinsurance, the ceding company is discharged from liability to the policyholder, with such liability passed directly to the reinsurer. Reinsurers also may purchase reinsurance, known as retrocession reinsurance, to cover their risk exposure. Reinsurance companies enter into retrocession agreements for reasons similar to those that drive primary insurers to purchase reinsurance.
     Reinsurance generally is written on a facultative or automatic treaty basis. Facultative reinsurance is individually underwritten by the reinsurer for each policy to be reinsured, with the pricing and other terms established at the time the policy is underwritten based upon rates negotiated in advance. Facultative reinsurance normally is purchased by insurance companies for medically impaired lives, unusual risks, or liabilities in excess of the binding limits specified in their automatic reinsurance treaties.
     An automatic reinsurance treaty provides that the ceding company will cede risks to a reinsurer on specified blocks of policies where the underlying policies meet the ceding company’s underwriting criteria. In contrast to facultative reinsurance, the reinsurer does not approve each individual policy being reinsured. Automatic reinsurance treaties generally provide that the reinsurer will be liable for a portion of the risk associated with the specified policies written by the ceding company. Automatic reinsurance treaties specify the ceding company’s binding limit, which is the maximum amount of risk on a given life that can be ceded automatically and that the reinsurer must accept. The binding limit may be stated either as a multiple of the ceding company’s retention or as a stated dollar amount.
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     Facultative and automatic reinsurance may be written as yearly renewable term, coinsurance, or modified coinsurance. Under a yearly renewable term treaty, the reinsurer assumes only the mortality or morbidity risk. Under a coinsurance arrangement, depending upon the terms of the contract, the reinsurer may share in the risk of loss due to mortality or morbidity, lapses, and the investment risk, if any, inherent in the underlying policy. Modified coinsurance and coinsurance with funds withheld differs from coinsurance in that the assets supporting the reserves are retained by the ceding company while the risk is transferred to the reinsurer.
     Generally, the amount of life reinsurance ceded under facultative and automatic reinsurance agreements is stated on an excess or a quota share basis. Reinsurance on an excess basis covers amounts in excess of an agreed-upon retention limit. Retention limits vary by ceding company and also may vary by age and underwriting classification of the insured, product, and other factors. Under quota share reinsurance, the ceding company states its retention in terms of a fixed percentage of the risk that will be retained, with the remainder up to the maximum binding limit to be ceded to one or more reinsurers.
     Reinsurance agreements, whether facultative or automatic, may provide for recapture rights, which permit the ceding company to reassume all or a portion of the risk formerly ceded to the reinsurer after an agreed-upon period of time (generally 10 years) or in some cases due to changes in the financial condition or ratings of the reinsurer. Recapture of business previously ceded does not affect premiums ceded prior to the recapture of such business, but would reduce premiums in subsequent periods. The potential adverse effects of recapture rights are mitigated by the following factors: (i) recapture rights vary by treaty and the risk of recapture is a factor that is considered when pricing a reinsurance agreement; (ii) ceding companies generally may exercise their recapture rights only to the extent they have increased their retention limits for the reinsured policies; and (iii) ceding companies generally must recapture all of the policies eligible for recapture under the agreement in a particular year if any are recaptured, which prevents a ceding company from recapturing only the most profitable policies. In addition, when a ceding company increases its retention and recaptures reinsured policies, the reinsurer releases the reserves it maintained to support the recaptured portion of the policies.
     Reinsurers may place assets in trust to satisfy collateral requirements for certain treaties. As of December 31, 2010, the Company held securities in trust for this purpose with amortized costs of $1,419.3 million and $1,851.1 million for the benefit of certain subsidiaries and third-party reinsurance treaties, respectively. Under certain conditions, RGA may be obligated to move reinsurance from one RGA subsidiary to another RGA subsidiary or make payments under a given treaty. These conditions include change in control or ratings of the subsidiary, insolvency, nonperformance under a treaty, or loss of the reinsurance license of such subsidiary. If RGA is ever required to perform under these obligations, the risk to the consolidated company under the reinsurance treaties would not change; however, additional capital may be required due to the change in jurisdiction of the subsidiary reinsuring the business and may create a strain on liquidity.
     During 2006, RGA’s subsidiary, Timberlake Financial, L.L.C. (“Timberlake Financial”), issued $850.0 million of Series A Floating Rate Insured Notes due June 2036 in a private placement. The notes were issued to fund the collateral requirements for statutory reserves required by the U.S. Valuation of Life Policies Model Regulation (commonly referred to as Regulation XXX) on specified term life insurance policies reinsured by RGA Reinsurance. Proceeds from the notes and the Company’s direct investment in Timberlake Financial were deposited into a series of trust accounts as collateral and are not available to satisfy the general obligations of the Company. As of December 31, 2010, the Company held assets in trust and in custody of $885.3 million for this purpose, which is not included above. See Note 16 — “Collateral Finance Facility” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Timberlake Financial notes.
     Some treaties give the ceding company the right to force the reinsurer to place assets in trust for the ceding company’s benefit to provide collateral for statutory reserve credits taken by the ceding company, in the event of a downgrade of the reinsurer’s ratings to specified levels, generally non-investment grade levels, or if minimum levels of financial condition are not maintained. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had approximately $1,138.5 million in statutory reserves associated with these types of treaties. Assets placed in trust continue to be owned by the Company, but their use is restricted based on the terms of the trust agreement.
B. Corporate Structure
     RGA is an insurance holding company, the principal assets of which consist of the common stock of RCM, RGA Barbados, RGA Americas, RGA Canada, RGA UK and RGA Atlantic as well as investments in several other wholly-owned subsidiaries. Potential sources of funds for RGA to make stockholder dividend distributions and to fund debt service obligations are dividends paid to RGA by its operating subsidiaries, securities maintained in its investment portfolio, and proceeds from securities offerings and borrowings. RCM’s primary sources of funds are dividend distributions paid by RGA Reinsurance Company, whose principal source of funds is derived from current operations. Dividends paid by the Company’s reinsurance subsidiaries are subject to regulatory restrictions of the respective governing bodies where each reinsurance subsidiary is domiciled.
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     The Company has five geographic-based operational segments: U.S., Canada, Europe & South Africa, Asia Pacific and Corporate and Other. These operating segments write reinsurance business that is wholly or partially retained in one or more of the Company’s reinsurance subsidiaries. See “Segments” for more information concerning the Company’s operating segments.
Intercorporate Relationships
     On September 12, 2008 (“the Divestiture Date”), the Company’s majority shareholder, General American Life Insurance Company (“General American”), disposed of its majority ownership in the Company. General American is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetLife, Inc. (“MetLife”), a New York-based insurance and financial services holding company. Prior to the Divestiture Date, General American and MetLife provided certain administrative services to RGA and RGA Reinsurance. Such services included risk management and corporate travel. The cost of these services for the year ended December 31, 2008 was approximately $1.8 million (through the Divestiture Date), included in other expenses. Management does not believe that the various amounts charged for these services would have been materially different if they had been incurred from an unrelated third party.
     RGA Reinsurance also has a product license and service agreement with MetLife. Under this agreement, RGA has licensed the use of its electronic underwriting product to MetLife and provides internet hosting services, installation and modification services for the product. The Company recorded revenue under the agreement for the year ended December 31, 2008 of approximately $0.6 million (through the Divestiture Date).
     The Company also had arms-length direct policies and reinsurance agreements with MetLife and certain of its subsidiaries. These direct policies and reinsurance agreements with MetLife and certain of its subsidiaries continue to be in place after the Divestiture Date. The Company reflected net premiums from these agreements of approximately $163.5 million (through the Divestiture Date) in 2008. The premiums reflect the net of business assumed from and ceded to MetLife and its subsidiaries. The pre-tax income, excluding investment income allocated to support the business, was approximately $15.8 million (through the Divestiture Date) in 2008.
Ratings
     Insurer financial strength ratings, sometimes referred to as claims paying ratings, represent the opinions of rating agencies regarding the financial ability of an insurance company to meet its obligations under an insurance policy. The Company’s insurer financial strength ratings as of the date of this filing are listed in the table below for each rating agency that meets with the Company’s management on a regular basis:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	Moody’s	 	 	
 	 	A.M. Best	 	Investors	 	Standard &	
Insurer Financial Strength Ratings	 	Company (1)	 	Service (2)	 	Poor’s (3)	
RGA Reinsurance Company	 	A+	 	A1	 	AA-	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
RGA Life Reinsurance Company of Canada	 	A+	 	Not Rated	 	AA-	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
RGA International Reinsurance Company	 	Not Rated	 	Not Rated	 	AA-	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
RGA Global Reinsurance Company	 	Not Rated	 	Not Rated	 	AA-	
 
(1)	 	An A.M. Best Company (“A.M. Best”) insurer financial strength rating of “A+ (superior)” is the second highest out of fifteen possible ratings and is assigned to companies that have, in A.M. Best’s opinion, a superior ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders. Financial strength ratings range from “A++ (superior)” to “F (in liquidation)”.	
 	 	 	
(2)	 	A Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) insurer financial strength rating of “A1” (good) is the fifth highest rating out of twenty-one possible ratings and indicates that Moody’s believes the insurance company offers good financial security; however, elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.	
 	 	 	
(3)	 	A Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) insurer financial strength rating of “AA-” (very strong) is the fourth highest rating out of twenty-one possible ratings. According to S&P’s rating scale, a rating of “AA-” means that, in S&P’s opinion, the insurer has very strong financial security characteristics.	
     The ability to write reinsurance partially depends on an insurer’s financial condition and its financial strength ratings. These ratings are based on an insurance company’s ability to pay policyholder obligations and are not directed toward the protection of investors
     A ratings downgrade could adversely affect the Company’s ability to compete. See Item 1A — “Risk Factors” for more on the potential effects of a ratings downgrade.
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Regulation
     RGA Reinsurance, Parkway Reinsurance Company (“Parkway Re”) and RCM; Timberlake Reinsurance Company II (“Timberlake Re”); RGA Canada; RGA Barbados, RGA Americas, Manor Reinsurance, Ltd. (“Manor Re”), RGA Atlantic and RGA Worldwide Reinsurance Company, Ltd. (“RGA Worldwide”); RGA Global Reinsurance Company, Ltd. (“RGA Global”); RGA Australia; RGA International Reinsurance Company (“RGA International”); RGA Reinsurance Company of South Africa, Limited (“RGA South Africa”); and RGA UK are regulated by authorities in Missouri, South Carolina, Canada, Barbados, Bermuda, Australia, Ireland, South Africa, and the United Kingdom, respectively. RGA Reinsurance, RGA Global and RGA International are also subject to regulations in the other jurisdictions in which they are licensed or authorized to do business. Insurance laws and regulations, among other things, establish minimum capital requirements and limit the amount of dividends, distributions, and intercompany payments affiliates can make without prior regulatory approval. Additionally, insurance laws and regulations impose restrictions on the amounts and type of investments that insurance companies may hold. In addition, new standards to be imposed upon European insurers, Bermuda insurers, Canadian insurers and U.S. insurers by Solvency II, revisions to the insurance laws of Bermuda, changes in Canada and revisions to the insurance holding company laws in the U.S. could, in the near future, affect RGA UK, RGA International, RGA Global, RGA Canada, and RGA Reinsurance, and the clients of each to varying degrees.
     General
     The insurance laws and regulations, as well as the level of supervisory authority that may be exercised by the various insurance departments, vary by jurisdiction, but generally grant broad powers to supervisory agencies or regulators to examine and supervise insurance companies and insurance holding companies with respect to every significant aspect of the conduct of the insurance business, including approval or modification of contractual arrangements. These laws and regulations generally require insurance companies to meet certain solvency standards and asset tests, to maintain minimum standards of business conduct, and to file certain reports with regulatory authorities, including information concerning their capital structure, ownership, and financial condition; and subject insurers to potential assessments for amounts paid by guarantee funds. RGA Reinsurance and RCM are subject to the state of Missouri’s adoption of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) Model Audit Rule which requires an insurer to have an annual audit by an independent certified public accountant, provide an annual management report of internal control over financial reporting, file the resulting reports with the Director of Insurance and maintain an audit committee. Moreover, new model insurance holding company standards promulgated by the NAIC during 2010 will likely be adopted by the state of Missouri in 2012 to require greater disclosure to regulators of matters within the RGA group of companies. In addition, more regulation is expected to be introduced during 2011 in light of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
     The Company’s reinsurance subsidiaries are required to file statutory financial statements in each jurisdiction in which they are licensed and may be subject to periodic examinations by the insurance regulators of the jurisdictions in which each is licensed, authorized, or accredited. To date, none of the regulator’s reports related to the Company’s periodic examinations have contained material adverse findings.
     Although some of the rates and policy terms of U.S. direct insurance agreements are regulated by state insurance departments, the rates, policy terms, and conditions of reinsurance agreements generally are not subject to regulation by any regulatory authority. The same is true outside of the U.S. In the U.S., however, the NAIC Model Law on Credit for Reinsurance, which has been adopted in most states, imposes certain requirements for an insurer to take reserve credit for risk ceded to a reinsurer. Generally, the reinsurer is required to be licensed or accredited in the insurer’s state of domicile, or security must be posted for reserves transferred to the reinsurer in the form of letters of credit or assets placed in trust. The NAIC Life and Health Reinsurance Agreements Model Regulation, which has been passed in most states, imposes additional requirements for insurers to claim reserve credit for reinsurance ceded (excluding yearly renewable term reinsurance and non-proportional reinsurance). These requirements include bona fide risk transfer, an insolvency clause, written agreements, and filing of reinsurance agreements involving in force business, among other things. Outside of the U.S., rules for reinsurance and requirements for minimum risk transfer are less specific and are less likely to be published as rules, but nevertheless standards can be imposed to varying extents.
     The Valuation of Life Insurance Policies Model Regulation, commonly referred to as Regulation XXX, was implemented in the U.S. for various types of life insurance business beginning January 1, 2000. Regulation XXX significantly increased the level of reserves that U.S. life insurance and life reinsurance companies must hold on their statutory financial statements for various types of life insurance business, primarily certain level premium term life products. The reserve levels required under Regulation XXX increase over time and are normally in excess of reserves required under GAAP. In situations where primary insurers have reinsured business to reinsurers that are unlicensed and unaccredited in the U.S., the reinsurer must provide collateral equal to its reinsurance reserves in order for the ceding company to receive statutory financial statement credit. Reinsurers have historically utilized letters of credit for the benefit of the ceding
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company, or have placed assets in trust for the benefit of the ceding company, or have used other structures as the primary forms of collateral. The increasing nature of the statutory reserves under Regulation XXX will likely require increased levels of collateral from reinsurers in the future to the extent the reinsurer remains unlicensed and unaccredited in the U.S.
     In order to manage the effect of Regulation XXX on its statutory financial statements, RGA Reinsurance has retroceded a majority of Regulation XXX reserves to unaffiliated and affiliated unlicensed reinsurers. RGA Reinsurance’s statutory capital may be significantly reduced if the unaffiliated or affiliated reinsurer is unable to provide the required collateral to support RGA Reinsurance’s statutory reserve credits and RGA Reinsurance cannot find an alternative source for the collateral.
     RGA Reinsurance, Parkway Re and RCM prepare statutory financial statements in conformity with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of Missouri. Timberlake Re prepares statutory financial statements in conformity with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of South Carolina. Both states require domestic insurance companies to prepare their statutory financial statements in accordance with the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures manual subject to any deviations prescribed or permitted by each state’s insurance commissioner. The Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries are subject to the regulations and reporting requirements of their respective countries of domicile. In the future, a convergence between U.S. reporting standards and International Financial Reporting Standards is likely to occur, which may affect the presentation of the Company’s financial statements.
     Capital Requirements
     Risk-Based Capital (“RBC”) guidelines promulgated by the NAIC are applicable to RGA Reinsurance and RCM, and identify minimum capital requirements based upon business levels and asset mix. RGA Reinsurance and RCM maintain capital levels in excess of the amounts required by the applicable guidelines. Regulations in international jurisdictions also require certain minimum capital levels, and subject the companies operating there to oversight by the applicable regulatory bodies. The Company’s operations meet the minimum capital requirements in their respective jurisdictions. The Company cannot predict the effect that any proposed or future legislation or rule making in the countries in which it operates may have on the financial condition or operations of the Company or its subsidiaries. The Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries are also subject to the capital requirements imposed in their countries of domicile.
     Insurance Holding Company Regulations
     RGA Reinsurance, RCM and Parkway Re are subject to regulation under the insurance and insurance holding company statutes of Missouri. The Missouri insurance holding company laws and regulations generally require insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries of insurance holding companies to register and file with the Missouri Department of Insurance, Financial Institutions and Professional Registration (“MDI”), certain reports describing, among other information, their capital structure, ownership, financial condition, certain intercompany transactions, and general business operations. The Missouri insurance holding company statutes and regulations also require prior approval of, or in certain circumstances, prior notice to the MDI of certain material intercompany transfers of assets, as well as certain transactions between insurance companies, their parent companies and affiliates.
     Under current Missouri insurance laws and regulations, unless (i) certain filings are made with the MDI, (ii) certain requirements are met, including a public hearing, and (iii) approval or exemption is granted by the Director of the MDI, no person may acquire any voting security or security convertible into a voting security of an insurance holding company, such as RGA, which controls a Missouri insurance company, or merge with such an insurance holding company, if as a result of such transaction such person would “control” the insurance holding company. “Control” is presumed to exist under Missouri law if a person directly or indirectly owns or controls 10% or more of the voting securities of another person. New model insurance holding company standards promulgated by the NAIC during 2010 will likely be adopted by the state of Missouri in 2012 to require greater disclosure to regulators of matters within the RGA group of companies.
     In addition to RGA Reinsurance, RCM and Parkway Re, RGA Canada, RGA UK, RGA International, RGA Global and other insurance subsidiaries of RGA are subject to various regulations in their respective jurisdictions.
     Restrictions on Dividends and Distributions
     Current Missouri law, applicable to RCM, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, RGA Reinsurance, permits the payment of dividends or distributions which, together with dividends or distributions paid during the preceding twelve months, do not exceed the greater of (i) 10% of statutory capital and surplus as of the preceding December 31, or (ii) statutory net gain from operations for the preceding calendar year. Any proposed dividend in excess of this amount is considered an “extraordinary dividend” and may not be paid until it has been approved, or a 30-day waiting period has passed during which it has not been disapproved, by the Director of the MDI. Additionally, dividends may be paid only to the extent the insurer has unassigned surplus (as opposed to contributed surplus). Pursuant to these restrictions, RCM’s and RGA Reinsurance’s allowable
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dividends without prior approval for 2011 are approximately $148.7 million and $152.9 million, respectively. Any dividends paid by RGA Reinsurance would be paid to RCM, which in turn has the ability to pay dividends to RGA. The MDI allows RCM to pay a dividend to RGA to the extent RCM received the dividend from RGA Reinsurance, without limitation related to the level of unassigned surplus. Historically, RGA has not relied upon dividends from its subsidiaries to fund its obligations. However, the regulatory limitations described here could limit the Company’s financial flexibility in the future should it choose to or need to use subsidiary dividends as a funding source for its obligations.
     In contrast to current Missouri law, the NAIC Model Insurance Holding Company Act (the “Model Act”) defines an extraordinary dividend as a dividend or distribution which, together with dividends or distributions paid during the preceding twelve months, exceeds the lesser of (i) 10% of statutory capital and surplus as of the preceding December 31, or (ii) statutory net gain from operations for the preceding calendar year. The Company is unable to predict whether, when, or in what form Missouri will enact a new measure for extraordinary dividends.
     Missouri insurance laws and regulations also require that the statutory surplus of RCM and RGA Reinsurance following any dividend or distribution be reasonable in relation to their outstanding liabilities and adequate to meet their financial needs. The Director of the MDI may call for a rescission of the payment of a dividend or distribution by RGA Reinsurance or RCM that would cause their statutory surplus to be inadequate under the standards of the Missouri insurance regulations.
     Pursuant to the South Carolina Director of Insurance, Timberlake Re may declare dividends after June 15, 2012 subject to a minimum Total Adjusted Capital threshold, as defined by the NAIC’s RBC regulation. Timberlake Re may pay dividends in accordance with any filed request to make such payments if the South Carolina Director of Insurance has approved such request. Dividend payments from other subsidiaries are subject to the regulations in the country of domicile.
     Default or Liquidation
     In the event that RGA defaults on any of its debt or other obligations, or becomes the subject of bankruptcy, liquidation, or reorganization proceedings, the creditors and stockholders of RGA will have no right to proceed against the assets of any of the subsidiaries of RGA. If any of RGA’s reinsurance subsidiaries were to be liquidated or dissolved, the liquidation or dissolution would be conducted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the appropriate governing body in the state or country of the subsidiary’s formation. The creditors of any such reinsurance company, including, without limitation, holders of its reinsurance agreements and state guaranty associations (if applicable), would be entitled to payment in full from such assets before RGA, as a direct or indirect stockholder, would be entitled to receive any distributions or other payments from the remaining assets of the liquidated or dissolved subsidiary.
     Federal Regulation
     With enactment of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act during 2010, discussions will continue in the Congress of the United States concerning the future of the McCarran-Ferguson Act, which exempts the “business of insurance” from most federal laws, including anti-trust laws, to the extent such business is subject to state regulation. Judicial decisions narrowing the definition of what constitutes the “business of insurance” and repeal or modification of the McCarran-Ferguson Act may limit the ability of the Company, and RGA Reinsurance in particular, to share information with respect to matters such as rate setting, underwriting, and claims management. Likewise, discussions continue in the Congress of the United States concerning potential future regulation of insurance and reinsurance at the Federal level. It is not possible to predict the effect of such decisions or changes in the law on the operation of the Company, but it is now more likely than in the past that insurance or reinsurance may be regulated at the Federal level in the U.S. The impact of the U.S. Federal Government’s involvement in insurance or reinsurance regulation may have the effect of allowing foreign competitors to provide reinsurance to U.S. insurers with reduced collateral requirements. This may ultimately lower the cost at which RGA Reinsurance’s competitors are able to provide reinsurance to U.S. insurers.
     Environmental Considerations
     Federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations apply to the Company’s ownership and operation of real property. Inherent in owning and operating real property are the risk of hidden environmental liabilities and the costs of any required clean-up. Under the laws of certain states, contamination of a property may give rise to a lien on the property to secure recovery of the costs of clean-up. In several states, this lien has priority over the lien of an existing mortgage against such property. In addition, in some states and under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”), the Company may be liable, in certain circumstances, as an “owner” or “operator,” for costs of cleaning-up releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances at a property mortgaged to it. The Company also risks environmental liability when it forecloses on a property mortgaged to it, although Federal legislation provides for a safe harbor from CERCLA liability for secured lenders that foreclose and sell the mortgaged real estate, provided that certain
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requirements are met. However, there are circumstances in which actions taken could still expose the Company to CERCLA liability. Application of various other federal and state environmental laws could also result in the imposition of liability on the Company for costs associated with environmental hazards.
     The Company routinely conducts environmental assessments prior to taking title to real estate through foreclosure on real estate collateralizing mortgages that it holds. Although unexpected environmental liabilities can always arise, the Company seeks to minimize this risk by undertaking these environmental assessments and complying with its internal procedures, and as a result, the Company believes that any costs associated with compliance with environmental laws and regulations or any clean-up of properties would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.
Underwriting
     Facultative. The Company has developed underwriting policies, procedures and standards with the objective of controlling the quality of business written as well as its pricing. The Company’s underwriting process emphasizes close collaboration between its underwriting, actuarial, and operations departments. Management periodically updates these underwriting policies, procedures, and standards to account for changing industry conditions, market developments, and changes occurring in the field of medical technology. These policies, procedures, and standards are documented in electronic underwriting manuals made available to all the Company’s underwriters. The Company regularly performs both internal and external reviews of its underwriters and underwriting process.
     The Company’s management determines whether to accept facultative reinsurance business on a prospective insured by reviewing the application, medical information and all underwriting requirements based on age and the face amount of the application. An assessment of medical and financial history follows with decisions based on underwriting knowledge, manual review and consultation with the Company’s medical directors as necessary. Many facultative applications involve individuals with multiple medical impairments, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes, which require a complex underwriting/mortality assessment. To assist its underwriters in making these assessments, the Company employs 13 full-time medical directors as well as 17 medical consultants.
     Automatic. The Company’s management determines whether to write automatic reinsurance business by considering many factors, including the types of risks to be covered; the ceding company’s retention limit and binding authority, product, and pricing assumptions; and the ceding company’s underwriting standards, financial strength and distribution systems. For automatic business, the Company ensures that the underwriting standards, procedures and guidelines of its ceding companies are priced appropriately and consistent with the Company’s expectations. To this end, the Company conducts periodic reviews of the ceding companies’ underwriting and claims personnel and procedures.
Operations
     Generally, the Company’s life business has been obtained directly, rather than through brokers. The Company has an experienced sales and marketing staff that works to provide responsive service and maintain existing relationships.
     The Company’s administration, auditing, valuation and accounting departments are responsible for treaty compliance auditing, financial analysis of results, generation of internal management reports, and periodic audits of administrative practices and records. A significant effort is focused on periodic audits of administrative and underwriting practices, records, and treaty compliance of reinsurance clients.
     The Company’s claims departments review and verify reinsurance claims, obtain the information necessary to evaluate claims, and arrange for timely claims payments. Claims are subjected to a detailed review process to ensure that the risk was properly ceded, the claim complies with the contract provisions, and the ceding company is current in the payment of reinsurance premiums to the Company. In addition, the claims departments monitor both specific claims and the overall claims handling procedures of ceding companies.
Customer Base
     The Company provides reinsurance products primarily to the largest life insurance companies in the world. In 2010, the Company’s five largest clients generated approximately $1,921.5 million or 26.7% of the Company’s gross premiums. In addition, 10 other clients each generated annual gross premiums of $100.0 million or more, and the aggregate gross premiums from these clients represented approximately 23.7% of the Company’s gross premiums. No individual client generated 10% or more of the Company’s total gross premiums. For the purpose of this disclosure, companies that are within the same insurance holding company structure are combined.
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Competition
     Reinsurers compete on the basis of many factors, including financial strength, pricing and other terms and conditions of reinsurance agreements, reputation, service, and experience in the types of business underwritten. The Company’s competition includes other reinsurance companies as well as other providers of financial services. The Company believes that its primary competitors on a global basis are currently the following, or their affiliates: Munich Re, Swiss Re, Hannover Re, SCOR Global Re, Berkshire Hathaway and Aegon. However, within the reinsurance industry, this can change from year to year.
Employees
     As of December 31, 2010, the Company had 1,535 employees located throughout the world. None of these employees are represented by a labor union.
C. Segments
     The Company obtains substantially all of its revenues through reinsurance agreements that cover a portfolio of life insurance products, including term life, credit life, universal life, whole life, group life and health, joint and last survivor insurance, critical illness, as well as annuities and financial reinsurance. Generally, the Company, through various subsidiaries, has provided reinsurance for mortality, morbidity, and lapse risks associated with such products. With respect to asset-intensive products, the Company has also provided reinsurance for investment-related risks.
     The following table sets forth the Company’s premiums attributable to each of its segments for the periods indicated on both a gross assumed basis and net of premiums ceded to third parties:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Gross and Net Premiums by Segment	 	
 	 	(in millions)	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
 	 	Amount	 	 	% of Total	 	 	Amount	 	 	% of Total	 	 	Amount	 	 	% of Total	 	
Gross Premiums:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S.	 	$	3,993.7	 	 	 	55.4	%	 	$	3,513.9	 	 	 	56.3	%	 	$	3,305.2	 	 	 	56.6	%	
Canada	 	 	1,077.8	 	 	 	15.0	 	 	 	882.9	 	 	 	14.1	 	 	 	751.2	 	 	 	12.9	 	
Europe & South Africa	 	 	950.9	 	 	 	13.2	 	 	 	810.9	 	 	 	13.0	 	 	 	747.9	 	 	 	12.8	 	
Asia Pacific	 	 	1,170.7	 	 	 	16.3	 	 	 	1,027.8	 	 	 	16.5	 	 	 	1,027.9	 	 	 	17.6	 	
Corporate and Other	 	 	7.8	 	 	 	0.1	 	 	 	8.7	 	 	 	0.1	 	 	 	6.8	 	 	 	0.1	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	7,200.9	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	6,244.2	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	5,839.0	 	 	 	100.0	%	

Net Premiums:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S.	 	$	3,797.1	 	 	 	57.0	%	 	$	3,320.7	 	 	 	58.0	%	 	$	3,099.6	 	 	 	58.0	%	
Canada	 	 	797.2	 	 	 	12.0	 	 	 	614.9	 	 	 	10.7	 	 	 	534.3	 	 	 	10.0	 	
Europe & South Africa	 	 	918.5	 	 	 	13.8	 	 	 	782.0	 	 	 	13.7	 	 	 	707.8	 	 	 	13.2	 	
Asia Pacific	 	 	1,139.1	 	 	 	17.1	 	 	 	998.9	 	 	 	17.4	 	 	 	1,000.8	 	 	 	18.7	 	
Corporate and Other	 	 	7.8	 	 	 	0.1	 	 	 	8.7	 	 	 	0.2	 	 	 	6.8	 	 	 	0.1	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	6,659.7	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	5,725.2	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	5,349.3	 	 	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The following table sets forth selected information concerning assumed life reinsurance business in force by segment for the periods indicated. The term “in force” refers to insurance policy face amounts or net amounts at risk.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Reinsurance Business In Force by Segment	 	
 	 	(in billions)	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	As of December 31,	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
 	 	Amount	 	 	% of Total	 	 	Amount	 	 	% of Total	 	 	Amount	 	 	% of Total	 	
U.S.	 	$	1,340.5	 	 	 	52.8	%	 	$	1,290.5	 	 	 	55.5	%	 	$	1,274.5	 	 	 	60.5	%	
Canada	 	 	324.1	 	 	 	12.8	 	 	 	276.8	 	 	 	11.9	 	 	 	209.5	 	 	 	9.9	 	
Europe & South Africa	 	 	467.6	 	 	 	18.4	 	 	 	408.9	 	 	 	17.6	 	 	 	325.2	 	 	 	15.4	 	
Asia Pacific	 	 	408.1	 	 	 	16.0	 	 	 	348.9	 	 	 	15.0	 	 	 	298.9	 	 	 	14.2	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	2,540.3	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	2,325.1	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	2,108.1	 	 	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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     Reinsurance business in force reflects the addition or acquisition of new life reinsurance business, offset by terminations (e.g., voluntary surrenders of underlying life insurance policies, lapses of underlying policies, deaths of insureds, and the exercise of recapture options), changes in foreign exchange, and any other changes in the amount of insurance in force. As a result of terminations and other changes, assumed in force amounts at risk of $112.4 billion, $104.0 billion, and $316.8 billion were released in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
     The following table sets forth selected information concerning assumed new business volume by segment for the indicated periods. The term “volume” refers to insurance policy face amounts or net amounts at risk.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	New Business Volume by Segment	 	
 	 	(in billions)	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
 	 	Amount	 	 	% of Total	 	 	Amount	 	 	% of Total	 	 	Amount	 	 	% of Total	 	
U.S.	 	$	142.2	 	 	 	43.4	%	 	$	135.0	 	 	 	42.1	%	 	$	134.4	 	 	 	44.1	%	
Canada	 	 	51.1	 	 	 	15.6	 	 	 	43.9	 	 	 	13.7	 	 	 	51.2	 	 	 	16.8	 	
Europe & South Africa	 	 	103.6	 	 	 	31.6	 	 	 	121.1	 	 	 	37.7	 	 	 	87.5	 	 	 	28.7	 	
Asia Pacific	 	 	30.7	 	 	 	9.4	 	 	 	21.0	 	 	 	6.5	 	 	 	31.9	 	 	 	10.4	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	327.6	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	321.0	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	305.0	 	 	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     Additional information regarding the operations of the Company’s segments and geographic operations is contained in Note 17 — “Segment Information” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
U.S. Operations
     The U.S. operations represented 57.0%, 58.0% and 58.0% of the Company’s net premiums in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The U.S. operations market traditional life and health reinsurance, reinsurance of asset-intensive products and financial reinsurance, primarily to large U.S. life insurance companies.
Traditional Reinsurance
     The U.S. Traditional sub-segment provides life and health reinsurance to domestic clients for a variety of life products through yearly renewable term agreements, coinsurance, and modified coinsurance. This business has been accepted under many different rate scales, with rates often tailored to suit the underlying product and the needs of the ceding company. Premiums typically vary for smokers and non-smokers, males and females, and may include a preferred underwriting class discount. Reinsurance premiums are paid in accordance with the treaty, regardless of the premium mode for the underlying primary insurance. This business is made up of facultative and automatic treaty business. In 2010, the Company acquired Reliastar Life Insurance Company’s group life and health reinsurance business, expanding the U.S. Traditional sub-segment’s products.
     Automatic business, including financial reinsurance treaties, is generated pursuant to treaties which generally require that the underlying policies meet the ceding company’s underwriting criteria, although a number of such policies may be rated substandard. In contrast to facultative reinsurance, reinsurers do not engage in underwriting assessments of each risk assumed through an automatic treaty.
     As the Company does not apply its underwriting standards to each policy ceded to it under automatic treaties, the U.S. operations generally require ceding companies to retain a portion of the business written on an automatic basis, thereby increasing the ceding companies’ incentives to underwrite risks with due care and, when appropriate, to contest claims diligently.
     The U.S. facultative reinsurance operation involves the assessment of the risks inherent in (i) multiple impairments, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes; (ii) cases involving large policy face amounts; and (iii) financial risk cases, i.e., cases involving policies disproportionately large in relation to the financial characteristics of the proposed insured. The U.S. operations’ marketing efforts have focused on developing facultative relationships with client companies because management believes facultative reinsurance represents a substantial segment of the reinsurance activity of many large insurance companies and also serves as an effective means of expanding the U.S. operations’ automatic business. In 2010, 2009 and 2008, approximately 20.6%, 19.3%, and 19.5%, respectively, of the U.S. gross premiums were written on a facultative basis.
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     Only a portion of approved facultative applications ultimately result in reinsurance, as applicants for impaired risk policies often submit applications to several primary insurers, which in turn seek facultative reinsurance from several reinsurers. Ultimately, only one insurance company and one reinsurer are likely to obtain the business. The Company tracks the percentage of declined and placed facultative applications on a client-by-client basis and generally works with clients to seek to maintain such percentages at levels deemed acceptable. As the Company applies its underwriting standards to each application submitted to it facultatively, it generally does not require ceding companies to retain a portion of the underlying risk when business is written on a facultative basis.
     In addition, several of the Company’s U.S. clients have purchased life insurance policies insuring the lives of their executives. These policies have generally been issued to fund deferred compensation plans and have been reinsured with the Company. The Company’s consolidated balance sheets included interest-sensitive contract reserves of $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion, and policy loans of $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, associated with this business.
Asset-Intensive Reinsurance
     Asset-intensive reinsurance primarily concentrates on the investment risk within underlying annuities and corporate-owned life insurance policies. These reinsurance agreements are mostly structured as coinsurance, coinsurance funds withheld, or modified coinsurance of primarily investment risk such that the Company recognizes profits or losses primarily from the spread between the investment earnings and the interest credited on the underlying annuity contract liabilities. Reinsurance of such business was reflected in interest-sensitive contract liabilities of approximately $6.5 billion and $6.3 billion as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
     Annuities are normally limited by the size of the deposit from any single depositor. The Company also reinsures certain variable annuity products that contain guaranteed minimum death or living benefits. Corporate-owned life insurance normally involves a large number of insureds associated with each deposit, and the Company’s underwriting guidelines limit the size of any single deposit. The individual policies associated with any single deposit are typically issued within pre-set guaranteed issue parameters. A significant amount of this business is written on a modified coinsurance or coinsurance with funds withheld basis. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Investments” and Note 4 — “Investments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
     The Company primarily targets highly-rated, financially secure companies as clients for asset-intensive business. These companies may wish to limit their own exposure to certain products. Ongoing asset/liability analysis is required for the management of asset-intensive business. The Company performs this analysis internally, in conjunction with asset/liability analysis performed by the ceding companies.
Financial Reinsurance
     The Company’s U.S. Financial Reinsurance sub-segment assists ceding companies in meeting applicable regulatory requirements while enhancing their financial strength and regulatory surplus position. The Company commits cash or assumes regulatory insurance liabilities from the ceding companies. Generally, such amounts are offset by receivables from ceding companies that are repaid by the future profits from the reinsured block of business. The Company structures its financial reinsurance transactions so that the projected future profits of the underlying reinsured business significantly exceed the amount of regulatory surplus provided to the ceding company.
     The Company primarily targets highly-rated insurance companies for financial reinsurance due to the credit risk associated with this business. A careful analysis is performed before providing any regulatory surplus enhancement to the ceding company. This analysis is intended to ensure that the Company understands the risks of the underlying insurance product and that the transaction has a high likelihood of being repaid through the future profits of the underlying business. If the future profits of the business are not sufficient to repay the Company or if the ceding company becomes financially distressed and is unable to make payments under the treaty, the Company may incur losses. A staff of actuaries and accountants track experience for each treaty on a quarterly basis in comparison to expected models. This sub-segment also retrocedes most of its financial reinsurance business to other insurance companies to alleviate the strain on regulatory surplus created by this business.
Customer Base
     The U.S. reinsurance operation markets life reinsurance primarily to the largest U.S. life insurance companies. The Company estimates that approximately 83 of the top 100 U.S. life insurance companies, based on premiums, are clients. The treaties underlying this business generally are terminable by either party on 90 days written notice, but only with respect to future new business. Existing business generally is not terminable, unless the underlying policies terminate or are recaptured. In 2010, the U.S. operations’ five largest clients generated approximately $1,423.6 million or 35.6% of U.S. operations gross
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premiums. In addition, 36 other clients each generated annual gross premiums of $20.0 million or more, and the aggregate gross premiums from these clients represented approximately 54.8% of U.S. operations gross premiums. For the purpose of this disclosure, companies that are within the same insurance holding company structure are combined. As of December 31, 2010, the U.S. operations employed 361 people.
Canada Operations
     The Canada operations represented 12.0%, 10.7%, and 10.0% of the Company’s net premiums in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. In 2010, the Canadian life operations assumed $51.1 billion in new business, predominately representing recurring new business, as opposed to in force transactions. Approximately 81.1% of the 2010 recurring new business was written on an automatic basis.
     The Company operates in Canada primarily through RGA Canada, a wholly-owned subsidiary. RGA Canada is a leading life reinsurer in Canada, based on new individual life insurance production, assisting clients with capital management and mortality and morbidity risk management and is primarily engaged in traditional individual life reinsurance, as well as creditor, critical illness, and group life and health reinsurance. Creditor insurance covers the outstanding balance on personal, mortgage or commercial loans in the event of death, disability or critical illness and is generally shorter in duration than traditional life insurance.
     Clients include most of the life insurers in Canada, although the number of life insurers is much smaller compared to the U.S. In 2010, the Canada operations’ five largest clients generated approximately $624.9 million or 58.0% of Canada operations gross premiums. In addition, eight other clients each generated annual gross premiums of $20.0 million or more, and the aggregate gross premiums from these clients represented approximately 29.3% of Canada operations gross premiums. For the purpose of this disclosure, companies that are within the same insurance holding company structure are combined.
     As of December 31, 2010, RGA Canada had offices in Montreal and Toronto and maintained a staff of 127 people. RGA Canada employs its own underwriting, actuarial, claims, pricing, accounting, systems, marketing and administrative staff.
Europe & South Africa Operations
     The Europe & South Africa operations represented 13.8%, 13.7%, and 13.2% of the Company’s net premiums in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. This segment primarily provides life reinsurance to clients located in France, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico, the Middle East, the Netherlands, Poland, South Africa, Spain and the UK. The principal types of business have been reinsurance of life products through yearly renewable term and coinsurance agreements, the reinsurance of critical illness coverage that provides a benefit in the event of the diagnosis of a pre-defined critical illness and to a lesser extent, the reinsurance of longevity risk related to payout annuities. The reinsurance agreements of critical illness coverage may be either facultative or automatic agreements. Premiums earned from critical illness coverage represented 24.4% of the total net premiums for this segment in 2010.
     In 2010, the UK operations generated approximately $645.1 million, or 67.8% of the segment’s gross premiums. In 2010, the Europe & South Africa operations’ five largest clients generated approximately $450.9 million or 47.4% of Europe & South Africa operations gross premiums. In addition, five other clients each generated annual gross premiums of $20.0 million or more, and the aggregate gross premiums from these clients represented approximately 15.2% of Europe & South Africa operations gross premiums. For the purpose of this disclosure, companies that are within the same insurance holding company structure are combined.
     During 2000, RGA established a UK regulated reinsurer and began operating in the UK, where an increasing number of insurers were ceding the mortality and accelerated critical illness risks of individual life products on a quota share basis and reinsuring the longevity risk related to payout annuities and reinsurance of bulk annuities and individually underwritten impaired life annuities. During the years since, RGA has grown its UK operations significantly and is now recognized as a well-established participant in this market with significant market share. The reinsurers present in the market include the large global companies with which the Company also competes in other markets.
     In 1998, the Company established RGA South Africa, with offices in Cape Town and Johannesburg, to provide life reinsurance in South Africa. In South Africa, the Company has managed to establish a substantial position in the individual facultative market and has gained an increasing share in the automatic market. Life reinsurance is also provided on group cases. The Company is concentrating on the life insurance market.
     During 2009, RGA opened a representative office in the Netherlands to directly assist clients in this market; in 2010 this operation became a branch. In 2008, RGA opened a branch office in Germany to directly assist clients in the region. In Spain, the Company has business relationships with numerous companies covering both individual and group life business; in
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2007 this operation became a branch. Also during 2007, RGA opened a branch office in France and a representative office in Italy to directly assist clients in those markets; in 2009 the Italy operation became a branch. During 2006, RGA opened a representative office in Poland to directly assist clients in the central and eastern European market; in 2009 this operation became a branch. In 2002, RGA opened an office in India which markets life reinsurance support on individual and group business. A representative office was opened in 1998 in Mexico City to directly assist clients in this market.
     RGA’s operations in the UK, Continental Europe, South Africa, India and Mexico employ their own underwriting, actuarial, claims, pricing, accounting, marketing, and administration staff with additional support provided by the Company’s corporate staff in the U.S. Divisional management through RGA International Corporation (Nova Scotia ULC), based in Toronto, also provides services for these and other international markets. As of December 31, 2010, the Europe and South Africa operations employed 359 people.
Asia Pacific Operations
     The Asia Pacific operations represented 17.1%, 17.4%, and 18.7% of the Company’s net premiums in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The Company has a presence in the Asia Pacific region with licensed branch offices and/or representative offices in Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, New Zealand, Labuan (Malaysia) and China. The Company also established a reinsurance subsidiary in Australia in January 1996.
     The Australian operations generated approximately $558.8 million, or 47.7% of the total gross premiums for the Asia Pacific operations in 2010. In 2010, the Asia Pacific operations’ five largest clients generated approximately $489.2 million or 41.8% of Asia Pacific operations’ gross premiums. In addition, eight other clients each generated annual gross premiums of $20.0 million or more, and the aggregate gross premiums from these clients represented approximately 34.1% of Asia Pacific operations gross premiums. For the purpose of this disclosure, companies that are within the same insurance holding company structure are combined.
     The principal types of reinsurance for this segment include life, critical illness, disability income, superannuation, and non-traditional reinsurance. Superannuation is the Australian government mandated compulsory retirement savings program. Superannuation funds accumulate retirement funds for employees, and in addition, offer life and disability insurance coverage. Reinsurance agreements may be either facultative or automatic agreements covering primarily individual risks and, in some markets, group risks.
     The Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, Beijing and South Korea offices provide full reinsurance services and are supported by the Company’s U.S. and International Division Sydney office. RGA Australia employs its own underwriting, actuarial, claims, pricing, accounting, systems, marketing, and administration service with additional support provided by the Company’s U.S. and International Division Sydney offices. As of December 31, 2010, the Asia Pacific operations employed 329 people.
Corporate and Other
     Corporate and Other operations include investment income from invested assets not allocated to support segment operations and undeployed proceeds from the Company’s capital raising efforts, in addition to unallocated investment related gains or losses. Corporate expenses consist of the offset to capital charges allocated to the operating segments within the policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses line item, unallocated overhead and executive costs, and interest expense related to debt and the $225.0 million of 5.75% Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable trust preferred securities. Additionally, Corporate and Other includes results from, among others, RGA Technology Partners, Inc. (“RTP”), a wholly-owned subsidiary that develops and markets technology solutions for the insurance industry and the investment income and expense associated with the Company’s collateral finance facility. Effective January 1, 2009, due to immateriality, the discontinued accident and health operations were included in the results of the Corporate and Other segment. More information about the Company’s discontinued accident and health division may be found in Note 21 — “Discontinued Operations” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. In the fourth quarter of 2009, the Company wrote off its remaining interest in its direct insurance operations in Argentina, recording a $3.0 million investment-related loss.
D. Financial Information About Foreign Operations
     The Company’s foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the Asia Pacific region, and Europe & South Africa. Revenue, income (loss) before income taxes, which include investment related gains (losses), interest expense, depreciation and amortization, and identifiable assets attributable to these geographic regions are identified in Note 17 — “Segment Information” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Although there are risks inherent to foreign operations, such as currency fluctuations and restrictions on the movement of funds, as described in Item 1A — “Risk Factors”, the Company’s financial position and results of operations have not been materially adversely affected thereby to date.
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E. Available Information
     Copies of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports are available free of charge through the Company’s website (www.rgare.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (www.sec.gov). Information provided on such websites does not constitute part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
     In the Risk Factors below, we refer to the Company as “we,” “us,” or “our”. Investing in our securities involves certain risks. Any of the following risks could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition and could result in a loss of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
A downgrade in our ratings or in the ratings of our reinsurance subsidiaries could adversely affect our ability to compete.
     Ratings are an important factor in our competitive position. Rating organizations periodically review the financial performance and condition of insurers, including our reinsurance subsidiaries. These ratings are based on an insurance company’s ability to pay its obligations and are not directed toward the protection of investors. Rating organizations assign ratings based upon several factors. While most of the factors considered relate to the rated company, some of the factors relate to general economic conditions and circumstances outside the rated company’s control. The various rating agencies periodically review and evaluate our capital adequacy in accordance with their established guidelines and capital models. In order to maintain our existing ratings, we may commit from time to time to manage our capital at levels commensurate with such guidelines and models. If our capital levels are insufficient to fulfill any such commitments, we could be required to reduce our risk profile by, for example, retroceding some of our business or by raising additional capital by issuing debt, hybrid, or equity securities. Any such actions could have a material adverse impact on our earnings or materially dilute our shareholders’ equity ownership interests.
     Any downgrade in the ratings of our reinsurance subsidiaries could adversely affect their ability to sell products, retain existing business, and compete for attractive acquisition opportunities. Ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organization. A rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities, and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating. We believe that the rating agencies consider the ratings of a parent company when assigning a rating to a subsidiary of that company. The ability of our subsidiaries to write reinsurance partially depends on their financial condition and is influenced by their ratings. In addition, a significant downgrade in the rating or outlook of RGA, among other factors, could adversely affect our ability to raise and then contribute capital to our subsidiaries for the purpose of facilitating their operations and growth. A significant downgrade could increase our own cost of capital. For example, the facility fee and interest rate for our credit facilities are based on our senior long-term debt ratings. A decrease in those ratings could result in an increase in costs for the credit facilities. Also, if there is a downgrade in the rating of RGA, some of our reinsurance contracts would require us to post collateral to secure our obligations under these reinsurance contracts. Accordingly, we believe a ratings downgrade of RGA, or of our affiliates, could have a negative effect on our ability to conduct business.
     We cannot assure you that actions taken by our ratings agencies would not result in a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, it is unclear what effect, if any, a ratings change would have on the price of our securities in the secondary market.
We make assumptions when pricing our products relating to mortality, morbidity, lapsation and expenses, and significant deviations in experience could negatively affect our financial results.
     Our reinsurance contracts expose us to mortality risk, which is the risk that the level of death claims may differ from that which we assumed in pricing our life, critical illness and annuity reinsurance contracts. Some of our reinsurance contracts expose us to morbidity risk, which is the risk that an insured person will become critically ill or disabled. Our risk analysis and underwriting processes are designed with the objective of controlling the quality of the business and establishing appropriate pricing for the risks we assume. Among other things, these processes rely heavily on our underwriting, our analysis of mortality and morbidity trends, lapse rates, expenses and our understanding of medical impairments and their effect on mortality or morbidity.
     We expect mortality, morbidity and lapse experience to fluctuate somewhat from period to period, but believe they should remain fairly constant over the long term. Mortality, morbidity or lapse experience that is less favorable than the
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mortality, morbidity or lapse rates that we used in pricing a reinsurance agreement will negatively affect our net income because the premiums we receive for the risks we assume may not be sufficient to cover the claims and profit margin. Furthermore, even if the total benefits paid over the life of the contract do not exceed the expected amount, unexpected increases in the incidence of deaths or illness can cause us to pay more benefits in a given reporting period than expected, adversely affecting our net income in any particular reporting period. Likewise, adverse experience could impair our ability to offset certain unamortized deferred acquisition costs and adversely affect our net income in any particular reporting period.
RGA is an insurance holding company, and our ability to pay principal, interest and/or dividends on securities is limited.
     RGA is an insurance holding company, with our principal assets consisting of the stock of our reinsurance company subsidiaries, and substantially all of our income is derived from those subsidiaries. Our ability to pay principal and interest on any debt securities or dividends on any preferred or common stock depends in part on the ability of our reinsurance company subsidiaries, our principal sources of cash flow, to declare and distribute dividends or to advance money to RGA. We are not permitted to pay common stock dividends or make payments of interest or principal on securities which rank equal or junior to our subordinated debentures, until we pay any accrued and unpaid interest on our subordinated debentures. Our reinsurance company subsidiaries are subject to various statutory and regulatory restrictions, applicable to insurance companies generally, that limit the amount of cash dividends, loans and advances that those subsidiaries may pay to us. Covenants contained in some of our debt agreements and regulations relating to capital requirements affecting some of our more significant subsidiaries also restrict the ability of certain subsidiaries to pay dividends and other distributions and make loans to us. In addition, we cannot assure you that more stringent dividend restrictions will not be adopted, as discussed below under "— Our reinsurance subsidiaries are highly regulated, and changes in these regulations could negatively affect our business.”
     As a result of our insurance holding company structure, in the event of the insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or other winding-up of one of our reinsurance subsidiaries, all creditors of that subsidiary would be entitled to payment in full out of the assets of such subsidiary before we, as shareholder, would be entitled to any payment. Our subsidiaries would have to pay their direct creditors in full before our creditors, including holders of any class of common stock, preferred stock or debt securities of RGA, could receive any payment from the assets of such subsidiaries.
If our investment strategy is unsuccessful, we could suffer losses.
     The success of our investment strategy is crucial to the success of our business. In particular, we structure our investments to match our anticipated liabilities under reinsurance treaties to the extent we believe necessary. If our calculations with respect to these reinsurance liabilities are incorrect, or if we improperly structure our investments to match such liabilities, we could be forced to liquidate investments prior to maturity at a significant loss.
     Our investment guidelines also permit us to invest up to 10% of our investment portfolio in non-investment grade fixed maturity securities. While any investment carries some risk, the risks associated with lower-rated securities are greater than the risks associated with investment grade securities. The risk of loss of principal or interest through default is greater because lower-rated securities are usually unsecured and are often subordinated to an issuer’s other obligations. Additionally, the issuers of these securities frequently have high debt levels and are thus more sensitive to difficult economic conditions, individual corporate developments and rising interest rates which could impair an issuer’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on such lower-rated securities. As a result, the market price of these securities may be quite volatile, and the risk of loss is greater.
     The success of any investment activity is affected by general economic conditions, which may adversely affect the markets for interest-rate-sensitive securities and equity securities, including the level and volatility of interest rates and the extent and timing of investor participation in such markets. Unexpected volatility or illiquidity in the markets in which we directly or indirectly hold positions could adversely affect us.
Interest rate fluctuations could negatively affect the income we derive from the difference between the interest rates we earn on our investments and interest we pay under our reinsurance contracts.
     Significant changes in interest rates expose reinsurance companies to the risk of reduced investment income or actual losses based on the difference between the interest rates earned on investments and the credited interest rates paid on outstanding reinsurance contracts. Both rising and declining interest rates can negatively affect the income we derive from these interest rate spreads. During periods of rising interest rates, we may be contractually obligated to increase the crediting rates on our reinsurance contracts that have cash values. However, we may not have the ability to immediately acquire investments with interest rates sufficient to offset the increased crediting rates on our reinsurance contracts. During periods of falling interest rates, our investment earnings will be lower because new investments in fixed maturity securities will likely
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bear lower interest rates. We may not be able to fully offset the decline in investment earnings with lower crediting rates on underlying annuity products related to certain of our reinsurance contracts. While we develop and maintain asset/liability management programs and procedures designed to reduce the volatility of our income when interest rates are rising or falling, we cannot assure you that changes in interest rates will not affect our interest rate spreads.
     Changes in interest rates may also affect our business in other ways. Lower interest rates may result in lower sales of certain insurance and investment products of our customers, which would reduce the demand for our reinsurance of these products.
The availability and cost of collateral, including letters of credit, asset trusts and other credit facilities, could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
     Regulatory reserve requirements in various jurisdictions in which we operate may be significantly higher than the reserves required under GAAP. Accordingly, we reinsure, or retrocede, business to affiliated and unaffiliated reinsurers to reduce the amount of regulatory reserves and capital we are required to hold in certain jurisdictions. A regulation in the United States, commonly referred to as Regulation XXX, requires a relatively high level of regulatory, or statutory, reserves that U.S. life insurance and life reinsurance companies must hold on their statutory financial statements for various types of life insurance business, primarily certain level term life products. The reserve levels required under Regulation XXX increase over time and are normally in excess of reserves required under GAAP. The degree to which these reserves will increase and the ultimate level of reserves will depend upon the mix of our business and future production levels in the United States. Based on the assumed rate of growth in our current business plan, and the increasing level of regulatory reserves associated with some of this business, we expect the amount of required regulatory reserves to grow significantly.
     In order to reduce the effect of Regulation XXX, our principal U.S. operating subsidiary, RGA Reinsurance, has retroceded Regulation XXX-related reserves to affiliated and unaffiliated reinsurers. Additionally, some of our reinsurance subsidiaries in other jurisdictions enter into various reinsurance arrangements with affiliated and unaffiliated reinsurers from time to time in order to reduce their statutory capital and reserve requirements. As a general matter, for us to reduce regulatory reserves on business that we retrocede, the affiliated or unaffiliated reinsurer must provide an equal amount of collateral. Such collateral may be provided through a capital markets securitization, in the form of a letter of credit from a commercial bank or through the placement of assets in trust for our benefit.
     In connection with these reserve requirements, we face the following risks:
 	•	 	The availability of collateral and the related cost of such collateral in the future could affect the type and volume of business we reinsure and could increase our costs.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	We may need to raise additional capital to support higher regulatory reserves, which could increase our overall cost of capital.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	If we, or our retrocessionaires, are unable to obtain or provide sufficient collateral to support our statutory ceded reserves, we may be required to increase regulatory reserves. In turn, this reserve increase could significantly reduce our statutory capital levels and adversely affect our ability to satisfy required regulatory capital levels that apply to us, unless we are able to raise additional capital to contribute to our operating subsidiaries.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Because term life insurance is a particularly price-sensitive product, any increase in insurance premiums charged on these products by life insurance companies, in order to compensate them for the increased statutory reserve requirements or higher costs of insurance they face, may result in a significant loss of volume in their life insurance operations, which could, in turn, adversely affect our life reinsurance operations.	
     We cannot assure you that we will be able to implement actions to mitigate the effect of increasing regulatory reserve requirements.
We could be forced to sell investments at a loss to cover policyholder withdrawals, recaptures of reinsurance treaties or other events.
     Some of the products offered by our insurance company customers allow policyholders and contract holders to withdraw their funds under defined circumstances. Our reinsurance subsidiaries manage their liabilities and configure their investment portfolios so as to provide and maintain sufficient liquidity to support anticipated withdrawal demands and contract benefits and maturities under reinsurance treaties with these customers. While our reinsurance subsidiaries own a significant amount of liquid assets, a portion of their assets are relatively illiquid. Unanticipated withdrawal or surrender activity could, under some circumstances, require our reinsurance subsidiaries to dispose of assets on unfavorable terms, which could have an adverse effect on us. Reinsurance agreements may provide for recapture rights on the part of our
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insurance company customers. Recapture rights permit these customers to reassume all or a portion of the risk formerly ceded to us after an agreed upon time, usually ten years, subject to various conditions.
     Recapture of business previously ceded does not affect premiums ceded prior to the recapture, but may result in immediate payments to our insurance company customers and a charge for costs that we deferred when we acquired the business but are unable to recover upon recapture. Under some circumstances, payments to our insurance company customers could require our reinsurance subsidiaries to dispose of assets on unfavorable terms.
Changes in the equity markets, interest rates and/or volatility affects the profitability of variable annuities with guaranteed living benefits that we reinsure; therefore, such changes may have a material adverse effect on our business and profitability.
     We reinsure variable annuity products that include guaranteed minimum living benefits. These include guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”), guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”) and guaranteed minimum income benefits (“GMIB”). The amount of reserves related to these benefits is based on their fair value and is affected by changes in equity markets, interest rates and volatility. Accordingly, strong equity markets, increases in interest rates and decreases in volatility will generally decrease the fair value of the liabilities underlying the benefits.
     Conversely, a decrease in the equity markets along with a decrease in interest rates and an increase in volatility will generally result in an increase in the fair value of the liabilities underlying the benefits, which has the effect of increasing the amount of reserves that we must carry. Such an increase in reserves would result in a charge to our earnings in the quarter in which we increase our reserves. We maintain a customized dynamic hedge program that is designed to mitigate the risks associated with income volatility around the change in reserves on guaranteed benefits. However, the hedge positions may not be effective to exactly offset the changes in the carrying value of the guarantees due to, among other things, the time lag between changes in their values and corresponding changes in the hedge positions, high levels of volatility in the equity markets and derivatives markets, extreme swings in interest rates, contract holder behavior different than expected, and divergence between the performance of the underlying funds and hedging indices. These factors, individually or collectively, may have a material adverse effect on our net income, capital levels, financial condition or liquidity.
We are exposed to foreign currency risk.
     We are a multi-national company with operations in numerous countries and, as a result, are exposed to foreign currency risk to the extent that exchange rates of foreign currencies are subject to adverse change over time. The U.S. dollar value of our net investments in foreign operations, our foreign currency transaction settlements and the periodic conversion of the foreign-denominated earnings to U.S. dollars (our reporting currency) are each subject to adverse foreign exchange rate movements. Approximately 38% of our revenues and 34% of our fixed maturity securities available for sale were denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar as of and for the year ended December 31, 2010.
We depend on the performance of others, and their failure to perform in a satisfactory manner would negatively affect us.
     In the normal course of business, we seek to limit our exposure to losses from our reinsurance contracts by ceding a portion of the reinsurance to other insurance enterprises or retrocessionaires. We cannot assure you that these insurance enterprises or retrocessionaires will be able to fulfill their obligations to us. As of December 31, 2010, the retrocession pool members participating in our excess retention pool that have been reviewed by A.M. Best Company, were rated “A-”, the fourth highest rating out of fifteen possible ratings, or better. We are also subject to the risk that our clients will be unable to fulfill their obligations to us under our reinsurance agreements with them.
     We rely upon our insurance company clients to provide timely, accurate information. We may experience volatility in our earnings as a result of erroneous or untimely reporting from our clients. We work closely with our clients and monitor their reporting to minimize this risk. We also rely on original underwriting decisions made by our clients. We cannot assure you that these processes or those of our clients will adequately control business quality or establish appropriate pricing.
     For some reinsurance agreements, the ceding company withholds and legally owns and manages assets equal to the net statutory reserves, and we reflect these assets as funds withheld at interest on our balance sheet. In the event that a ceding company was to become insolvent, we would need to assert a claim on the assets supporting our reserve liabilities. We attempt to mitigate our risk of loss by offsetting amounts for claims or allowances that we owe the ceding company with amounts that the ceding company owes to us. We are subject to the investment performance on the withheld assets, although we do not directly control them. We help to set, and monitor compliance with, the investment guidelines followed by these ceding companies. However, to the extent that such investment guidelines are not appropriate, or to the extent that the ceding companies do not adhere to such guidelines, our risk of loss could increase, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. During 2010, interest earned on funds withheld represented 4.7% of our
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consolidated revenues. Funds withheld at interest totaled $5.4 billion at December 31, 2010 and $4.9 billion as of December 31, 2009.
     We use the services of third-party investment managers to manage certain assets where our investment management expertise is limited. We rely on these investment managers to provide investment advice and execute investment transactions that are within our investment policy guidelines. Poor performance on the part of our outside investment managers could negatively affect our financial performance.
     As with all financial services companies, our ability to conduct business depends on consumer confidence in the industry and our financial strength. Actions of competitors, and financial difficulties of other companies in the industry, and related adverse publicity, could undermine consumer confidence and harm our reputation.
Natural and man-made disasters, catastrophes, and events, including terrorist attacks, epidemics and pandemics, may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
     Natural disasters and terrorist attacks, as well as epidemics and pandemics, can adversely affect our business and results of operations because they accelerate mortality and morbidity risk. Terrorist attacks on the United States and in other parts of the world and the threat of future attacks could have a negative effect on our business.
     We believe our reinsurance programs are sufficient to reasonably limit our net losses for individual life claims relating to potential future natural disasters and terrorist attacks. However, the consequences of further natural disasters, terrorist attacks, armed conflicts, epidemics and pandemics are unpredictable, and we may not be able to foresee events that could have an adverse effect on our business.
We operate in a competitive industry which could adversely affect our market share.
     The reinsurance industry is highly competitive, and we encounter significant competition in all lines of business from other reinsurance companies, as well as competition from other providers of financial services. Our competitors vary by geographic market, however we believe our primary competitors on a global basis are currently the following, or their affiliates: Munich Re, Swiss Re, Hannover Re, SCOR Global Re, Berkshire Hathaway and Aegon. Many of our competitors have greater financial resources than we do. Our ability to compete depends on, among other things, our ability to maintain strong financial strength ratings from rating agencies, pricing and other terms and conditions of reinsurance agreements, and our reputation, service, and experience in the types of business that we underwrite. However, competition from other reinsurers could adversely affect our competitive position.
     Our target market is generally large life insurers. We compete based on the strength of our underwriting operations, insights on mortality trends based on our large book of business, and responsive service. We believe our quick response time to client requests for individual underwriting quotes and our underwriting expertise are important elements to our strategy and lead to other business opportunities with our clients. Our business will be adversely affected if we are unable to maintain these competitive advantages or if our international strategy is not successful.
Tax law changes or a prolonged economic downturn could reduce the demand for insurance products, which could adversely affect our business.
     Under the Internal Revenue Code, income tax payable by policyholders on investment earnings is deferred during the accumulation period of some life insurance and annuity products. To the extent that the Internal Revenue Code is revised to reduce the tax-deferred status of life insurance and annuity products, or to increase the tax-deferred status of competing products, all life insurance companies would be adversely affected with respect to their ability to sell such products, and, depending on grandfathering provisions, by the surrenders of existing annuity contracts and life insurance policies. In addition, life insurance products are often used to fund estate tax obligations. Congress has adopted legislation to eliminate the estate tax. Under this legislation, our U.S. life insurance company customers could face reduced demand for some of their life insurance products, which in turn could negatively affect our reinsurance business.
     Further, the Obama Administration has proposed certain changes to various tax rules which are applicable to our business. Changes in tax laws, Treasury and other regulations promulgated thereunder, or interpretations of such laws or regulations could increase our corporate taxes. Changes in corporate tax rates could affect the value of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Furthermore, the value of deferred tax assets could be affected by future earnings levels. We cannot predict whether any tax legislation impacting corporate taxes or insurance products will be enacted, what the specific terms of any such legislation will be or whether, if at all, any legislation would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
     In addition, a general economic downturn or a downturn in the equity and other capital markets could adversely affect the market for many annuity and life insurance products. Because we obtain substantially all of our revenues through
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reinsurance arrangements that cover a portfolio of life insurance products, as well as annuities, our business would be harmed if the market for annuities or life insurance was adversely affected. In addition, the market for annuity reinsurance products is currently not well developed, and we cannot assure you that such market will develop in the future.
     Our reinsurance subsidiaries are highly regulated, and changes in these regulations could negatively affect our business.
     Our reinsurance subsidiaries are subject to government regulation in each of the jurisdictions in which they are licensed or authorized to do business. Governmental agencies have broad administrative power to regulate many aspects of the insurance business, which may include premium rates, marketing practices, advertising, policy forms, and capital adequacy. These agencies are concerned primarily with the protection of policyholders rather than shareholders or holders of debt securities. Moreover, insurance laws and regulations, among other things, establish minimum capital requirements and limit the amount of dividends, tax distributions, and other payments our reinsurance subsidiaries can make without prior regulatory approval, and impose restrictions on the amount and type of investments we may hold. The State of Missouri also regulates RGA as an insurance holding company.
     Recently, insurance regulators have increased their scrutiny of the insurance regulatory framework in the United States and some state legislatures have considered or enacted laws that alter, and in many cases increase, state authority to regulate insurance holding companies and insurance companies. In 2010, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, or “NAIC”, amended its Model Insurance Holding Company System Regulatory Act to provide for an expanded supervision of insurance groups operating in the United States. The scope of these changes includes a review of enterprise risk management programs as well as expanded review of agreements between licensed insurers and their group members. It is expected that before the end of 2012, states, including Missouri, will begin to adopt these new standards as law. At the United States Federal level, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act established a Federal Solvency Oversight Counsel to identify financial institutions, including insurers and reinsurers that are systemically important to the United States financial system. A finding that RGA, or one of its U.S. subsidiaries are systemically important could ultimately subject the identified entity to additional capital requirements based on business levels and asset mix and other supervision. Such additional scrutiny might also impact RGA’s ability to pay dividends. We are unable to predict whether, when or in what form the State of Missouri will enact amendments to the Insurance Holding Company Act and whether the Financial Solvency Oversight Counsel will find RGA, or any insurer or reinsurer, to be systemically important and further whether any additional scrutiny and restrictions will be imposed if such entities are found to be systemically important. Moreover, we cannot assure you that more stringent restrictions will not be adopted from time to time in other jurisdictions in which our reinsurance subsidiaries are domiciled, which could, under certain circumstances, significantly reduce dividends or other amounts payable to us by our subsidiaries unless they obtain approval from insurance regulatory authorities. We cannot predict the effect that any NAIC recommendations or proposed or future legislation or rule-making in the United States or elsewhere may have on our financial condition or operations.
Acquisitions and significant transactions involve varying degrees of risk that could affect our profitability.
     We have made, and may in the future make, strategic acquisitions, either of selected blocks of business or other companies. Acquisitions may expose us to operational challenges and various risks, including:
 	•	 	the ability to integrate the acquired business operations and data with our systems;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	the availability of funding sufficient to meet increased capital needs;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	the ability to fund cash flow shortages that may occur if anticipated revenues are not realized or are delayed, whether by general economic or market conditions or unforeseen internal difficulties; and	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	the possibility that the value of investments acquired in an acquisition, may be lower than expected or may diminish due to credit defaults or changes in interest rates and that liabilities assumed may be greater than expected (due to, among other factors, less favorable than expected mortality or morbidity experience).	
     A failure to successfully manage the operational challenges and risks associated with or resulting from significant transactions, including acquisitions, could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
Our international operations involve inherent risks.
     In 2010, approximately 30.9% of our net premiums and 20.2% of income from continuing operations before income taxes came from our operations in Europe & South Africa and Asia Pacific. One of our strategies is to grow these international operations. International operations subject us to various inherent risks. In addition to the regulatory and foreign currency risks identified above, other risks include the following:
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 	•	 	managing the growth of these operations effectively, particularly given the recent rates of growth;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	changes in mortality and morbidity experience and the supply and demand for our products that are specific to these markets and that may be difficult to anticipate;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	political and economic instability in the regions of the world where we operate;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	uncertainty arising out of foreign government sovereignty over our international operations; and	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	potentially uncertain or adverse tax consequences, including the repatriation of earnings from our non-U.S. subsidiaries.	
     We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage these risks effectively or that they will not have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our risk management policies and procedures could leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risk, which could negatively affect our business or result in losses.
     Our risk management policies and procedures to identify, monitor, and manage both internal and external risks may not predict future exposures, which could be different or significantly greater than expected. These identified risks may not be the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
Unanticipated events affecting our disaster recovery systems and management continuity planning could impair our ability to conduct business.
     In the event of a disaster such as a natural catastrophe, an industrial accident, a blackout, a computer virus, a terrorist attack or war, unanticipated problems with our disaster recovery systems could have a material adverse impact on our ability to conduct business and on our results of operations and financial position, particularly if those problems affect our computer-based data processing, transmission, storage and retrieval systems and destroy valuable data. We depend heavily upon computer systems to provide reliable service, data and reports. Despite our implementation of a variety of security measures, our servers could be subject to physical and electronic break-ins, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems. In addition, in the event that a significant number of our managers were unavailable in the event of a disaster, our ability to effectively conduct business could be severely compromised. These interruptions also may interfere with our clients’ ability to provide data and other information and our employees’ ability to perform their job responsibilities.
Risks Related to Our Investments
Adverse capital and credit market conditions may significantly affect our ability to meet liquidity needs, access to capital and cost of capital.
     The capital and credit markets experience varying degrees of volatility and disruption. In some periods, the markets have exerted downward pressure on availability of liquidity and credit capacity for certain issuers.
     We need liquidity to pay our operating expenses, interest on our debt and dividends on our capital stock and to replace certain maturing liabilities. Without sufficient liquidity, we will be forced to curtail our operations, and our business will suffer. The principal sources of our liquidity are reinsurance premiums under reinsurance treaties and cash flow from our investment portfolio and other assets. Sources of liquidity in normal markets also include proceeds from the issuance of a variety of short- and long-term instruments, including medium- and long-term debt, junior subordinated debt securities, capital securities and common stock.
     In the event current resources do not satisfy our needs, we may have to seek additional financing. The availability of additional financing will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the general availability of credit, the volume of trading activities, the overall availability of credit to the financial services industry, our credit ratings and credit capacity, as well as the possibility that customers or lenders could develop a negative perception of our long- or short-term financial prospects. Similarly, our access to funds may be impaired if regulatory authorities or rating agencies take negative actions against us. Our internal sources of liquidity may prove to be insufficient, and in such case, we may not be able to successfully obtain additional financing on favorable terms, or at all.
     Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the capital and credit markets may also limit our access to capital required to operate our business, most significantly our reinsurance operations. Such market conditions may limit our ability to replace, in a timely manner, maturing liabilities; satisfy statutory capital requirements; generate fee income and market-related revenue to meet liquidity needs; and access the capital necessary to grow our business. As such, we may be forced to delay
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raising capital, issue shorter tenor securities than we prefer, or bear an unattractive cost of capital which could decrease our profitability and significantly reduce our financial flexibility. At various points during the past few years, our credit spreads widened considerably. Further, our ability to finance our statutory reserve requirements is limited in the current marketplace. If capacity continues to be limited for a prolonged period of time, our ability to obtain new funding for such purposes may be hindered and, as a result, it may limit or adversely affect our ability to write additional business in a cost-effective manner. Our results of operations could be materially adversely affected by disruptions in the financial markets.
Difficult conditions in the global capital markets and the economy generally may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
     Our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and statutory capital position are materially affected by conditions in the global capital markets and the economy generally, both in the United States and elsewhere around the world. In recent periods, fixed income markets have experienced extreme volatility, which negatively affected market liquidity conditions. During those periods, fixed income instruments experienced decreased liquidity, increased price volatility, credit downgrade events, and increased probability of default. Many fixed income securities became less liquid and more difficult to value and sell. Domestic and international equity markets also experienced heightened volatility and turmoil, with issuers (such as us) that have exposure to the mortgage and credit markets particularly affected. These events and continuing market upheavals may have an adverse effect on us, in part because we have a large investment portfolio and are also dependent upon customer behavior. Our revenues may decline in such circumstances and our profit margins may erode. In addition, in the event of extreme prolonged market events, such as the global credit crisis, we could incur significant investment-related losses. Even in the absence of a market downturn, we are exposed to substantial risk of loss due to market volatility.
The liquidity and value of some of our investments may become significantly diminished.
     We hold certain investments that may lack liquidity, such as privately placed fixed maturity securities; mortgage loans; policy loans; and equity real estate. Even some of our very high quality assets have become more illiquid as a result of the recent challenging market conditions.
     If we require significant amounts of cash on short notice in excess of normal cash requirements or are required to post or return collateral in connection with our investment portfolio, derivatives transactions or securities lending activities, we may have difficulty selling these investments in a timely manner, be forced to sell them for less than we otherwise would have been able to realize, or both.
The impairment of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.
     We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, insurance companies, commercial banks, investment banks, investment funds and other institutions. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparty. In addition, with respect to secured and other transactions that provide for us to hold collateral posted by the counterparty, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral we hold cannot be liquidated at prices sufficient to recover the full amount of our exposure. We also have exposure to these financial institutions in the form of unsecured debt instruments, derivative transactions and equity investments. There can be no assurance that any such losses or impairments to the carrying value of these assets would not materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our requirements to post collateral or make payments related to declines in market value of specified assets may expose us to counterparty risk and adversely affect our liquidity.
     Some of our transactions with financial and other institutions specify the circumstances under which the parties are required to post collateral. The amount of collateral we may be required to post under these agreements may increase under certain circumstances, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, under the terms of some of our transactions we may be required to make payment to our counterparties related to any decline in the market value of the specified assets.
Defaults on our mortgage loans and volatility in performance may adversely affect our profitability.
     Our mortgage loans face default risk and are principally collateralized by commercial properties. Mortgage loans are stated on our balance sheet at unpaid principal balance, adjusted for any unamortized premium or discount, deferred fees or expenses, and are net of valuation allowances. We establish valuation allowances for estimated impairments as of the balance sheet date. Such valuation allowances are based on the excess carrying value of the loan over the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate, the value of the loan’s collateral if the loan is in the process of foreclosure or otherwise collateral dependent, or the loan’s market value if the loan is being sold. At
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December 31, 2010, we had valuation allowances of $6.2 million related to our mortgage loans. The performance of our mortgage loan investments, however, may fluctuate in the future. An increase in the default rate of our mortgage loan investments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
     Further, any geographic or sector concentration of our mortgage loans may have adverse effects on our investment portfolios and consequently on our consolidated results of operations or financial condition. While we seek to mitigate this risk by having a broadly diversified portfolio, events or developments that have a negative effect on any particular geographic region or sector may have a greater adverse effect on the investment portfolios to the extent that the portfolios are concentrated. Moreover, our ability to sell assets relating to such particular groups of related assets may be limited if other market participants are seeking to sell at the same time.
Our investments are reflected within the consolidated financial statements utilizing different accounting bases and accordingly we may not have recognized differences, which may be significant, between cost and fair value in our consolidated financial statements.
     Our principal investments are in fixed maturity and equity securities, short-term investments, mortgage loans, policy loans, funds withheld at interest and other invested assets. The carrying value of such investments is as follows:
 	•	 	Fixed maturity and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at their estimated fair value. Unrealized investment gains and losses on these securities are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of related deferred acquisition costs and deferred income taxes.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Short-term investments include investments with remaining maturities of one year or less, but greater than three months, at the time of acquisition and are stated at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Mortgage and policy loans are stated at unpaid principal balance. Additionally, mortgage loans are adjusted for any unamortized premium or discount, deferred fees or expenses, net of valuation allowances.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Funds withheld at interest represent amounts contractually withheld by ceding companies in accordance with reinsurance agreements. The value of the assets withheld and interest income are recorded in accordance with specific treaty terms.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	We primarily use the cost method of accounting for investments in real estate joint ventures and other limited partnership interests since we have a minor equity investment and virtually no influence over the joint ventures or the partnership’s operations. These investments are reflected in other invested assets on the balance sheet.	
     Investments not carried at fair value in our consolidated financial statements — principally, mortgage loans, policy loans, real estate joint ventures, and other limited partnerships — may have fair values which are substantially higher or lower than the carrying value reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Each of such asset classes is regularly evaluated for impairment under the accounting guidance appropriate to the respective asset class.
Our valuation of fixed maturity and equity securities and derivatives include methodologies, estimations and assumptions which are subject to differing interpretations and could result in changes to investment valuations that may materially adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
     Fixed maturity, equity securities and short-term investments which are reported at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet represent the majority of our total cash and invested assets. We have categorized these securities into a three-level hierarchy, based on the priority of the inputs to the respective valuation technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). An asset or liability’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. For example, a Level 3 fair value measurement may include inputs that are observable (Levels 1 and 2) and unobservable (Level 3). Therefore, gains and losses for such assets and liabilities categorized within Level 3 may include changes in fair value that are attributable to both observable market inputs (Levels 1 and 2) and unobservable market inputs (Level 3).
     The determination of fair values in the absence of quoted market prices is based on: (i) valuation methodologies; (ii) securities we deem to be comparable; and (iii) assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances. The fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on available market information and judgments about financial instruments, including estimates of the timing and amounts of expected future cash flows and the credit standing of the issuer or counterparty. Factors considered in estimating fair value include: coupon rate, maturity, estimated duration, call provisions, sinking fund requirements, credit rating, industry sector of the issuer, and quoted market prices of comparable
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securities. The use of different methodologies and assumptions may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
     During periods of market disruption including periods of significantly rising or high interest rates, rapidly widening credit spreads or illiquidity, it may be difficult to value certain of our securities, such as alternative residential mortgage loan (“Alt-A”) securities and sub-prime mortgage-backed securities, if trading becomes less frequent and/or market data becomes less observable. There may be certain asset classes that were in active markets with significant observable data that become illiquid due to the financial environment. In such cases, more securities may fall to Level 3 and thus require more subjectivity and management judgment. As such, valuations may include inputs and assumptions that are less observable or require greater estimation as well as valuation methods which are more sophisticated or require greater estimation thereby resulting in values which may be less than the value at which the investments may be ultimately sold. Further, rapidly changing and/or disruptive credit and equity market conditions could materially impact the valuation of securities as reported within our consolidated financial statements and the period-to-period changes in value could vary significantly. Decreases in value may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
     The reported value of our relatively illiquid types of investments, our investments in the asset classes described in the paragraph above and, at times, our high quality, generally liquid asset classes, do not necessarily reflect the lowest current market price for the asset. If we were forced to sell certain of our assets in disruptive and/or volatile market conditions, there can be no assurance that we will be able to sell them for the prices at which we have recorded them and we may be forced to sell them at significantly lower prices.
The determination of the amount of allowances and impairments taken on our investments is highly subjective and could materially impact our results of operations or financial position.
     The determination of the amount of allowances and impairments vary by investment type and is based upon our periodic evaluation and assessment of known and inherent risks associated with the respective asset class. Such evaluations and assessments are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available. Management updates its evaluations regularly and reflects changes in allowances and impairments in operations as such evaluations are revised.
     For example, the cost of our fixed maturity and equity securities is adjusted for impairments in value deemed to be other-than-temporary in the period in which the determination is made. The assessment of whether impairments have occurred is based on management’s case-by-case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair value. Our management considers a wide range of factors about the security issuer and uses their best judgment in evaluating the cause of the decline in the estimated fair value of the security and in assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future earnings potential. There can be no assurance that our management has accurately assessed the level of impairments taken, or allowances reflected in our financial statements and their potential impact on regulatory capital. Furthermore, additional impairments may need to be taken or allowances provided for in the future.
Defaults, downgrades or other events impairing the value of our fixed maturity securities portfolio may reduce our earnings.
     We are subject to the risk that the issuers, or guarantors, of fixed maturity securities we own may default on principal and interest payments they owe us. At December 31, 2010, the fixed maturity securities of $14.3 billion in our investment portfolio represented 61.8% of our total cash and invested assets. The occurrence of a major economic downturn (or a prolonged downturn in the economy), acts of corporate malfeasance, widening risk spreads, or other events that adversely affect the issuers or guarantors of these securities could cause the value of our fixed maturity securities portfolio and our net income to decline and the default rate of the fixed maturity securities in our investment portfolio to increase. A ratings downgrade affecting issuers or guarantors of particular securities, or similar trends that could worsen the credit quality of issuers, such as the corporate issuers of securities in our investment portfolio, could also have a similar effect. With economic uncertainty, credit quality of issuers or guarantors could be adversely affected. Any event reducing the value of these securities other than on a temporary basis could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
We may not pay dividends on our common stock.
     Our shareholders may not receive future dividends. Historically, we have paid quarterly dividends ranging from $0.027 per share in 1993 to $0.12 per share in 2010. All future payments of dividends, however, are at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, capital requirements, insurance regulatory conditions, operating conditions, and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant. The amount of dividends that we can pay
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will depend in part on the operations of our reinsurance subsidiaries. Under certain circumstances, we may be contractually prohibited from paying dividends on our common stock due to restrictions in certain debt and trust preferred securities.
RGA’s anti-takeover provisions may delay or prevent a change in control of RGA, which could adversely affect the price of our common stock.
     Certain provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws, as well as Missouri law, may delay or prevent a change of control of RGA, which could adversely affect the price of our common stock. Our articles of incorporation and bylaws contain some provisions that may make the acquisition of control of RGA without the approval of our board of directors more difficult, including provisions relating to the nomination, election and removal of directors, the structure of the board of directors and limitations on actions by our shareholders. In addition, Missouri law also imposes some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between RGA and holders of 20% or more of our outstanding common stock.
     Furthermore, our articles of incorporation are intended to limit stock ownership of RGA stock (other than shares acquired through the divestiture by MetLife or other exempted transactions) to less than 5% of the value of the aggregate outstanding shares of RGA stock during the restriction period. We have also adopted a Section 382 shareholder rights plan designed to deter shareholders from becoming a “5-percent shareholder” (as defined by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and the related Treasury regulations) without the approval of our board of directors.
     These provisions may have unintended anti-takeover effects. These provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws and Missouri law may delay or prevent a change in control of RGA, which could adversely affect the price of our common stock.
Applicable insurance laws may make it difficult to effect a change of control of RGA.
     Before a person can acquire control of a U.S. insurance company, prior written approval must be obtained from the insurance commission of the state where the domestic insurer is domiciled. Missouri insurance laws and regulations provide that no person may acquire control of us, and thus indirect control of our Missouri reinsurance subsidiaries, including RGA Reinsurance, unless:
 	•	 	such person has provided certain required information to the Missouri Department of Insurance; and	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	such acquisition is approved by the Director of Insurance of the State of Missouri, whom we refer to as the Missouri Director of Insurance, after a public hearing.	
     Under Missouri insurance laws and regulations, any person acquiring 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of a corporation, such as our common stock, is presumed to have acquired control of that corporation and its subsidiaries.
     Canadian federal insurance laws and regulations provide that no person may directly or indirectly acquire “control” of or a “significant interest” in our Canadian insurance subsidiary, RGA Canada, unless:
 	•	 	such person has provided information, material and evidence to the Canadian Superintendent of Financial Institutions as required by him, and	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	such acquisition is approved by the Canadian Minister of Finance.	
     For this purpose, “significant interest” means the direct or indirect beneficial ownership by a person, or group of persons acting in concert, of shares representing 10% or more of a given class, and “control” of an insurance company exists when:
 	•	 	a person, or group of persons acting in concert, beneficially owns or controls an entity that beneficially owns securities, such as our common stock, representing more than 50% of the votes entitled to be cast for the election of directors and such votes are sufficient to elect a majority of the directors of the insurance company, or	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	a person has any direct or indirect influence that would result in control in fact of an insurance company.	
     Prior to granting approval of an application to directly or indirectly acquire control of a domestic or foreign insurer, an insurance regulator may consider such factors as the financial strength of the applicant, the integrity of the applicant’s board of directors and executive officers, the applicant’s plans for the future operations of the domestic insurer and any anti-competitive results that may arise from the consummation of the acquisition of control.
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Issuing additional shares may dilute the value or affect the price of our common stock.
     Our board of directors has the authority, without action or vote of the shareholders, to issue any or all authorized but unissued shares of our common stock, including securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock and authorized but unissued shares under our stock option and other equity compensation plans. In the future, we may issue such additional securities, through public or private offerings, in order to raise additional capital. Any such issuance will dilute the percentage ownership of shareholders and may dilute the per share projected earnings or book value of the common stock. In addition, option holders may exercise their options at any time when we would otherwise be able to obtain additional equity capital on more favorable terms.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly.
     The overall market and the price of our common stock may continue to fluctuate as a result of many factors in addition to those discussed in the preceding risk factors. These factors, some or all of which are beyond our control, include:
 	•	 	actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	changes in expectations as to our future financial performance or changes in financial estimates of securities analysts;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	success of our operating and growth strategies;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	investor anticipation of strategic and technological threats, whether or not warranted by actual events;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	operating and stock price performance of other comparable companies; and	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	realization of any of the risks described in these risk factors or those set forth in any subsequent Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.	
     In addition, the stock market has historically experienced volatility that often has been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.
The acquisition restrictions contained in our articles of incorporation and our Section 382 shareholder rights plan, which are intended to help preserve RGA and its subsidiaries’ net operating losses (“NOLs”) and other tax attributes, may not be effective or may have unintended negative effects.
     We have recognized and may continue to recognize substantial NOLs, and other tax attributes, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Under the Internal Revenue Code, we may “carry forward” these NOLs, in certain circumstances to offset any current and future taxable income and thus reduce our federal income tax liability, subject to certain requirements and restrictions. To the extent that the NOLs do not otherwise become limited, we believe that we will be able to carry forward a substantial amount of NOLs and, therefore, these NOLs are a substantial asset to RGA. However, if RGA and its subsidiaries experience an “ownership change,” as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and related Treasury regulations, their ability to use the NOLs could be substantially limited, and the timing of the usage of the NOLs could be substantially delayed, which consequently could significantly impair the value of that asset.
     To reduce the likelihood of an ownership change, in light of MetLife’s recent divestiture of most of its RGA stock, we have established acquisition restrictions in our articles of incorporation and our board of directors adopted a Section 382 shareholder rights plan. The Section 382 shareholder rights plan is designed to protect shareholder value by attempting to protect against a limitation on the ability of RGA and its subsidiaries to use their existing NOLs and other tax attributes. The acquisition restrictions in our articles of incorporation are also intended to restrict certain acquisitions of RGA stock to help preserve the ability of RGA and its subsidiaries to utilize their NOLs and other tax attributes by avoiding the limitations imposed by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and the related Treasury regulations. The acquisition restrictions and the Section 382 shareholder rights plan are generally designed to restrict or deter direct and indirect acquisitions of RGA stock if such acquisition would result in an RGA shareholder becoming a 5-percent shareholder or increase the percentage ownership of RGA stock that is treated as owned by an existing 5-percent shareholder.
     Although the acquisition restrictions and the Section 382 shareholder rights plan are intended to reduce the likelihood of an ownership change that could adversely affect RGA and its subsidiaries, we can give no assurance that such restrictions would prevent all transfers that could result in such an ownership change. In particular, we have been advised by our counsel that, absent a court determination, there can be no assurance that the acquisition restrictions will be enforceable against all of the RGA shareholders, and that they may be subject to challenge on equitable grounds. In particular, it is possible that the acquisition restrictions may not be enforceable against the RGA shareholders who voted against or abstained
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from voting on the restrictions at our recent special meeting of shareholders or who do not have notice of the restrictions at the time when they subsequently acquire their shares.
     Under certain circumstances, our board of directors may determine it is in the best interest of RGA and its shareholders to exempt certain 5-percent shareholders from the operation of the Section 382 shareholder rights plan, in light of the provisions of the recapitalization and distribution agreement. Accordingly, our board of directors may determine that it is in the best interest of the Company not to enforce the Section 382 shareholder rights plan.
     The acquisition restrictions and Section 382 shareholder rights plan also require any person attempting to become a holder of 5% or more (by value) of RGA stock, as determined under the Internal Revenue Code, to seek the approval of our board of directors. This may have an unintended “anti-takeover” effect because our board of directors may be able to prevent any future takeover. Similarly, any limits on the amount of stock that a shareholder may own could have the effect of making it more difficult for shareholders to replace current management. Additionally, because the acquisition restrictions and Section 382 shareholder rights plan have the effect of restricting a shareholder’s ability to dispose of or acquire RGA stock, the liquidity and market value of RGA stock might suffer. The acquisition restrictions and the Section 382 shareholder rights plan will remain in effect for the “restriction period,” which is until the earlier of (a) September 13, 2011, or (b) such other date as our board of directors in good faith determines they are no longer in the best interests of RGA and its shareholders. The acquisition restrictions may be waived by our board of directors. Shareholders are advised to monitor carefully their ownership of RGA stock and consult their own legal advisors and/or RGA to determine whether their ownership of RGA stock approaches the proscribed level.
The occurrence of various events may adversely affect the ability of RGA and its subsidiaries to fully utilize NOLs and other tax attributes.
     RGA and its subsidiaries have a substantial amount of NOLs and other tax attributes, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, that are available both currently and in the future to offset taxable income and gains. Events outside of our control may cause RGA (and, consequently, its subsidiaries) to experience an “ownership change” under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and the related Treasury regulations, and limit the ability of RGA and its subsidiaries to utilize fully such NOLs and other tax attributes. Moreover, the MetLife split-off increased the likelihood of RGA experiencing such an ownership change.
     In general, an ownership change occurs when, as of any testing date, the percentage of stock of a corporation owned by one or more “5-percent shareholders,” as defined in the Internal Revenue Code and the related Treasury regulations, has increased by more than 50 percentage points over the lowest percentage of stock of the corporation owned by such shareholders at any time during the three-year period preceding such date. In general, persons who own 5% or more (by value) of a corporation’s stock are 5-percent shareholders, and all other persons who own less than 5% (by value) of a corporation’s stock are treated, together, as a single, public group 5-percent shareholder, regardless of whether they own an aggregate of 5% or more (by value) of a corporation’s stock. If a corporation experiences an ownership change, it is generally subject to an annual limitation, which limits its ability to use its NOLs and other tax attributes to an amount equal to the equity value of the corporation multiplied by the federal long-term tax-exempt rate.
     If we were to experience an ownership change, we could potentially have in the future higher U.S. federal income tax liabilities than we would otherwise have had and it may also result in certain other adverse consequences to RGA. In this connection, we have adopted the Section 382 shareholder rights plan and the acquisition restrictions set forth in Article Fourteen to our articles of incorporation, in order to reduce the likelihood that RGA and its subsidiaries will experience an ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. There can be no assurance, however, that these efforts will prevent the MetLife split-off, together with certain other transactions involving our stock, from causing us to experience an ownership change and the adverse consequences that may arise therefrom, as described above under “— The acquisition restrictions contained in our articles of incorporation and our Section 382 shareholder rights plan, which are intended to help preserve RGA and its subsidiaries’ NOLs and other tax attributes, may not be effective or may have unintended negative effects.”
Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
     The Company has no unresolved staff comments from the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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Item 2. PROPERTIES
     The Company leases its headquarters facility in Chesterfield, Missouri, which consists of approximately 185,501 square feet. In addition, the Company leases approximately 320,510 square feet of office space in 27 locations throughout the U.S., Canada, Europe, South Africa, and the Asia Pacific region.
     Most of the Company’s leases in the U.S. and other countries have lease terms of three to five years, although some leases have terms of up to 10 years. As provided in Note 12 — “Lease Commitments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the rental expense on operating leases for office space and equipment totaled $17.1 million for 2010.
     The Company believes its facilities have been generally well maintained and are in good operating condition. The Company believes the facilities are sufficient for its current and projected future requirements.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
     The Company is subject to litigation in the normal course of its business. The Company currently has no material litigation. A legal reserve is established when the Company is notified of an arbitration demand or litigation or is notified that an arbitration demand or litigation is imminent, it is probable that the Company will incur a loss as a result and the amount of the probable loss is reasonably capable of being estimated. However, if such material litigation did arise, it is possible that an adverse outcome on any particular arbitration or litigation situation could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position and/or net income in a particular reporting period.
Item 4. [REMOVED AND RESERVED]
PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
     Information about the market price of the Company’s common equity, dividends and related stockholder matters is contained in Item 8 under the caption “Quarterly Data (Unaudited)” and in Item 1 under the caption Regulation — “Restrictions on Dividends and Distributions”. Additionally, insurance companies are subject to statutory regulations that restrict the payment of dividends. See Item 1 under the caption Regulation — “Restrictions on Dividends and Distributions”. See Item 8, Note 3 — “Stock Transactions” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding board approved stock repurchase plans.
     The following table summarizes information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Number of securities to	 	 	Weighted-average exercise	 	 	Number of securities	 	
 	 	be issued upon exercise	 	 	price of outstanding	 	 	remaining available for	 	
 	 	of outstanding options,	 	 	options, warrants and	 	 	future issuance under	 	
Plan Category	 	warrants and rights	 	 	rights	 	 	equity compensation plans	 	
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	 	 	4,121,556	(1)	 	$	41.91	(2) (3) 	 	 	995,137	(4) 	
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Total	 	 	4,121,556	(1) 	 	$	41.91	(2) (3) 	 	 	995,137	(4) 	

(1)	 	Includes the number of securities to be issued upon exercises under the following plans: Flexible Stock Plan - 4,068,858; Flexible Stock Plan for Directors — 15,000; and Phantom Stock Plan for Directors — 37,698.	
 	 	 	
(2)	 	Does not include 701,542 performance contingent units outstanding under the Flexible Stock Plan or 37,698 phantom units outstanding under the Phantom Stock Plan for Directors because those securities do not have an exercise price (i.e. a unit is a hypothetical share of Company common stock with a value equal to the fair market value of the common stock).	
 	 	 	
(3)	 	Reflects the blended weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options under the Flexible Stock Plan $41.96 and Flexible Stock Plan for Directors $30.60.	
 	 	 	
(4)	 	Includes the number of securities remaining available for future issuance under the following plans: Flexible Stock Plan — 897,111; Flexible Stock Plan for Directors — 80,053; and Phantom Stock Plan for Directors — 17,973.	
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     Set forth below is a graph for the Company’s common stock for the period beginning December 31, 2005 and ending December 31, 2010. The graph compares the cumulative total return on the Company’s common stock, based on the market price of the common stock and assuming reinvestment of dividends, with the cumulative total return of companies in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index and the Standard & Poor’s Insurance (Life/Health) Index. The indices are included for comparative purposes only. They do not necessarily reflect management’s opinion that such indices are an appropriate measure of the relative performance of the Company’s common stock, and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of future performance of the common stock.

 	 	Cumulative Total Return	 	
 	 	12/05	 	 	12/06	 	 	12/07	 	 	12/08	 	 	12/09	 	 	12/10	 	
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated	 	$	100.00	 	 	$	117.46	 	 	$	111.36	 	 	$	91.53	 	 	$	102.84	 	 	$	117.06	 	
S & P 500	 	 	100.00	 	 	 	115.79	 	 	 	122.16	 	 	 	76.96	 	 	 	97.33	 	 	 	111.99	 	
S & P Life & Health Insurance	 	 	100.00	 	 	 	116.51	 	 	 	129.33	 	 	 	66.84	 	 	 	77.25	 	 	 	96.76	 	
Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
     The selected financial data presented for, and as of the end of, each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2010, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. All amounts shown are in millions, except per share and operating data. The following data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Part II Item 8 and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations appearing in Part II Item 7.
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Selected Consolidated Financial and Operating Data
(in millions, except per share and operating data)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	As of or For the Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	 	2007	 	 	2006	 	
Income Statement Data	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net premiums	 	$	6,659.7	 	 	$	5,725.2	 	 	$	5,349.3	 	 	$	4,909.0	 	 	$	4,346.0	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	1,238.7	 	 	 	1,122.5	 	 	 	871.3	 	 	 	907.9	 	 	 	779.7	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	 	 	(31.9	)	 	 	(128.8	)	 	 	(113.3	)	 	 	(7.5	)	 	 	(1.1	)	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities transferred to (from) accumulated other comprehensive income	 	 	2.0	 	 	 	16.0	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Other investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	241.9	 	 	 	146.9	 	 	 	(533.9	)	 	 	(171.2	)	 	 	3.6	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	212.0	 	 	 	34.1	 	 	 	(647.2	)	 	 	(178.7	)	 	 	2.5	 	
Other revenues	 	 	151.3	 	 	 	185.0	 	 	 	107.8	 	 	 	80.2	 	 	 	65.5	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	 	8,261.7	 	 	 	7,066.8	 	 	 	5,681.2	 	 	 	5,718.4	 	 	 	5,193.7	 	

Benefits and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Claims and other policy benefits	 	 	5,547.1	 	 	 	4,819.4	 	 	 	4,461.9	 	 	 	3,984.0	 	 	 	3,488.4	 	
Interest credited	 	 	310.0	 	 	 	323.7	 	 	 	233.2	 	 	 	246.1	 	 	 	244.8	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	1,080.0	 	 	 	958.3	 	 	 	357.9	 	 	 	647.8	 	 	 	716.3	 	
Other operating expenses	 	 	362.0	 	 	 	294.9	 	 	 	242.9	 	 	 	236.7	 	 	 	204.4	 	
Interest expense	 	 	91.0	 	 	 	69.9	 	 	 	76.2	 	 	 	76.9	 	 	 	62.0	 	
Collateral finance facility expense	 	 	7.8	 	 	 	8.3	 	 	 	28.7	 	 	 	52.0	 	 	 	26.4	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total benefits and expenses	 	 	7,397.9	 	 	 	6,474.5	 	 	 	5,400.8	 	 	 	5,243.5	 	 	 	4,742.3	 	

Income from continuing operations before income taxes	 	 	863.8	 	 	 	592.3	 	 	 	280.4	 	 	 	474.9	 	 	 	451.4	 	
Provision for income taxes	 	 	289.4	 	 	 	185.2	 	 	 	92.6	 	 	 	166.6	 	 	 	158.1	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations	 	 	574.4	 	 	 	407.1	 	 	 	187.8	 	 	 	308.3	 	 	 	293.3	 	
Loss from discontinued accident and health operations, net of income taxes	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(11.0	)	 	 	(14.5	)	 	 	(5.1	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	$	574.4	 	 	$	407.1	 	 	$	176.8	 	 	$	293.8	 	 	$	288.2	 	

Basic Earnings Per Share	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing operations	 	$	7.85	 	 	$	5.59	 	 	$	2.94	 	 	$	4.98	 	 	$	4.79	 	
Discontinued operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(0.17	)	 	 	(0.23	)	 	 	(0.08	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	 	$	7.85	 	 	$	5.59	 	 	$	2.77	 	 	$	4.75	 	 	$	4.71	 	

Diluted Earnings Per Share	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing operations	 	$	7.69	 	 	$	5.55	 	 	$	2.88	 	 	$	4.80	 	 	$	4.65	 	
Discontinued operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(0.17	)	 	 	(0.23	)	 	 	(0.08	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	 	$	7.69	 	 	$	5.55	 	 	$	2.71	 	 	$	4.57	 	 	$	4.57	 	

Weighted average diluted shares, in thousands	 	 	74,694	 	 	 	73,327	 	 	 	65,271	 	 	 	64,231	 	 	 	63,062	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Dividends per share on common stock	 	$	0.48	 	 	$	0.36	 	 	$	0.36	 	 	$	0.36	 	 	$	0.36	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance Sheet Data	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investments	 	$	22,666.6	 	 	$	19,224.1	 	 	$	15,610.7	 	 	$	16,397.7	 	 	$	14,612.9	 	
Total assets	 	 	29,081.9	 	 	 	25,249.5	 	 	 	21,658.8	 	 	 	21,598.0	 	 	 	19,036.8	 	
Policy liabilities	 	 	19,647.2	 	 	 	17,643.6	 	 	 	16,045.5	 	 	 	15,045.5	 	 	 	13,354.5	 	
Short-term debt	 	 	200.0	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	29.8	 	 	 	29.4	 	
Long-term debt	 	 	1,016.4	 	 	 	1,216.1	 	 	 	918.2	 	 	 	896.1	 	 	 	676.2	 	
Collateral finance facility	 	 	850.0	 	 	 	850.0	 	 	 	850.0	 	 	 	850.4	 	 	 	850.4	 	
Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust holding solely junior subordinated debentures of the Company	 	 	159.4	 	 	 	159.2	 	 	 	159.0	 	 	 	158.9	 	 	 	158.7	 	
Total stockholders’ equity	 	 	5,040.6	 	 	 	3,867.9	 	 	 	2,616.8	 	 	 	3,189.8	 	 	 	2,815.4	 	
Total stockholders’ equity per share	 	$	68.71	 	 	$	52.99	 	 	$	36.03	 	 	$	51.42	 	 	$	45.85	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating Data (in billions)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Assumed ordinary life reinsurance in force	 	$	2,540.3	 	 	$	2,325.1	 	 	$	2,108.1	 	 	$	2,119.9	 	 	$	1,941.4	 	
Assumed new business production	 	 	327.6	 	 	 	321.0	 	 	 	305.0	 	 	 	302.4	 	 	 	374.6	 	
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Item 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements
     This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 including, among others, statements relating to projections of the strategies, earnings, revenues, income or loss, ratios, future financial performance, and growth potential of the Company. The words “intend,” “expect,” “project,” “estimate,” “predict,” “anticipate,” “should,” “believe,” and other similar expressions also are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. Future events and actual results, performance, and achievements could differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by, or underlying the forward-looking statements.
     Numerous important factors could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements including, without limitation, (1) adverse capital and credit market conditions and their impact on the Company’s liquidity, access to capital and cost of capital, (2) the impairment of other financial institutions and its effect on the Company’s business, (3) requirements to post collateral or make payments due to declines in market value of assets subject to the Company’s collateral arrangements, (4) the fact that the determination of allowances and impairments taken on the Company’s investments is highly subjective, (5) adverse changes in mortality, morbidity, lapsation or claims experience, (6) changes in the Company’s financial strength and credit ratings and the effect of such changes on the Company’s future results of operations and financial condition, (7) inadequate risk analysis and underwriting, (8) general economic conditions or a prolonged economic downturn affecting the demand for insurance and reinsurance in the Company’s current and planned markets, (9) the availability and cost of collateral necessary for regulatory reserves and capital, (10) market or economic conditions that adversely affect the value of the Company’s investment securities or result in the impairment of all or a portion of the value of certain of the Company’s investment securities, that in turn could affect regulatory capital, (11) market or economic conditions that adversely affect the Company’s ability to make timely sales of investment securities, (12) risks inherent in the Company’s risk management and investment strategy, including changes in investment portfolio yields due to interest rate or credit quality changes, (13) fluctuations in U.S. or foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, or securities and real estate markets, (14) adverse litigation or arbitration results, (15) the adequacy of reserves, resources and accurate information relating to settlements, awards and terminated and discontinued lines of business, (16) the stability of and actions by governments and economies in the markets in which the Company operates, (17) competitive factors and competitors’ responses to the Company’s initiatives, (18) the success of the Company’s clients, (19) successful execution of the Company’s entry into new markets, (20) successful development and introduction of new products and distribution opportunities, (21) the Company’s ability to successfully integrate and operate reinsurance business that the Company acquires, (22) regulatory action that may be taken by state Departments of Insurance with respect to the Company, (23) the Company’s dependence on third parties, including those insurance companies and reinsurers to which the Company cedes some reinsurance, third-party investment managers and others, (24) the threat of natural disasters, catastrophes, terrorist attacks, epidemics or pandemics anywhere in the world where the Company or its clients do business, (25) changes in laws, regulations, and accounting standards applicable to the Company, its subsidiaries, or its business, (26) the effect of the Company’s status as an insurance holding company and regulatory restrictions on its ability to pay principal of and interest on its debt obligations, and (27) other risks and uncertainties described in this document and in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
     Forward-looking statements should be evaluated together with the many risks and uncertainties that affect the Company’s business, including those mentioned in this document and the cautionary statements described in the periodic reports the Company files with the SEC. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. The Company does not undertake any obligations to update these forward-looking statements, even though the Company’s situation may change in the future. The Company qualifies all of its forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. For a discussion of these risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements, you are advised to see Item 1A — “Risk Factors”.
Overview
     RGA is an insurance holding company that was formed on December 31, 1992. The consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of RGA, RGA Reinsurance, RGA Barbados, RGA Americas, RGA Canada, RGA Australia, RGA UK and RGA Atlantic as well as several other subsidiaries subject to an ownership position of greater than fifty percent (collectively, the “Company”).
     The Company is primarily engaged in traditional life and health for individual and group coverages, annuity, critical illness and financial reinsurance. RGA and its predecessor, the Reinsurance Division of General American, a Missouri life
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insurance company, have been engaged in the business of life reinsurance since 1973. Approximately 69.0% of the Company’s 2010 net premiums were from its operations in North America, represented by its U.S. and Canada segments.
     The Company derives revenues primarily from renewal premiums from existing reinsurance treaties, new business premiums from existing or new reinsurance treaties, income earned on invested assets, and fees earned from financial reinsurance transactions.
     The Company’s primary business is life reinsurance, which involves reinsuring life insurance policies that are often in force for the remaining lifetime of the underlying individuals insured, with premiums earned typically over a period of 10 to 30 years. Each year, however, a portion of the business under existing treaties terminates due to, among other things, lapses or voluntary surrenders of underlying policies, deaths of insureds, and the exercise of recapture options by ceding companies.
     As is customary in the reinsurance business, clients continually update, refine, and revise reinsurance information provided to the Company. Such revised information is used by the Company in preparation of its financial statements and the financial effects resulting from the incorporation of revised data are reflected in the current period.
     The Company’s long-term profitability primarily depends on the volume and amount of death claims incurred and the ability to adequately price the risks it assumes. While death claims are reasonably predictable over a period of many years, claims become less predictable over shorter periods and are subject to significant fluctuation from quarter to quarter and year to year. In the individual life markets, the Company retains a maximum of $8.0 million of coverage per individual life. In certain limited situations, due to the acquisition of in force blocks of business, the Company has retained more than $8.0 million per individual life. Claims in excess of this retention amount are retroceded to retrocessionaires; however, the Company remains fully liable to the ceding company for the entire amount of risk it assumes. The Company believes its sources of liquidity are sufficient to cover potential claims payments on both a short-term and long-term basis.
     The Company has five geographic-based or function-based operational segments, each of which is a distinct reportable segment: U.S., Canada, Europe & South Africa, Asia Pacific and Corporate and Other. The U.S. operations provide traditional life, long-term care, group life and health reinsurance, annuity and financial reinsurance products. The Canada operations provide insurers with reinsurance of traditional life products as well as creditor reinsurance, group life and health reinsurance, non-guaranteed critical illness products and longevity reinsurance. Europe & South Africa operations include traditional life reinsurance and critical illness business from Europe & South Africa, in addition to other markets the Company is developing. Asia Pacific operations provide primarily traditional and group life reinsurance, critical illness and, to a lesser extent, financial reinsurance. Corporate and Other includes results from, among others, RTP, a wholly-owned subsidiary that develops and markets technology solutions for the insurance industry and the investment income and expense associated with the Company’s collateral finance facility. Effective January 1, 2009, due to immateriality, the discontinued accident and health operations were included in the results of the Corporate and Other segment. The consolidated statement of income for 2008 reflects this line of business as a discontinued operation. More information about the Company’s discontinued accident and health division may be found in Note 21 — “Discontinued Operations” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company measures segment performance based on profit or loss from operations before income taxes.
     The Company allocates capital to its segments based on an internally developed economic capital model, the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic capital model considers the unique and specific nature of the risks inherent in RGA’s businesses. As a result of the economic capital allocation process, a portion of investment income and investment related gains and losses are credited to the segments based on the level of allocated capital. In addition, the segments are charged for excess capital utilized above the allocated economic capital basis. This charge is included in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses.
     The Company is one of the leading life reinsurers in North America based on premiums and the amount of life reinsurance in force. Based on an industry survey of 2009 information prepared by Munich American at the request of the Society of Actuaries Reinsurance Section (“SOA survey”), the Company has the second largest market share in North America as measured by life insurance in force. The Company’s approach to the North American market has been to:
 	•	 	focus on large, high quality life insurers as clients;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	provide quality facultative underwriting and automatic reinsurance capacity; and	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	deliver responsive and flexible service to its clients.	
     In 1994, the Company began using its North American underwriting expertise and industry knowledge to expand into international markets and now has subsidiaries, branches or representative offices in Australia, Barbados, Bermuda,
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China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan and the United Kingdom. The Company generally starts new operations from the ground up in these markets as opposed to acquiring existing operations, and it often enters these markets to support its North American clients as they expand internationally. Based on information from competitors’ annual reports, the Company believes it is the third largest life reinsurer in the world based on 2009 life reinsurance premiums. The Company conducts business with the majority of the largest U.S. and international life insurance companies. The Company has also developed its capacity and expertise in the reinsurance of asset-intensive products (primarily annuities and corporate-owned life insurance) and financial reinsurance.
Industry Trends
     The Company believes that the following trends in the life insurance industry will continue to create demand for life reinsurance.
Outsourcing of Mortality. The SOA survey indicates that U.S. life reinsurance in force has more than doubled from $3.2 trillion in 1999 to $8.9 trillion at year-end 2009. The Company believes this trend reflects the continued utilization by life insurance companies of reinsurance to manage capital and mortality risk and to develop competitive products. However, the survey results indicate a decline in the percentage of new business being reinsured in recent years, which has caused premium growth rates in the U.S. life reinsurance market to moderate. The Company believes the decline in new business being reinsured is likely a reaction by ceding companies to a broad-based increase in reinsurance rates in the market and stronger capital positions maintained by ceding companies in recent years. However, the Company believes reinsurers will continue to be an integral part of the life insurance market due to their ability to efficiently aggregate a significant volume of life insurance in force, creating economies of scale and greater diversification of risk. As a result of having larger amounts of data at their disposal compared to primary life insurance companies, reinsurers tend to have better insights into mortality trends, creating more efficient pricing for mortality risk.
Capital Management. Regulatory environments, rating agencies and competitive business pressures are causing life insurers to reinsure as a means to:
 	•	 	manage risk-based capital by shifting mortality and other risks to reinsurers, thereby reducing amounts of reserves and capital they need to maintain;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	release capital to pursue new business initiatives; and	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	unlock the capital supporting, and value embedded in, non-core product lines.	
Consolidation and Reorganization Within the Life Reinsurance and Life Insurance Industry. As a result of consolidations in recent years within the life reinsurance industry, there are fewer competitors. According to the SOA survey, as of December 31, 2009, the top five companies held approximately 70.3% of the market share in North America based on life reinsurance in force, whereas in 1999, the top five companies held approximately 56.8% of the market share. As a consequence, the Company believes the life reinsurance pricing environment will remain attractive for the remaining life reinsurers, particularly those with a significant market presence and strong ratings.
The SOA surveys indicate that the authors obtained information from participating or responding companies and do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of their information. Additionally, the surveys do not survey all reinsurance companies, but the Company believes most of its principal competitors are included. While the Company believes these surveys to be generally reliable, the Company has not independently verified their data.
Additionally, merger and acquisition transactions within the life insurance industry continue. The Company believes that reorganizations and consolidations of life insurers will continue. As reinsurance services are increasingly used to facilitate these transactions and manage risk, the Company expects demand for its products to continue.
Changing Demographics of Insured Populations. The aging of the population in North America is increasing demand for financial products among “baby boomers” who are concerned about protecting their peak income stream and are considering retirement and estate planning. The Company believes that this trend is likely to result in continuing demand for annuity products and life insurance policies, larger face amounts of life insurance policies and higher mortality risk taken by life insurers, all of which should fuel the need for insurers to seek reinsurance coverage.
The Company continues to follow a two-part business strategy to capitalize on industry trends.
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Continue Growth of North American Business. The Company’s strategy includes continuing to grow each of the following components of its North American operations:
 	•	 	Facultative Reinsurance. Based on discussions with the Company’s clients, an industry survey and informal knowledge about the industry, the Company believes it is a leader in facultative underwriting in North America. The Company intends to maintain that status by emphasizing its underwriting standards, prompt response on quotes, competitive pricing, capacity and flexibility in meeting customer needs. The Company believes its facultative business has allowed it to develop close, long-standing client relationships and generate additional business opportunities with its facultative clients. Since 2007, the Company’s U.S. facultative operation has processed over 100,000 facultative submissions annually.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Automatic Reinsurance. The Company intends to expand its presence in the North American automatic reinsurance market by using its mortality expertise and breadth of products and services to gain additional market share.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	In Force Block Reinsurance. There are occasions to grow the business by reinsuring in force blocks, as insurers and reinsurers seek to exit various non-core businesses and increase financial flexibility in order to, among other things, redeploy capital and pursue merger and acquisition activity.	
Continue Expansion Into Selected Markets and Products. The Company’s strategy includes building upon the expertise and relationships developed in its North American business platform to continue its expansion into selected markets and products, including:
 	•	 	International Markets. Management believes that international markets offer opportunities for growth, and the Company intends to capitalize on these opportunities by establishing a presence in selected markets. Since 1994, the Company has entered new markets internationally, including, in the mid-to-late 1990’s, Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan and the UK, and beginning in 2002, China, India and South Korea. The Company received regulatory approval to open a representative office in China in 2005, opened representative offices in Poland and Germany in 2006, opened new offices in France and Italy in 2007 and opened a representative office in the Netherlands in 2009. Before entering new markets, the Company evaluates several factors including:	

 	•	 	the size of the insured population,	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	competition,	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	the level of reinsurance penetration,	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	regulation,	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	existing clients with a presence in the market, and	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	the economic, social and political environment.	

 	 	 	As previously indicated, the Company generally starts new operations in these markets from the ground up as opposed to acquiring existing operations, and it often enters these markets to support its large international clients as they expand into additional markets. Many of the markets that the Company has entered since 1994, or may enter in the future, are not utilizing life reinsurance, including facultative life reinsurance, at the same levels as the North American market, and therefore, the Company believes these markets represent opportunities for increasing reinsurance penetration. In particular, management believes markets such as Japan and South Korea are beginning to realize the benefits that reinsurers bring to the life insurance market. Additionally, the Company believes that in certain European markets, ceding companies may want to reduce counterparty exposure to their existing life reinsurers, creating opportunities for the Company.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Asset intensive and Other Products. The Company intends to continue leveraging its existing client relationships and reinsurance expertise to create customized reinsurance products and solutions. Industry trends, particularly the increased pace of consolidation and reorganization among life insurance companies and changes in products and product distribution, are expected to enhance existing opportunities for asset intensive and other products. The Company began reinsuring annuities with guaranteed minimum benefits on a limited basis in 2007. To date, most of the Company’s asset-intensive business and other products have been written in the U.S.; however, the Company believes opportunities outside of the U.S. may further develop in the near future, particularly in Japan. The Company also provides longevity reinsurance in the	
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 	 	 	UK and Canada, and in 2008 entered the U.S. healthcare reinsurance market with a primary focus on long-term care and Medicare supplement insurance. In 2010, the Company expanded into the group reinsurance market in North America with the acquisition of Reliastar Life Insurance Company’s U.S. and Canadian operations. See Note 22 — “Business Acquisition” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the acquisition.	
Results of Operations
Consolidated
     Consolidated income from continuing operations increased $167.3 million, or 41.1%, and $219.3 million, or 116.7%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations were $7.69 in 2010 compared to $5.55 in 2009 and $2.88 in 2008. The increase in income in 2010 is primarily due to a decrease in investment impairments, increased net premiums and investment income, partially offset by the recognition of a gain on the repurchase of long-term debt of $38.9 million, recorded in other revenues in 2009. The increase in income in 2009 compared to 2008 was primarily due to a favorable change in the fair value of embedded derivatives within the U.S. segment due to the impact of tightening credit spreads in the U.S. debt markets. Also contributing to the favorable results were increased net premiums and investment income and the aforementioned gain on the repurchase of long-term debt of $38.9 million, recorded in other revenues. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in an increase to income from continuing operations of approximately $20.5 million in 2010 and a decrease of approximately $8.7 million in 2009.
     The Company recognizes in consolidated income from continuing operations, changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives on modified coinsurance or funds withheld treaties, equity-indexed annuity treaties (“EIAs”) and variable annuity products. The change in the value of embedded derivatives related to reinsurance treaties written on a modified coinsurance or funds withheld basis are subject to the general accounting principles for  Derivatives and Hedging  related to embedded derivatives. The unrealized gains and losses associated with these embedded derivatives, after adjustment for deferred acquisition costs, had a favorable effect on income from continuing operations of $7.3 million and $139.2 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively, as compared to the prior years. Changes in risk-free rates used in the fair value estimates of embedded derivatives associated with EIAs affect the amount of unrealized gains and losses the Company recognizes. The unrealized gains and losses associated with EIAs, after adjustment for deferred acquisition costs and retrocession, affected income from continuing operations unfavorably by $5.6 million in 2010 and favorably by $11.6 million in 2009, respectively, as compared to the prior years. The change in the Company’s liability for variable annuities associated with guaranteed minimum living benefits affects the amount of unrealized gains and losses the Company recognizes. The unrealized gains and losses associated with guaranteed minimum living benefits, after adjustment for deferred acquisition costs, affected income from continuing operations favorably by $32.2 million in 2010 and unfavorably by $30.5 million in 2009, respectively, as compared to the prior years.
     The combined changes in these three types of embedded derivatives, after adjustment for deferred acquisition costs and retrocession, resulted in an increase of approximately $33.9 million and $120.4 million in consolidated income from continuing operations in 2010 and 2009, respectively, as compared to the prior years. These fluctuations do not affect current cash flows, crediting rates or spread performance on the underlying treaties. Therefore, management believes it is helpful to distinguish between the effects of changes in these embedded derivatives and the primary factors that drive profitability of the underlying treaties, namely investment income, fee income, and interest credited.
     Consolidated net premiums increased $934.5 million, or 16.3%, and $375.9 million, or 7.0%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively, due to growth in life reinsurance in force and the acquisition of Reliastar Life Insurance Company’s group life and health reinsurance business, effective January 1, 2010. Foreign currency fluctuations relative to the prior year favorably affected net premiums by approximately $183.8 million in 2010 and unfavorably by approximately $207.6 in 2009. Consolidated assumed insurance in force was $2.5 trillion, $2.3 trillion and $2.1 trillion as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The Company added new business production, measured by face amount of insurance in force, of $327.6 billion, $321.0 billion and $305.0 billion during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Management believes industry consolidation and the established practice of reinsuring mortality risks should continue to provide opportunities for growth, albeit at rates less than historically experienced in some markets.
Consolidated investment income, net of related expenses, increased $116.2 million, or 10.4%, and $251.2 million, or 28.8%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increases in investment income in 2010 and 2009 reflect a larger average invested asset base offset in part by a lower effective investment portfolio yield. Market value changes related to the Company’s funds withheld at interest investment associated with the reinsurance of certain EIAs affected investment income unfavorably by $30.2 million in 2010 and favorably by $166.2 million in 2009, respectively, as compared to the prior years. The effect on investment income of the EIAs market value changes is substantially offset by a corresponding change in interest credited to
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policyholder account balances. Average invested assets at amortized cost, excluding funds withheld, totaled $15.3 billion, $13.0 billion and $11.7 billion in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The average yield earned on investments, excluding funds withheld, was 5.62%, 5.75% and 6.02% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The average yield will vary from year to year depending on a number of variables, including the prevailing interest rate and credit spread environment, changes in the mix of the underlying investments and cash balances, and the timing of dividends and distributions on certain investments. A continued low interest rate environment in the U.S. is expected to put downward pressure on this yield in future reporting periods.
     Total investment related gains (losses), net improved by $177.9 million and $681.4 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The improvement in 2010 is primarily due to an increase in net hedging gains related to the liabilities associated with guaranteed minimum living benefits of $246.5 million, favorable changes in the value of embedded derivatives associated with reinsurance treaties written on a modified coinsurance or funds withheld basis of $81.9 million, a decrease in investment impairments, net of non-credit related adjustments, of $82.9 million, largely offset by unfavorable changes in the embedded derivatives related to guaranteed minimum living benefits of $281.5 million. The improvement in 2009 is due to favorable changes in the value of embedded derivatives associated with reinsurance treaties written on a modified coinsurance or funds withheld basis of $506.2 million and guaranteed minimum living benefits of $520.2 million partially offset by an increase in net hedging losses related to the liabilities associated with guaranteed minimum living benefits of $392.3 million. See Note 4 — “Investments” and Note 5 — “Derivative Instruments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the impairment losses and derivatives. Investment income and investment related gains and losses are allocated to the operating segments based upon average assets and related capital levels deemed appropriate to support segment operations.
Critical Accounting Policies
     The Company’s accounting policies are described in Note 2 — “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company believes its most critical accounting policies include the capitalization and amortization of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”); the establishment of liabilities for future policy benefits, other policy claims and benefits, including incurred but not reported claims; the valuation of fixed maturity investments and investment impairments, if any; the valuation of embedded derivatives; accounting for income taxes; and the establishment of arbitration or litigation reserves. The balances of these accounts require extensive use of assumptions and estimates, particularly related to the future performance of the underlying business.
     Additionally, for each reinsurance contract, the Company must determine if the contract provides indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk, in accordance with applicable accounting standards. The Company must review all contractual features, particularly those that may limit the amount of insurance risk to which the Company is subject or features that delay the timely reimbursement of claims. If the Company determines that the possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk will occur only under remote circumstances, it records the contract under a deposit method of accounting with the net amount receivable or payable reflected in premiums receivable and other reinsurance balances or other reinsurance liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Fees earned on the contracts are reflected as other revenues, as opposed to net premiums, on the consolidated statements of income.
     Differences in experience compared with the assumptions and estimates utilized in the justification of the recoverability of DAC, in establishing reserves for future policy benefits and claim liabilities, or in the determination of other-than-temporary impairments to investment securities can have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.
Deferred Acquisition Costs (“DAC”)
     Costs of acquiring new business, which vary with and are primarily related to the production of new business, have been deferred to the extent that such costs are deemed recoverable from future premiums or gross profits. DAC amounts reflect the Company’s expectations about the future experience of the business in force and include commissions and allowances as well as certain costs of policy issuance and underwriting. Some of the factors that can affect the carrying value of DAC include mortality assumptions, interest spreads and policy lapse rates. For traditional life and related coverages, the Company’s policy is to perform tests, at least annually, to determine that DAC remains recoverable at all times, including at issue. As part of the testing the cumulative amortization is re-estimated and, if necessary, adjusted by a cumulative charge to current operations. For its asset-intensive business, the Company updates the estimated gross profits with actual gross profits each reporting period, resulting in an increase or decrease to DAC to reflect the difference in the actual gross profits versus the previously estimated gross profits. As a result of recoverability testing for new business issues, a charge of approximately $7.7 million to current operations was recorded for in the Asset Intensive sub-segment in 2009 with projected revenue deemed insufficient to cover future benefits and expenses. As of December 31, 2010, the Company estimates that
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approximately 90.9% of its DAC balance is collateralized by surrender fees due to the Company and the reduction of policy liabilities, in excess of termination values, upon surrender or lapse of a policy.
Liabilities for Future Policy Benefits and Other Policy Liabilities
     Liabilities for future policy benefits under long-term life insurance policies (policy reserves) are computed based upon expected investment yields, mortality and withdrawal (lapse) rates, and other assumptions, including a provision for adverse deviation from expected claim levels. The Company primarily relies on its own valuation and administration systems to establish policy reserves. The policy reserves the Company establishes may differ from those established by the ceding companies due to the use of different mortality and other assumptions. However, the Company relies upon its ceding company clients to provide accurate data, including policy-level information, premiums and claims, which is the primary information used to establish reserves. The Company’s administration departments work directly with its clients to help ensure information is submitted by them in accordance with the reinsurance contracts. Additionally, the Company performs periodic audits of the information provided by ceding companies. The Company establishes reserves for processing backlogs with a goal of clearing all backlogs within a ninety-day period. The backlogs are usually due to data errors the Company discovers or computer file compatibility issues, since much of the data reported to the Company is in electronic format and is uploaded to its computer systems.
     The Company periodically reviews actual historical experience and relative anticipated experience compared to the assumptions used to establish aggregate policy reserves. Further, the Company establishes premium deficiency reserves if actual and anticipated experience indicates that existing aggregate policy reserves, together with the present value of future gross premiums, are not sufficient to cover the present value of future benefits, settlement and maintenance costs and to recover unamortized acquisition costs. The premium deficiency reserve is established through a charge to income, as well as a reduction to unamortized acquisition costs and, to the extent there are no unamortized acquisition costs, an increase to future policy benefits. Because of the many assumptions and estimates used in establishing reserves and the long-term nature of the Company’s reinsurance contracts, the reserving process, while based on actuarial science, is inherently uncertain. If the Company’s assumptions, particularly on mortality, are inaccurate, its reserves may be inadequate to pay claims and there could be a material adverse effect on its results of operations and financial condition.
     Other policy claims and benefits include claims payable for incurred but not reported losses, which are determined using case-basis estimates and lag studies of past experience. These estimates are periodically reviewed and any adjustments to such estimates, if necessary, are reflected in current operations. The time lag from the date of the claim or death to the date when the ceding company reports the claim to the Company can be several months and can vary significantly by ceding company and business segment. The Company updates its analysis of incurred but not reported claims, including lag studies, on a periodic basis and adjusts its claim liabilities accordingly. The adjustments in a given period are generally not significant relative to the overall policy liabilities.
Valuation of Fixed Maturity Securities
     The Company primarily invests in fixed maturity securities, including bonds and redeemable preferred stocks. These securities are classified as available-for-sale and accordingly are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. The difference between amortized cost and fair value is reflected as an unrealized gain or loss, less applicable deferred taxes as well as related adjustments to deferred acquisition costs, if applicable, in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) in stockholders’ equity. The determinations of fair value may require extensive use of assumptions and inputs. In addition, other-than-temporary impairment losses related to non-credit factors are recognized in AOCI.
     The Company performs regular analysis and review of the various techniques, assumptions and inputs utilized in determining fair value to ensure that the valuation approaches utilized are appropriate and consistently applied, and that the various assumptions are reasonable. The Company also utilizes information from third parties, such as pricing services and brokers, to assist in determining fair values for certain assets and liabilities; however, management is ultimately responsible for all fair values presented in the Company’s financial statements. The Company performs analysis and review of the information and prices received from third parties to ensure that the prices represent a reasonable estimate of the fair value. This process involves quantitative and qualitative analysis and is overseen by the Company’s investment and accounting personnel. Examples of procedures performed include, but are not limited to, initial and ongoing review of third party pricing services and techniques, review of pricing trends and monitoring of recent trade information. In addition, the Company utilizes both internal and external cash flow models to analyze the reasonableness of fair values utilizing credit spread and other market assumptions, where appropriate. As a result of the analysis, if the Company determines there is a more appropriate fair value based upon the available market data, the price received from the third party is adjusted accordingly.
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     When available, fair values are based on quoted prices in active markets that are regularly and readily obtainable. Generally, these are very liquid investments and the valuation does not require management judgment. When quoted prices in active markets are not available, fair value is based on market standard valuation techniques, primarily a combination of a market approach, including matrix pricing and an income approach. The assumptions and inputs used by management in applying these techniques include, but are not limited to: interest rates, credit standing of the issuer or counterparty, industry sector of the issuer, coupon rate, call provisions, sinking fund requirements, maturity, estimated duration and assumptions regarding liquidity and future cash flows.
     The significant inputs to the market standard valuation techniques for certain types of securities with reasonable levels of price transparency are inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Such observable inputs include benchmarking prices for similar assets in active, liquid markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active and observable yields and spreads in the market.
     When observable inputs are not available, the market standard valuation techniques for determining the estimated fair value of certain types of securities that trade infrequently, and therefore have little or no price transparency, rely on inputs that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. These unobservable inputs can be based in large part on management judgment or estimation, and cannot be supported by reference to market activity. Even though unobservable, these inputs are based on assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances and are believed to be consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing such securities.
     The use of different techniques, assumptions and inputs may have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the Company’s securities holdings.
     Additionally, the Company evaluates its intent to sell fixed maturity securities and whether it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell fixed maturity securities, along with factors such as the financial condition of the issuer, payment performance, the extent to which the market value has been below amortized cost, compliance with covenants, general market and industry sector conditions, and various other factors. Securities, based on management’s judgments, with an other-than-temporary impairment in value are written down to management’s estimate of fair value.
Valuation of Embedded Derivatives
     The Company reinsures certain annuity products that contain terms that are deemed to be embedded derivatives, primarily equity-indexed annuities and variable annuities with guaranteed minimum benefits. The Company assesses each identified embedded derivative to determine whether it is required to be bifurcated under the general accounting principles for  Derivatives and Hedging . If the instrument would not be reported in its entirety at fair value and it is determined that the terms of the embedded derivative are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract, and that a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is bifurcated from the host contract and reported separately. Such embedded derivatives are carried on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value with the host contract.
     The valuation of the various embedded derivatives requires complex calculations based on actuarial and capital markets inputs and assumptions related to estimates of future cash flows. Such assumptions include, but are not limited to, equity market performance, equity market volatility, interest rates, credit spreads, benefits and related contract charges, mortality, lapses, withdrawals, benefit selections and non-performance risk. These assumptions have a significant impact on the value of the embedded derivatives. For example, independent future decreases in equity market returns, future decreases in interest rates and future increases in equity market volatilities would increase the value of the embedded liability derivative associated with guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits on variable annuities at December 31, 2010, resulting in an increase in investment related losses. See “Market Risk” disclosures in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional information.
     Additionally, reinsurance treaties written on a modified coinsurance or funds withheld basis are subject to the general accounting principles for  Derivatives and Hedging  related to embedded derivatives. The majority of the Company’s funds withheld at interest balances are associated with its reinsurance of annuity contracts, the majority of which are subject to the general accounting principles for  Derivatives and Hedging  related to embedded derivatives. Management believes the embedded derivative feature in each of these reinsurance treaties is similar to a total return swap on the assets held by the ceding companies. The valuation of these embedded derivatives is sensitive to the credit spread environment. Decreases or increases in credit spreads result in an increase or decrease in value of the embedded derivative and therefore an increase in investment related gains or losses, respectively. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for the U.S. Asset-Intensive Segment for additional information.
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Income Taxes
     The Company provides for federal, state and foreign income taxes currently payable, as well as those deferred due to temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The Company’s accounting for income taxes represents management’s best estimate of various events and transactions.
     Deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities are measured at the balance sheet date using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years the temporary differences are expected to reverse.
     The realization of deferred tax assets depends upon the existence of sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods under the tax law in the applicable tax jurisdiction. The Company has significant deferred tax assets related to net operating and capital losses. Most of the Company’s exposure related to its deferred tax assets are within legal entities that file a consolidated United States federal income tax return. The Company has projected its ability to utilize its United States net operating losses and has determined that all of these losses are expected to be utilized prior to their expiration. The Company has also done extensive analysis of its capital losses and has determined that sufficient unrealized capital gains exist within its investment portfolios that should offset any capital loss realized. It is also the Company’s intention to hold all unrealized loss securities until maturity or until their market value recovers. However, future unforeseen circumstances could create a situation in which the Company would prematurely sell securities in an unrealized loss position.
     The Company will establish a valuation allowance when management determines, based on available information, that it is more likely than not that deferred income tax assets will not be realized. Significant judgment is required in determining whether valuation allowances should be established as well as the amount of such allowances. When making such determination, consideration is given to, among other things, the following:
(i)	 	future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards;	
 	 	 	
(ii)	 	future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences; (iii) taxable income in prior carryback years; and	
 	 	 	
(iv)	 	tax planning strategies.	
     The Company may be required to change its provision for income taxes in certain circumstances. Examples of such circumstances include when the ultimate deductibility of certain items for which there is no tax reserve are challenged by taxing authorities, when previous positions for which the Company reserved are effectively settled, when estimates used in determining valuation allowances on deferred tax assets significantly change or when receipt of new information indicates the need for adjustment in valuation allowances. Additionally, future events such as changes in tax legislation could have an impact on the provision for income tax and the effective tax rate. Any such changes could significantly affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements in the year these changes occur.
Arbitration and Litigation Reserves
     The Company at times is a party to various litigation and arbitrations. The Company cannot predict or determine the ultimate outcome of any pending litigation or arbitrations or even provide useful ranges of potential losses. A legal reserve is established when the Company is notified of an arbitration demand or litigation or is notified that an arbitration demand or litigation is imminent, it is probable that the Company will incur a loss as a result and the amount of the probable loss is reasonably capable of being estimated. However, it is possible that an adverse outcome on any particular arbitration or litigation situation could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position and/or net income in a particular reporting period.
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U.S. Operations
     U.S. operations consist of two major sub-segments: Traditional and Non-Traditional. The Traditional sub-segment primarily specializes in individual mortality-risk reinsurance and to a lesser extent, group, health and long-term care reinsurance. The Non-Traditional sub-segment consists of Asset-Intensive and Financial Reinsurance.
For the year ended December 31, 2010
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Non-Traditional	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Financial	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Traditional	 	 	Asset-Intensive	 	 	Reinsurance	 	 	Total U.S.	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net premiums	 	$	3,775,951	 	 	$	21,130	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	3,797,081	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	476,111	 	 	 	384,900	 	 	 	273	 	 	 	861,284	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	 	 	(6,200	)	 	 	(4,387	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(10,587	)	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities transferred to (from) accumulated other comprehensive income	 	 	620	 	 	 	(34	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	586	 	
Other investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	30,404	 	 	 	171,332	 	 	 	(86	)	 	 	201,650	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	24,824	 	 	 	166,911	 	 	 	(86	)	 	 	191,649	 	
Other revenues	 	 	1,720	 	 	 	86,598	 	 	 	23,507	 	 	 	111,825	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	 	4,278,606	 	 	 	659,539	 	 	 	23,694	 	 	 	4,961,839	 	

Benefits and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Claims and other policy benefits	 	 	3,214,336	 	 	 	15,273	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	3,229,609	 	
Interest credited	 	 	64,472	 	 	 	245,496	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	309,968	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	530,826	 	 	 	256,095	 	 	 	2,014	 	 	 	788,935	 	
Other operating expenses	 	 	78,917	 	 	 	10,797	 	 	 	4,223	 	 	 	93,937	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total benefits and expenses	 	 	3,888,551	 	 	 	527,661	 	 	 	6,237	 	 	 	4,422,449	 	

Income before income taxes	 	$	390,055	 	 	$	131,878	 	 	$	17,457	 	 	$	539,390	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
For the year ended December 31, 2009
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Non-Traditional	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Financial	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Traditional	 	 	Asset-Intensive	 	 	Reinsurance	 	 	Total U.S.	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net premiums	 	$	3,313,864	 	 	$	6,859	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	3,320,723	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	428,541	 	 	 	386,642	 	 	 	(286	)	 	 	814,897	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	 	 	(88,352	)	 	 	(7,917	)	 	 	(225	)	 	 	(96,494	)	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities transferred to (from) accumulated other comprehensive income	 	 	15,040	 	 	 	557	 	 	 	35	 	 	 	15,632	 	
Other investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(10,572	)	 	 	117,001	 	 	 	288	 	 	 	106,717	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(83,884	)	 	 	109,641	 	 	 	98	 	 	 	25,855	 	
Other revenues	 	 	3,197	 	 	 	70,566	 	 	 	20,296	 	 	 	94,059	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	 	3,661,718	 	 	 	573,708	 	 	 	20,108	 	 	 	4,255,534	 	

Benefits and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Claims and other policy benefits	 	 	2,837,808	 	 	 	6,971	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,844,779	 	
Interest credited	 	 	63,178	 	 	 	260,364	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	323,542	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	450,358	 	 	 	259,112	 	 	 	1,188	 	 	 	710,658	 	
Other operating expenses	 	 	54,651	 	 	 	10,176	 	 	 	3,010	 	 	 	67,837	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total benefits and expenses	 	 	3,405,995	 	 	 	536,623	 	 	 	4,198	 	 	 	3,946,816	 	

Income before income taxes	 	$	255,723	 	 	$	37,085	 	 	$	15,910	 	 	$	308,718	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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For the year ended December 31, 2008
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Non-Traditional	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Financial	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Traditional	 	 	Asset-Intensive	 	 	Reinsurance	 	 	Total U.S.	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net premiums	 	$	3,093,074	 	 	$	6,558	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	3,099,632	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	394,917	 	 	 	176,106	 	 	 	588	 	 	 	571,611	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	 	 	(69,050	)	 	 	(8,422	)	 	 	(486	)	 	 	(77,958	)	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities transferred to (from) accumulated other comprehensive income	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Other investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(2,854	)	 	 	(514,976	)	 	 	237	 	 	 	(517,593	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(71,904	)	 	 	(523,398	)	 	 	(249	)	 	 	(595,551	)	
Other revenues	 	 	377	 	 	 	56,775	 	 	 	15,280	 	 	 	72,432	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	 	3,416,464	 	 	 	(283,959	)	 	 	15,619	 	 	 	3,148,124	 	

Benefits and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Claims and other policy benefits	 	 	2,661,963	 	 	 	11,241	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,673,204	 	
Interest credited	 	 	60,448	 	 	 	172,366	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	232,814	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses (income)	 	 	415,117	 	 	 	(298,810	)	 	 	1,041	 	 	 	117,348	 	
Other operating expenses	 	 	47,943	 	 	 	7,990	 	 	 	2,737	 	 	 	58,670	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total benefits and expenses	 	 	3,185,471	 	 	 	(107,213	)	 	 	3,778	 	 	 	3,082,036	 	

Income (loss) before income taxes	 	$	230,993	 	 	$	(176,746	)	 	$	11,841	 	 	$	66,088	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     Income before income taxes for the U.S. operations segment increased by $230.7 million, or 74.7%, and $242.6 million, or 367.1%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in income before income taxes in 2010 was largely due to a reduction in investment impairments compared to 2009 and the acquisition of the Reliastar Life Insurance Company’s group life and health reinsurance business, effective January 1, 2010. Also contributing to the increase in income before income taxes in 2010 and 2009 is the favorable impact of changes in credit spreads on the fair value of embedded derivatives associated with treaties written on a modified coinsurance or funds withheld basis. Decreases or increases in credit spreads result in an increase or decrease in value of the embedded derivative, and therefore, an increase or decrease in investment related gains or losses, respectively. In addition, higher than expected claims experience in the Traditional sub-segment adversely affected income before income taxes in 2009 and 2008.
Traditional Reinsurance
     The U.S. Traditional sub-segment provides life and health reinsurance to domestic clients for a variety of products through yearly renewable term, coinsurance and modified coinsurance agreements. These reinsurance arrangements may involve either facultative or automatic agreements. This sub-segment added new business production, measured by face amount of insurance in force, of $141.2 billion, $135.0 billion and $134.4 billion during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Management believes industry consolidation and the established practice of reinsuring mortality risks should continue to provide opportunities for growth, albeit at rates less than historically experienced.
     Income before income taxes for the U.S. Traditional sub-segment increased by $134.3 million, or 52.5%, and $24.7 million, or 10.7% in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in income before income taxes in 2010 was primarily due to an increase in net investment related gains of $108.7 million and income generated from the newly acquired group life and health business as compared to 2009. The increase in 2009 was primarily driven by an increase in business and slightly better mortality experience as compared to 2008, partially offset by increased investment related losses in 2009.
     Net premiums for the U.S. Traditional sub-segment grew $462.1 million, or 13.9%, and $220.8 million, or 7.1% in 2010 and 2009, respectively. These increases in net premiums were driven primarily by the growth of total U.S. Traditional business in force. Most notably was the acquisition of Reliastar Life Insurance Company’s group life and health reinsurance business, which contributed $286.6 million of premium, in 2010. Total face amount of business in force was $1,334.8 million, $1,285.5 million and $1,269.0 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and 2008, respectively.
     Net investment income increased $47.6 million, or 11.1%, and $33.6 million, or 8.5%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively, primarily due to growth in the average invested asset base of 15.8% and 7.5% in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Investment related losses decreased by $108.7 million and increased $12.0 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively, due primarily to the level of investment impairments associated with fixed maturity securities.
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     Investment income and investment related gains and losses are allocated to the various operating segments based on average assets and related capital levels deemed appropriate to support the segment business volumes. Investment performance varies with the composition of investments and the relative allocation of capital to the operating segments.
     Claims and other policy benefits as a percentage of net premiums (“loss ratios”) were 85.1%, 85.6% and 86.1% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Although reasonably predictable over a period of years, death claims can be volatile over shorter periods.
     Interest credited expense increased $1.3 million, or 2.0%, and $2.7 million, or 4.5%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The 2010 and 2009 increases are the result of one treaty that had a slight increase in its asset base with a credited loan rate that had remained constant at 5.6% since 2008, but decreased to 4.8% in the fourth quarter of 2010. Interest credited in this case relates to amounts credited on cash value products which also have a significant mortality component. Income before income taxes is affected by the spread between the investment income and the interest credited on the underlying products.
     Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums were 14.1%, 13.6% and 13.4% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Overall, while these ratios are expected to remain in a predictable range, they may fluctuate from period to period due to varying allowance levels within coinsurance-type arrangements. In addition, the amortization pattern of previously capitalized amounts, which are subject to the form of the reinsurance agreement and the underlying insurance policies, may vary. Also, the mix of first year coinsurance business versus yearly renewable term business can cause the percentage to fluctuate from period to period.
     Other operating expenses increased $24.3 million, or 44.4%, and increased $6.7 million, or 14.0% in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in expenses is primarily due to the acquisition of Reliastar Life Insurance Company’s group life and health reinsurance business. Other operating expenses, as a percentage of net premiums, were 2.1%, 1.6% and 1.6% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The expense ratio tends to fluctuate only slightly from period to period due to maturity and scale of this operation.
Asset-Intensive Reinsurance
     The U.S. Asset-Intensive sub-segment primarily assumes investment risk within underlying annuities and corporate-owned life insurance policies. These reinsurance agreements are mostly structured as coinsurance, coinsurance with funds withheld or modified coinsurance whereby the Company recognizes profits or losses primarily from the spread between the investment income earned and the interest credited on the underlying deposit liabilities.
Impact of certain derivatives:
     Income for the asset-intensive business tends to be volatile due to changes in the fair value of certain derivatives, including embedded derivatives associated with reinsurance treaties structured on a modified coinsurance (“Modco”) basis or funds withheld basis, as well as embedded derivatives associated with the Company’s reinsurance of equity-indexed annuities and variable annuities with guaranteed minimum benefit riders. The following table summarizes the asset-intensive results and quantifies the impact of these embedded derivatives for the periods presented.
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For the year ended December 31,
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	$	659,539	 	 	$	573,708	 	 	$	(283,959	)	
Less:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Embedded derivatives — Modco/Funds withheld treaties	 	 	160,274	 	 	 	78,394	 	 	 	(427,798	)	
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders and related free standing derivatives	 	 	3,912	 	 	 	38,911	 	 	 	(89,004	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues before certain derivatives	 	 	495,353	 	 	 	456,403	 	 	 	232,843	 	

Benefits and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total benefits and expenses	 	 	527,661	 	 	 	536,623	 	 	 	(107,213	)	
Less:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Embedded derivatives — Modco/Funds withheld treaties	 	 	115,920	 	 	 	45,254	 	 	 	(246,722	)	
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders and related free standing derivatives	 	 	5,935	 	 	 	76,858	 	 	 	(94,179	)	
Equity-indexed annuities	 	 	5,882	 	 	 	(2,659	)	 	 	15,207	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Benefits and expenses before certain derivatives	 	 	399,924	 	 	 	417,170	 	 	 	218,481	 	

Income (loss) before income taxes:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income (loss) before income taxes	 	 	131,878	 	 	 	37,085	 	 	 	(176,746	)	
Less:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Embedded derivatives — Modco/Funds withheld treaties	 	 	44,354	 	 	 	33,140	 	 	 	(181,076	)	
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders and related free standing derivatives	 	 	(2,023	)	 	 	(37,947	)	 	 	5,175	 	
Equity-indexed annuities	 	 	(5,882	)	 	 	2,659	 	 	 	(15,207	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income before income taxes and certain derivatives	 	 	95,429	 	 	 	39,233	 	 	 	14,362	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     Embedded Derivatives — Modco/Funds Withheld Treaties- Represents the change in the fair value of embedded derivatives on funds withheld at interest associated with treaties written on a modified coinsurance or funds withheld basis, allowing for deferred acquisition expenses. Changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative are driven by changes in investment credit spreads, including the Company’s own credit spread. Generally, an increase in investment credit spreads, ignoring changes in the Company’s own credit spread, will have a negative impact on the fair value of the embedded derivative (decrease in income).
     In 2010, the change in fair value of the embedded derivative increased revenues by $160.3 million and related deferred acquisition expenses increased benefits and expenses by $115.9 million, for a positive pre-tax income impact of $44.4 million, primarily due to a decrease in investment credit spreads. In 2009, the change in fair value of the embedded derivative increased revenues by $78.4 million, partially offset by the related deferred acquisition expenses of $45.3 million, for a positive pre-tax income impact of $33.1 million, primarily due to a decrease in investment credit spreads.
     Guaranteed Minimum Benefit Riders- Represents the impact related to guaranteed minimum benefits associated with the Company’s reinsurance of variable annuities. The fair value changes of the guaranteed minimum benefits along with the changes in fair value of the free standing derivatives purchased by the Company to hedge the liability are reflected in revenues, while the related impact on deferred acquisition expenses is reflected in expenses. In 2010, the change in the fair value of the guaranteed minimum benefits, after allowing for changes in the associated free standing derivatives, increased revenues by $3.9 million and related deferred acquisition expenses increased benefits and expenses by $5.9 million for a negative pre-tax income impact of $2.0 million. In 2009, the change in the fair value of the guaranteed minimum benefits, after allowing for changes in the associated free standing derivatives, increased revenues by $38.9 million and related deferred acquisition expenses increased benefits and expenses by $76.9 million for a negative pre-tax income impact of $38.0 million.
     Equity-Indexed Annuities- Represents the impact of changes in the risk-free rate on the calculation of the fair value of embedded derivative liabilities associated with equity-indexed annuities, after adjustments for related deferred acquisition expenses and retrocession. In 2010 and 2009, expenses increased $5.9 million and decreased $2.7 million respectively.
     The changes in derivatives discussed above are considered unrealized by management and do not affect current cash flows, crediting rates or spread performance on the underlying treaties. Fluctuations occur period to period primarily due to changing investment conditions including, but not limited to, interest rate movements (including risk-free rates and credit spreads), implied volatility and equity market performance, all of which are factors in the calculations of fair value. Therefore, management believes it is helpful to distinguish between the effects of changes in these derivatives and the primary factors that drive profitability of the underlying treaties, namely investment income, fee income (included in other revenues) and interest credited.
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Discussion and analysis before certain derivatives:
     The increase in income before income taxes and certain derivatives in 2010 of $56.2 million is primarily due to improvement in the broader U.S. financial markets and related favorable impacts on the underlying annuity account values. Also contributing to the positive variance was an increase in capital gains in both the funds withheld and coinsurance portfolios. These investment gains increased approximately $33.0 million, before deferred acquisition costs in 2010 as compared to 2009. The increase in income before taxes and certain derivatives in 2009 of $24.9 million is primarily due to improvement in the broader U.S. financial markets and related favorable impacts on the underlying annuity account values. In addition, investment related gains in funds withheld portfolios, included in investment income, increased $20.5 million before deferred acquisition costs. The increase in 2009 was partially offset by an $7.7 million increase in policy acquisition costs as a result of deferred acquisition costs recoverability testing of deferred acquisition costs for new business issues. Higher mortality and fee income earned on the variable annuity transactions also contributed to income in both 2010 and 2009.
     The increases of $39.0 million and $223.6 million in revenue before certain derivatives for 2010 and 2009 respectively, were driven by changes in investment income related to equity options held in a funds withheld portfolio associated with equity-indexed annuity treaties. Increases and decreases in investment income related to equity options were mostly offset by corresponding increases and decreases in interest credited expense. Also impacting revenue were investment related gains and losses in the funds withheld portfolios which increased approximately $33.0 million and $20.5 million before deferred acquisition costs, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. These investment related gains and losses are reflected in investment income.
     The average invested asset base supporting this sub-segment was $5.6 billion, $5.1 billion and $5.1 billion for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The growth in the asset base in 2010 was driven primarily by new business written on existing equity-indexed treaties. The asset base in 2009 was relatively flat compared to 2008 due to annuity contract surrenders which led to a decline in the account value and related invested asset base, offset by new business written on an existing equity-indexed treaty. Invested assets outstanding were $5.6 billion as of December 31, 2010 compared to $5.2 billion in 2009. As of December 31, 2010, $3.9 billion of the invested assets were funds withheld at interest, of which 95.2% of the balance was associated with equity-indexed annuity treaties with one client. As of December 31, 2009, $3.6 billion of the invested assets were funds withheld at interest, of which 94.9% of the balance was associated with equity-indexed annuity treaties with one client.
     The 2010 decrease of $17.2 million and 2009 increase of $198.7 million in benefits and expenses before certain derivatives were primarily due to changes in the interest credited expense related to equity option income on funds withheld equity-indexed annuity treaties. These changes were mostly offset by a corresponding decrease or increase in investment income.
Financial Reinsurance
     U.S. Financial Reinsurance sub-segment income before income taxes consists primarily of net fees earned on financial reinsurance transactions. Financial reinsurance risks are assumed by the U.S. segment and a portion are retroceded to other insurance companies or brokered business in which the Company does not participate in the assumption of risk. The fees earned from financial reinsurance contracts and brokered business are reflected in other revenues, and the fees paid to retrocessionaires are reflected in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses.
     Income before income taxes increased by $1.5 million, or 9.7%, and $4.1 million, or 34.4%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in 2010 was primarily related to new treaties written in the fourth quarter which had one-time fees recognized in 2010. The increase in 2009 was also primarily attributed to new treaties written in the fourth quarter.
     At December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, the amount of reinsurance assumed from client companies, as measured by pre-tax statutory surplus, was $1.7 billion, $1.2 billion and $0.5 billion, respectively. The pre-tax statutory surplus amounts include all business assumed or brokered by the Company in the U.S. Fees earned from this business can vary significantly depending on the size of the transactions and the timing of their completion, and therefore, can fluctuate from period to period.
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Canada Operations
The Company conducts reinsurance business in Canada through RGA Life Reinsurance Company of Canada (“RGA Canada”), a wholly-owned subsidiary. RGA Canada assists clients with capital management activity and mortality and morbidity risk management, and is primarily engaged in traditional individual life reinsurance, as well as creditor, group life and health, critical illness, and longevity reinsurance. Creditor insurance covers the outstanding balance on personal, mortgage or commercial loans in the event of death, disability or critical illness and is generally shorter in duration than traditional life insurance .  During 2010, the Canada Operations completed its first longevity reinsurance transaction, a new line of business for the segment.
For the year ended December 31,
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net premiums	 	$	797,206	 	 	$	614,831	 	 	$	534,271	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	165,138	 	 	 	137,750	 	 	 	140,434	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	(168	)	 	 	(2,608	)	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities transferred to (from) accumulated other comprehensive income	 	 	—	 	 	 	26	 	 	 	—	 	
Other investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	12,682	 	 	 	23,662	 	 	 	1,519	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	12,682	 	 	 	23,520	 	 	 	(1,089	)	
Other revenues	 	 	1,146	 	 	 	1,134	 	 	 	18,332	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	 	976,172	 	 	 	777,235	 	 	 	691,948	 	

Benefits and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Claims and other policy benefits	 	 	656,358	 	 	 	501,061	 	 	 	456,072	 	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	75	 	 	 	365	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	167,572	 	 	 	146,990	 	 	 	110,177	 	
Other operating expenses	 	 	29,864	 	 	 	22,774	 	 	 	23,068	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total benefits and expenses	 	 	853,794	 	 	 	670,900	 	 	 	589,682	 	

Income before income taxes	 	$	122,378	 	 	$	106,335	 	 	$	102,266	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Reinsurance in force for the Canada operation totaled approximately $324.1 billion, $276.8 billion, and $209.5 billion at December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively. On a Canadian dollar basis, reinsurance in force for the Canada operation reflected continued growth and totaled approximately C$323.4 billion, C$290.2 billion, and C$255.4 billion at December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively.
Income before income taxes increased by $16.0 million, or 15.1%, and $4.1 million, or 4.0%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in income in 2010 is primarily due to increased investment income offset by a decrease in net investment related gains. A stronger Canadian dollar resulted in an increase in income before income taxes of approximately $8.7 million in 2010 compared to 2009. The increase in income before income taxes in 2009 was primarily due to an increase in investment related gains of $24.6 million compared to 2008. This increase was somewhat offset by a generally weaker Canadian dollar, which resulted in a decrease in income before income taxes of approximately $5.8 million. The segment’s 2009 results also reflect slightly adverse mortality experience compared to very favorable mortality in 2008. In addition, the 2008 income before income taxes reflects the favorable net effect of $6.8 million from the recaptures of a previously assumed and a previously retroceded treaty.
Net premiums increased $182.4 million, or 29.7%, and $80.6 million, or 15.1%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Contributing to the increase in 2010 was the completion of the Company’s first longevity reinsurance transaction, reporting related premiums of $60.4 million, of which $43.3 million represents a one-time advance premium for which the Company established a deferred profit liability. The remaining increases are primarily due to new business from both new and existing treaties. The segment added new business production, measured by face amount of insurance in force, of $51.1 billion, $43.9 billion and $51.2 billion during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Management believes industry consolidation, changing capital levels in the life insurance industry and the established practice of reinsuring mortality risks should continue to provide opportunities for new business, albeit at rates less than historically experienced. Additionally, foreign currency exchange fluctuation in the Canadian dollar resulted in an increase in net premiums of approximately $72.8 million and a decrease of approximately $42.2 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Premium levels can be significantly influenced by
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currency fluctuations, large transactions, mix of business and reporting practices of ceding companies, and therefore may fluctuate from period to period.
Net investment income increased $27.4 million, or 19.9%, and decreased $2.7 million, or 1.9%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The effect of changes in the Canadian dollar exchange rates resulted in an increase in net investment income of approximately $12.4 million and a decrease of approximately $9.3 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Investment income and investment related gains and losses are allocated to the segments based upon average assets and related capital levels deemed appropriate to support segment business volumes. Investment performance varies with the composition of investments and the relative allocation of capital to the operating segments. The increase in investment income in 2010, excluding the impact of foreign exchange, was primarily the result of an increase in the allocated average asset base of 14.4%, due to growth in the underlying business volume.
Other revenues were stable in 2010 but decreased by $17.2 million in 2009 compared to 2008. The decrease in 2009 was primarily due to the absence of recapture fees recognized in 2008 of $16.2 million.
Loss ratios for this segment were 82.3%, 81.5% and 85.4% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The higher loss ratio in 2008 is primarily due to creditor business. Historically, the loss ratio increased primarily as the result of several large permanent level premium in force blocks assumed in 1997 and 1998. These blocks are mature blocks of long-term permanent level premium business in which mortality as a percentage of net premiums is expected to be higher than historical ratios. The nature of permanent level premium policies requires the Company to set up actuarial liabilities and invest the amounts received in excess of early-year mortality costs to fund claims in later years when those level premiums may not cover expected increasing mortality or claim costs. Claims and other policy benefits, as a percentage of net premiums and investment income were 68.2%, 66.6% and 67.6% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums totaled 21.0%, 23.9% and 20.6% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decrease in 2010 was largely due to the effect of increased net premiums related to the longevity reinsurance transaction completed during the year. Overall, while these ratios are expected to remain in a predictable range, they may fluctuate from period to period due to varying allowance levels and product mix. In addition, the amortization pattern of previously capitalized amounts, which are subject to the form of the reinsurance agreement and the underlying insurance policies, may vary.
Other operating expenses increased $7.1 million, or 31.1%, and decreased $0.3 million, or 1.3%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The effect of changes in the Canadian dollar exchange rates resulted in an increase in operating expenses of approximately $2.2 million and a decrease of approximately $1.2 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums were 3.7%, 3.7% and 4.3% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Europe & South Africa Operations
The Europe & South Africa segment includes operations in France, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, South Africa, Spain, UK and commencing in 2010, the Middle East. The segment provides reinsurance for a variety of life products through yearly renewable term and coinsurance agreements, critical illness coverage and longevity risk related to payout annuities. Reinsurance agreements may be facultative or automatic agreements covering primarily individual risks and in some markets, group risks.
For the year ended December 31,
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net premiums	 	$	918,513	 	 	$	781,952	 	 	$	707,768	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	34,517	 	 	 	32,240	 	 	 	32,993	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	 	 	(2,429	)	 	 	(3,418	)	 	 	(9,857	)	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities transferred to (from) accumulated other comprehensive income	 	 	—	 	 	 	558	 	 	 	—	 	
Other investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	5,013	 	 	 	4,112	 	 	 	1,170	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	2,584	 	 	 	1,252	 	 	 	(8,687	)	
Other revenues	 	 	2,099	 	 	 	11,436	 	 	 	401	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	 	957,713	 	 	 	826,880	 	 	 	732,475	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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For the year ended December 31,
(Continued)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Benefits and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Claims and other policy benefits	 	 	734,392	 	 	 	656,485	 	 	 	532,292	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	43,961	 	 	 	37,753	 	 	 	69,422	 	
Other operating expenses	 	 	93,526	 	 	 	80,301	 	 	 	65,075	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total benefits and expenses	 	 	871,879	 	 	 	774,539	 	 	 	666,789	 	

Income before income taxes	 	$	85,834	 	 	$	52,341	 	 	$	65,686	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     Income before income taxes increased by $33.5 million, or 64.0%, and decreased by $13.3 million or 20.3%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in income before income taxes in 2010 was primarily due to continued successful growth of the business and favorable claims experience, primarily in the UK and several other European markets. The decrease in income before income taxes in 2009 was primarily due to an increase in claims and other policy benefits and an unfavorable foreign currency exchange fluctuation partially offset by a decrease in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses. In addition, a retrocession block of business was recaptured in 2009 that increased income before income taxes by $6.0 million. Unfavorable foreign currency exchange fluctuations contributed to a decrease in income before income taxes totaling approximately $2.7 million and $2.1 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively.
     Net premiums grew by $136.6 million, or 17.5%, and $74.2 million, or 10.5%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. These increases were primarily the result of new business from both new and existing treaties. The segment added new business production, measured by face amount of insurance in force, of $103.6 billion, $121.1 billion and $87.5 billion during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. In addition, net premiums increased $78.5 million and $30.3 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively, associated with reinsurance of longevity risk in the UK. During 2010 and 2009, there were unfavorable foreign currency exchange fluctuations, particularly from the British pound and the Euro weakening against the U.S. dollar, which decreased net premiums by approximately $4.0 million and $107.5 million, respectively.
     A significant portion of the net premiums for the segment, in each period presented, relates to reinsurance of critical illness coverage, primarily in the UK. This coverage provides a benefit in the event of the diagnosis of a pre-defined critical illness. Net premiums earned from this coverage totaled $224.1 million, $212.1 million and $236.4 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Premium levels can be significantly influenced by currency fluctuations, large transactions and reporting practices of ceding companies and therefore can fluctuate from period to period.
     Net investment income increased $2.3 million, or 7.1%, and decreased $0.8 million, or 2.3%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in 2010 can be primarily attributed to a 35.3% growth in the average invested asset base largely offset by a decrease in investment yield. The decrease in 2009 can primarily be attributed to a decrease in investment yield. Investment income and investment related gains and losses are allocated to the various operating segments based on average assets and related capital levels deemed appropriate to support the segment business volumes. Investment performance varies with the composition of investments and the relative allocation of capital to the operating segments.
     Loss ratios for this segment were 80.0%, 84.0% and 75.2% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. During 2009, a retrocession block of business was recaptured which had the effect of increasing the loss ratio. Excluding this recapture, the loss ratio for 2009 was 82.2%. During 2008, a block of business was recaptured which had the effect of lowering the loss ratio. Excluding this recapture, the loss ratio for 2008 was 77.0%. The decrease in the loss ratio for 2010 was primarily due to favorable claims experience in the UK. The increase in the loss ratio for 2009 was primarily due to unfavorable claims experience in the UK and South Africa. Although reasonably predictable over a period of years, death claims can be volatile over shorter periods. Management views recent experience as normal volatility that is inherent in the business.
     Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums were 4.8%, 4.8% and 9.8% for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Excluding the aforementioned recaptures, policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums were 6.3% in 2009 and 8.8% in 2008. These percentages fluctuate due to timing of client company reporting, variations in the mixture of business and the relative maturity of the business. In addition, as the segment grows, renewal premiums, which have lower allowances than first-year premiums, represent a greater percentage of the total net premiums.
     Other operating expenses increased $13.2 million, or 16.5%, and $15.2 million, or 23.4%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums totaled 10.2%, 10.3% and 9.2% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. These increases reflect the continued investment in new and developing offices designed to capture
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opportunities in various markets. The Company believes that continued sustained growth in net premiums will lessen the burden of start-up and expansion costs over time.
Asia Pacific Operations
     The Asia Pacific segment includes operations in Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan and mainland China. The principal types of reinsurance include life, critical illness, disability income, superannuation, and financial reinsurance. Superannuation is the Australian government mandated compulsory retirement savings program. Superannuation funds accumulate retirement funds for employees, and, in addition, offer life and disability insurance coverage. Reinsurance agreements may be facultative or automatic agreements covering primarily individual risks and in some markets, group risks.
For the year ended December 31,
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net premiums	 	$	1,139,065	 	 	$	998,927	 	 	$	1,000,814	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	70,552	 	 	 	61,335	 	 	 	47,400	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	(6,172	)	 	 	(4,997	)	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities transferred to (from) accumulated other comprehensive income	 	 	—	 	 	 	804	 	 	 	—	 	
Other investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	6,153	 	 	 	5,165	 	 	 	2,336	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	6,153	 	 	 	(203	)	 	 	(2,661	)	
Other revenues	 	 	26,419	 	 	 	25,029	 	 	 	12,320	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	 	1,242,189	 	 	 	1,085,088	 	 	 	1,057,873	 	

Benefits and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Claims and other policy benefits	 	 	926,383	 	 	 	817,052	 	 	 	799,376	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	133,300	 	 	 	106,405	 	 	 	107,076	 	
Other operating expenses	 	 	93,746	 	 	 	78,085	 	 	 	65,912	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total benefits and expenses	 	 	1,153,429	 	 	 	1,001,542	 	 	 	972,364	 	

Income before income taxes	 	$	88,760	 	 	$	83,546	 	 	$	85,509	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     Income before income taxes increased by $5.2 million, or 6.2%, and decreased by $2.0 million, or 2.3%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in income before income taxes in 2010 is primarily due to an increase in premiums in all markets within the segment except Korea, compared to the same period in 2009. The decrease in income before income taxes in 2009 compared to 2008 was primarily related to increased claims and other policy benefits throughout the segment. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in increase to income before income taxes totaling approximately $7.8 million in 2010 and a negligible increase in 2009.
     Net premiums increased by $140.1 million, or 14.0%, and decreased by $1.9 million, or 0.2%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in premiums in 2010 was due to an increase of $141.7, collectively, in Australia, New Zealand, Southeast Asia, Japan and Taiwan compared to 2009. The decrease in premiums in 2009 was due to a decrease of $61.3 million, collectively, in Korea, Taiwan and New Zealand largely offset by an increase of $54.3 million, collectively, in Australia, Hong Kong and Japan compared to 2008. The segment added new business production, measured by face amount of insurance in force, of $30.7 billion, $21.0 billion and $31.9 billion during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Premium levels can be significantly influenced by currency fluctuations, large transactions and reporting practices of ceding companies and can fluctuate from period to period.
     Foreign currencies in certain significant markets, particularly the Australian dollar, New Zealand dollar, Korean won and Japanese yen, have strengthened against the U.S. dollar during 2010 compared to 2009. The overall effect of changes in Asia Pacific segment currencies was an increase in 2010 net premiums of approximately $115.0 million as compared to 2009. Throughout most of 2009, there were unfavorable foreign currency fluctuations, particularly in the Australian dollar, Korean won, New Zealand dollar and Taiwanese dollar, against the U.S. dollar. The overall effect of changes in Asia Pacific segment currencies was a decrease in 2009 net premiums of approximately $58.0 million compared to 2008.
     A portion of the net premiums for the segment, in each period presented, relates to reinsurance of critical illness coverage. This coverage provides a benefit in the event of the diagnosis of a pre-defined critical illness. Reinsurance of
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critical illness in the Asia Pacific operations is offered primarily in South Korea, Australia and Hong Kong. Net premiums from this coverage totaled $186.2 million, $181.2 million, and $213.8 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
     Net investment income increased $9.2 million, or 15.0%, and $13.9 million, or 29.4%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. These increases can be primarily attributed to growth in the average invested asset base of 32.4% and 32.7% in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The 2010 increase in net investment income from growth in the average invested asset base was largely offset by a decrease in investment yield. Investment income and investment related gains and losses are allocated to the various operating segments based on average assets and related capital levels deemed appropriate to support the segment business volumes. Investment performance varies with the composition of investments and the relative allocation of capital to the operating segments.
     Other revenues increased by $1.4 million, or 5.6%, and $12.7 million, or 103.2%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The primary source of other revenues is fees from financial reinsurance treaties in Japan. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the amount of reinsurance assumed from client companies, as measured by pre-tax statutory surplus, was $0.4 billion and $0.5 billion, respectively. Fees earned from this business can vary significantly depending on the size of the transactions and the timing of their completion and therefore can fluctuate from period to period.
     Loss ratios for this segment were 81.3%, 81.8% and 79.9% for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decrease in the loss ratio in 2010 compared with 2009 was primarily attributable to lower claims and other policy benefits in New Zealand and Hong Kong. The increase in 2009 compared with 2008 was primarily related to an increase in benefits as a percentage of net premiums in Australia, New Zealand and Taiwan. Although reasonably predictable over a period of years, death claims can be volatile over shorter periods. Management views recent experience as normal volatility that is inherent in the business. Loss ratios will fluctuate due to timing of client company reporting, variations in the mixture of business and the relative maturity of the business.
     Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums were 11.7%, 10.7% and 10.7% for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The ratio of policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums should generally decline as the business matures; however, the percentage does fluctuate periodically due to timing of client company reporting and variations in the mixture of business.
     Other operating expenses increased $15.7 million, or 20.1%, and $12.2 million, or 18.5%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums totaled 8.2%, 7.8% and 6.6% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The timing of premium flows and the level of costs associated with the entrance into and development of new markets in the growing Asia Pacific segment may cause other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums to fluctuate over periods of time.
Corporate and Other
     Corporate and Other revenues include investment income from invested assets not allocated to support segment operations and undeployed proceeds from the Company’s capital raising efforts, in addition to unallocated investment related gains and losses. Corporate expenses consist of the offset to capital charges allocated to the operating segments within the policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses line item, unallocated overhead and executive costs, and interest expense related to debt and trust preferred securities. Additionally, Corporate and Other includes results from, among others, RTP, a wholly-owned subsidiary that develops and markets technology solutions for the insurance industry and the investment income and expense associated with the Company’s collateral finance facility. Effective January 1, 2009, due to immateriality, the discontinued accident and health operations were included in the results of the Corporate and Other segment.
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For the year ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands)	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net premiums	 	$	7,815	 	 	$	8,728	 	 	$	6,816	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	107,169	 	 	 	76,240	 	 	 	78,838	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	 	 	(18,904	)	 	 	(22,582	)	 	 	(17,893	)	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities transferred to (from) accumulated other comprehensive income	 	 	1,459	 	 	 	(975	)	 	 	—	 	
Other investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	16,407	 	 	 	7,281	 	 	 	(21,324	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(1,038	)	 	 	(16,276	)	 	 	(39,217	)	
Other revenues	 	 	9,871	 	 	 	53,393	 	 	 	4,346	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	 	123,817	 	 	 	122,085	 	 	 	50,783	 	

Benefits and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Claims and other policy benefits	 	 	413	 	 	 	49	 	 	 	988	 	
Interest credited	 	 	14	 	 	 	121	 	 	 	—	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses (income)	 	 	(53,815	)	 	 	(43,480	)	 	 	(46,124	)	
Other operating expenses	 	 	50,898	 	 	 	45,782	 	 	 	30,192	 	
Interest expenses	 	 	90,996	 	 	 	69,940	 	 	 	76,161	 	
Collateral finance facility expense	 	 	7,856	 	 	 	8,268	 	 	 	28,723	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total benefits and expenses	 	 	96,362	 	 	 	80,680	 	 	 	89,940	 	

Income (loss) before income taxes	 	$	27,455	 	 	$	41,405	 	 	$	(39,157	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     Income (loss) before income taxes decreased by $14.0 million, or 33.7%, and increased by $80.6 million, or 205.7%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The decrease in income in 2010 is primarily due to the absence of the recognition of a gain on the repurchase of long-term debt of $38.9 million and a $4.8 million foreign exchange gain on the repayment of debt, recorded in other revenues in 2009 and increased interest expense related to the issuance of $400.0 million in senior notes in the fourth quarter of 2009 partially offset by a $30.9 million increase in investment income. The increase in income in 2009 is primarily due to a $22.9 million decrease in investment related losses, a $49.0 million increase in other revenues primarily from the aforementioned gains, a $20.5 million decrease in collateral finance facility expense slightly offset by a $15.6 million increase in other expenses.
     Total revenues increased $1.7 million, or 1.4%, and increased $71.3 million, or 140.4%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in revenues in 2010 was primarily due to an increase in investment income largely due to an increase in invested assets, related to the aforementioned senior notes issued in the fourth quarter of 2009. This increase was largely offset by a decrease in other revenues associated with the absence in 2010 of gains from the debt repurchase and repayment, as described above. The increase in revenues in 2009 was due to an decrease in investment related losses of $22.9 million, reflecting improved economic conditions, and an increase in other revenues related to the gain on the repurchase of long-term debt mentioned above. Slightly offsetting these increases were investment related losses of $3.0 million related to the disposition of the Company’s direct insurance operations in Argentina and a decrease in investment income of $2.6 million.
     Total benefits and expenses increased $15.7 million or 19.4%, and decreased $9.3 million or 10.3%, in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in total benefits and expenses in 2010 was primarily due to increased interest expense related to the aforementioned senior notes issued in 2009 partially offset by lower policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses in 2010, primarily due to increased charges to the operating segments for the use of capital. The decrease in total benefits and expenses in 2009 was primarily due to a $23.3 million decrease in collateral finance facility expense due to substantially reduced variable interest rates in 2009. Additionally, other operating expenses decreased $15.2 million in 2009 primarily related to a decrease in equity-based compensation and policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses decreased $10.8 million, primarily due to increased charges to the operating segments for the use of capital.
Discontinued Operations
     Effective January 1, 2009 due to immateriality, the discontinued accident and health operations were included in the results of the Corporate and Other segment. The consolidated statement of income for 2008 reflects this line of business as a discontinued operation. The calculation of the claim reserve liability for the entire portfolio of accident and health business requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported claim reserve levels. The loss from
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discontinued accident and health operations, net of income taxes was $11.0 million in 2008. Revenues associated with discontinued operations, which were not reported on a gross basis in the Company’s consolidated statement of income in 2008, totaled $2.1 million. As of December 31, 2010, there were no arbitrations or claims disputes associated with the Company’s discontinued accident and health operations.
Deferred Acquisition Costs
     DAC related to interest-sensitive life and investment-type contracts is amortized over the lives of the contracts, in relation to the present value of estimated gross profits (“EGP”) from mortality, investment income, and expense margins. The EGP for asset-intensive products include the following components: (1) estimates of fees charged to policyholders to cover mortality, surrenders and maintenance costs; (2) expected interest rate spreads between income earned and amounts credited to policyholder accounts; and (3) estimated costs of administration. EGP is also reduced by the Company’s estimate of future losses due to defaults in fixed maturity securities as well as the change in reserves for embedded derivatives. DAC is sensitive to changes in assumptions regarding these EGP components, and any change in such assumptions could have an effect on the Company’s profitability.
     The Company periodically reviews the EGP valuation model and assumptions so that the assumptions reflect a reasonable view of future experience. Two assumptions are considered to be most significant: (1) estimated interest spread, and (2) estimated future policy lapses. The following table reflects the possible change that would occur in a given year if assumptions, as a percentage of current deferred policy acquisition costs related to asset-intensive products ($1,054.3 million as of December 31, 2010), are changed as illustrated:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Quantitative Change in Significant Assumptions	 	One-Time Increase in DAC	 	 	One-Time Decrease in DAC	 	
Estimated interest spread increasing (decreasing) 25 basis points from the current spread	 	 	0.92	%	 	 	-1.01	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Estimated future policy lapse rates decreasing (increasing) 20% on a permanent basis (including surrender charges)	 	 	0.67	%	 	 	-0.53	%	
     In general, a change in assumption that improves the Company’s expectations regarding EGP is going to have the effect of deferring the amortization of DAC into the future, thus increasing earnings and the current DAC balance. DAC can be no greater than the initial DAC balance plus interest and would be subject to recoverability testing which is ignored for purposes of this analysis. Conversely, a change in assumption that decreases EGP will have the effect of speeding up the amortization of DAC, thus reducing earnings and lowering the DAC balance. The Company also adjusts DAC to reflect changes in the unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities since these changes affect EGP. This adjustment to DAC is reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income.
     The DAC associated with the Company’s non-asset-intensive business is less sensitive to changes in estimates for investment yields, mortality and lapses. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the estimates include provisions for the risk of adverse deviation and are not adjusted unless experience significantly deteriorates to the point where a premium deficiency exists.
     The following table displays DAC balances for asset-intensive business and non-asset-intensive business by segment as of December 31, 2010:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	Asset-Intensive DAC	 	 	Non-Asset-Intensive DAC	 	 	Total DAC	 	
U.S.	 	$	1,054,255	 	 	$	1,411,586	 	 	$	2,465,841	 	
Canada	 	 	—	 	 	 	345,722	 	 	 	345,722	 	
Europe & South Africa	 	 	—	 	 	 	434,956	 	 	 	434,956	 	
Asia Pacific	 	 	—	 	 	 	479,733	 	 	 	479,733	 	
Corporate and Other	 	 	—	 	 	 	191	 	 	 	191	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	1,054,255	 	 	$	2,672,188	 	 	$	3,726,443	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     As of December 31, 2010, the Company estimates that approximately 90.9% of its DAC balance is collateralized by surrender fees due to the Company and the reduction of policy liabilities, in excess of termination values, upon surrender or lapse of a policy.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Current Market Environment
     The U.S. and global financial markets have shown continued improvement since the first quarter of 2009. Throughout 2008 and early 2009, the capital and credit markets experienced volatility and disruption. This environment was driven by, among other things, heightened concerns over conditions in the U.S. housing and mortgage markets, the availability and cost of credit, the health of U.S. and global financial institutions, a decline in business and consumer confidence and increased unemployment. Turmoil in the U.S. and global financial markets resulted in bankruptcies, credit defaults, consolidations and government interventions.
     Results of operations in 2010 and 2009 reflect a favorable change in the value of embedded derivatives as credit spreads tightened significantly since the first quarter of 2009. There has been continued improvement in gross unrealized losses in the Company’s fixed maturity and equity securities available-for-sale which were $319.1 million, $584.9 million and $1,416.4 million at December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Likewise, gross unrealized gains have also improved.
     The Company continues to be in a position to hold its investment securities until recovery, provided it remains comfortable with the credit of the issuer. The Company does not rely on short-term funding or commercial paper, and therefore, to date, has experienced no liquidity pressure, nor does it anticipate such pressure in the foreseeable future. The Company has selectively reduced its exposure to distressed security issuers through security sales. Although management believes the Company’s current capital base is adequate to support its business at current operating levels, it continues to monitor new business opportunities and any associated new capital needs that could arise from the changing financial landscape.
     As witnessed during parts of 2008 and 2009, a general economic downturn or a downturn in the equity and other capital markets can adversely affect the market for many annuity and life insurance products and the Company’s financial position. As the Company obtains substantially all of its revenues through life and annuity reinsurance, its business would be adversely affected if the market for annuities or life insurance was adversely affected.
The Holding Company
     RGA is an insurance holding company whose primary uses of liquidity include, but are not limited to, the immediate capital needs of its operating companies, dividends paid to its shareholders and interest payments on its indebtedness (See Note 15 — “Debt and Trust Preferred Securities” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). The primary sources of RGA’s liquidity include proceeds from its capital raising efforts, interest income on undeployed corporate investments, interest income received on surplus notes with RGA Reinsurance and RCM, and dividends from operating subsidiaries. As the Company continues its expansion efforts, RGA will continue to be dependent upon these sources of liquidity.
     The Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity for the next 12 months to fund its cash needs under various scenarios that include the potential risk of early recapture of reinsurance treaties and higher than expected death claims. Historically, the Company has generated positive net cash flows from operations. However, in the event of significant unanticipated cash requirements beyond normal liquidity, the Company has multiple liquidity alternatives available based on market conditions and the amount and timing of the liquidity need. These options include borrowings under committed credit facilities, secured borrowings, the ability to issue long-term debt, preferred securities or common equity and, if necessary, the sale of invested assets subject to market conditions.
     See Note 3 — “Stock Transactions”, Note 15 — “Debt and Trust Preferred Securities” and Note 23 — “Subsequent Events” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company’s securities transactions.
Statutory Dividend Limitations
     RCM and RGA Reinsurance are subject to Missouri statutory provisions that restrict the payment of dividends. They may not pay dividends in any 12-month period in excess of the greater of the prior year’s statutory net gain from operations or 10% of statutory capital and surplus at the preceding year-end, without regulatory approval. The applicable statutory provisions only permit an insurer to pay a shareholder dividend from unassigned surplus. Any dividends paid by RGA Reinsurance would be paid to RCM, its parent company, which in turn has restrictions related to its ability to pay dividends to RGA. RCM’s primary asset is its investment in RGA Reinsurance. As of January 1, 2010, RCM and RGA Reinsurance could pay maximum dividends, without prior approval, of approximately $148.7 million and $152.9 million, respectively. The MDI allows RCM to pay a dividend to RGA to the extent RCM received the dividend from RGA
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Reinsurance, without limitation related to the level of unassigned surplus. Dividend payments from other subsidiaries are subject to regulations in the jurisdiction of domicile.
     The dividend limitations for RCM and RGA Reinsurance are based on statutory financial results. Statutory accounting practices differ in certain respects from accounting principles used in financial statements prepared in conformity with GAAP. Significant differences include the treatment of deferred acquisition costs, deferred income taxes, required investment reserves, reserve calculation assumptions and surplus notes.
Valuation of Life Insurance Policies Model Regulation (Regulation XXX)
     The Valuation of Life Insurance Policies Model Regulation, commonly referred to as Regulation XXX, was implemented in the U.S. for various types of life insurance business beginning January 1, 2000. Regulation XXX significantly increased the level of reserves that U.S. life insurance and life reinsurance companies must hold on their statutory financial statements for various types of life insurance business, primarily certain level premium term life products. The reserve levels required under Regulation XXX increase over time and are normally in excess of reserves required under GAAP. In situations where primary insurers have reinsured business to reinsurers that are unlicensed and unaccredited in the U.S., the reinsurer must provide collateral equal to its reinsurance reserves in order for the ceding company to receive statutory financial statement credit. Reinsurers have historically utilized letters of credit for the benefit of the ceding company, or have placed assets in trust for the benefit of the ceding company as the primary forms of collateral. The increasing nature of the statutory reserves under Regulation XXX will likely require increased levels of collateral from reinsurers in the future to the extent the reinsurer remains unlicensed and unaccredited in the U.S.
     In order to manage the effect of Regulation XXX on its statutory financial statements, RGA Reinsurance has retroceded a majority of Regulation XXX reserves to unaffiliated and affiliated unlicensed reinsurers. RGA Reinsurance’s statutory capital may be significantly reduced if the unaffiliated or affiliated reinsurer is unable to provide the required collateral to support RGA Reinsurance’s statutory reserve credits and RGA Reinsurance cannot find an alternative source for collateral.
Shareholder Dividends
     Historically, RGA has paid quarterly dividends ranging from $0.027 per share in 1993 to $0.12 per share in 2010. All future payments of dividends are at the discretion of RGA’s board of directors and will depend on the Company’s earnings, capital requirements, insurance regulatory conditions, operating conditions, and other such factors as the board of directors may deem relevant. The amount of dividends that RGA can pay will depend in part on the operations of its reinsurance subsidiaries. Under certain circumstances, RGA may be contractually prohibited from paying dividends on common stock, see discussion below in “Debt and Trust Preferred Securities”.
Debt and Trust Preferred Securities
     Certain of the Company’s debt agreements contain financial covenant restrictions related to, among other things, liens, the issuance and disposition of stock of restricted subsidiaries, minimum requirements of net worth, maximum ratios of debt to capitalization and change in control provisions. A material ongoing covenant default could require immediate payment of the amount due, including principal, under the various agreements. Additionally, the Company’s debt agreements contain cross-default covenants, which would make outstanding borrowings immediately payable in the event of a material covenant default under any of the agreements which remains uncured, including, but not limited to, non-payment of indebtedness when due for an amount in excess of $100.0 million, bankruptcy proceedings, or any event which results in the acceleration of the maturity of indebtedness. The facility fee and interest rate for the Company’s credit facilities are based on its senior long-term debt ratings. A decrease in those ratings could result in an increase in costs for the credit facilities. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company had $1,216.4 million and $1,216.1 million, respectively, in outstanding borrowings under its long-term debt agreements and was in compliance with all covenants under those agreements. The ability of the Company to make debt principal and interest payments depends primarily on the earnings and surplus of subsidiaries, investment earnings on undeployed capital proceeds, and the Company’s ability to raise additional funds.
     In November 2009 RGA issued 6.45% Senior Notes due November 15, 2019 with a face amount of $400.0 million. These senior notes were registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $396.3 million and were designated for general corporate purposes. Capitalized issue costs were approximately $3.0 million.
     During 2009 the Company repurchased $80.2 million face amount of its 6.75% junior subordinated debentures for $39.2 million. The debt was purchased by RGA Reinsurance. As a result, the Company recorded a pre-tax gain of $38.9 million, after fees and unamortized discount, in other revenues in 2009
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     The Company maintains three revolving credit facilities, including a syndicated credit facility with an overall capacity of $750.0 million that expires in September 2012. The Company may borrow cash and obtain letters of credit in multiple currencies under this facility. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had no cash borrowings outstanding and $223.3 million in issued, but undrawn, letters of credit under this facility. The Company’s other credit facilities consist of a £15.0 million credit facility that expires in May 2012, and an A$50.0 million Australian credit facility that expires in March 2011, with no outstanding balances as of December 31, 2010.
     As of December 31, 2010, the average interest rate on long-term and short-term debt outstanding, excluding the Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust holding solely junior subordinated debentures of the Company (“Trust Preferred Securities”), was 6.38% at the end of 2010 and 2009. Interest is expensed on the face amount, or $225.0 million, of the Trust Preferred Securities at a rate of 5.75%. See Note 23 — “Subsequent Events” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Trust Preferred Securities.
     Based on the historic cash flows and the current financial results of the Company, management believes RGA’s cash flows will be sufficient to enable RGA to meet its obligations for at least the next 12 months.
Collateral Finance Facility
     In June 2006, RGA’s subsidiary, Timberlake Financial, issued $850.0 million of Series A Floating Rate Insured Notes due June 2036 in a private placement. The notes were issued to fund the collateral requirements for statutory reserves required by the U.S. Valuation of Life Policies Model Regulation (commonly referred to as Regulation XXX) on specified term life insurance policies reinsured by RGA Reinsurance. Proceeds from the notes, along with a $112.8 million direct investment by the Company, were deposited into a series of accounts that collateralize the notes and are not available to satisfy the general obligations of the Company. As of December 31, 2010, the Company held assets in trust and in custody of $885.3 million for this purpose. Interest on the notes will accrue at an annual rate of 1-month LIBOR plus a base rate margin, payable monthly and totaled $7.9 million and $8.3 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The payment of interest and principal on the notes is insured by a monoline insurance company through a financial guaranty insurance policy. The notes represent senior, secured indebtedness of Timberlake Financial without legal recourse to RGA or its other subsidiaries. Timberlake Financial will rely primarily upon the receipt of interest and principal payments on a surplus note and dividend payments from its wholly-owned subsidiary, Timberlake Re, a South Carolina captive insurance company, to make payments of interest and principal on the notes. The ability of Timberlake Re to make interest and principal payments on the surplus note and dividend payments to Timberlake Financial is contingent upon South Carolina regulatory approval, the return on Timberlake Re’s investment assets and the performance of specified term life insurance policies with guaranteed level premiums retroceded by RGA’s subsidiary, RGA Reinsurance, to Timberlake Re.
     In accordance with the general accounting principles for Consolidation, Timberlake Financial is considered to be a variable interest entity and the Company is deemed to hold the primary beneficial interest. As a result, Timberlake Financial has been consolidated in the Company’s financial statements. The Company’s consolidated balance sheets include the assets of Timberlake Financial recorded as fixed maturity investments and other invested assets, which consists of restricted cash and cash equivalents, with the liability for the notes recorded as collateral finance facility. The Company’s consolidated statements of income include the investment return of Timberlake Financial as investment income and the cost of the facility is reflected in collateral finance facility expense.
Reinsurance Operations
     Reinsurance agreements, whether facultative or automatic, generally provide recapture provisions. Most U.S.-based reinsurance treaties include a recapture right for ceding companies, generally after 10 years. Outside of the U.S., treaties primarily include a mutually agreed upon recapture provision. Recapture rights permit the ceding company to reassume all or a portion of the risk formerly ceded to the reinsurer. In some situations, the Company has the right to place assets in trust for the benefit of the ceding party in lieu of recapture. Additionally, certain treaties may grant recapture rights to ceding companies in the event of a significant decrease in RGA Reinsurance’s NAIC risk based capital ratio or financial strength rating. The RBC ratio trigger varies by treaty at amounts between 125% and 225% of the NAIC’s company action level. Financial strength rating triggers vary by treaty with the majority of the triggers reached if RGA Reinsurance’s financial strength rating falls five notches from its current rating of “AA-” to the “BBB” level on the S&P scale. Recapture of business previously ceded does not affect premiums ceded prior to the recapture of such business, but would reduce premiums in subsequent periods. Upon recapture, the Company would reflect a net gain or loss on the settlement of the assets and liabilities associated with the treaty. In some cases, the ceding company is required to pay the Company a recapture fee. The Company estimates approximately $300.3 billion of its gross assumed in force business, as of December 31, 2010, was subject to treaties where the ceding company could recapture in the event minimum levels of financial condition or ratings were not maintained.
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Assets in Trust
     Some treaties give ceding companies the right to request that the Company place assets in trust for the benefit of the cedant to support statutory reserve credits in the event of a downgrade of the Company’s ratings to specified levels, generally non-investment grade levels, or if minimum levels of financial condition are not maintained. As of December 31, 2010, these treaties had approximately $1,138.5 million in statutory reserves. Assets placed in trust continue to be owned by the Company, but their use is restricted based on the terms of the trust agreement. Securities with an amortized cost of $1,419.3 million were held in trust for the benefit of certain subsidiaries of the Company to satisfy collateral requirements for reinsurance business at December 31, 2010. Additionally, securities with an amortized cost of $1,851.1 million as of December 31, 2010 were held in trust to satisfy collateral requirements under certain third-party reinsurance treaties. Under certain conditions, RGA may be obligated to move reinsurance from one RGA subsidiary company to another RGA subsidiary or make payments under the treaty. These conditions include change in control or ratings of the subsidiary, insolvency, nonperformance under a treaty, or loss of reinsurance license of such subsidiary. If RGA was ever required to perform under these obligations, the risk to the consolidated company under the reinsurance treaties would not change; however, additional capital may be required due to the change in jurisdiction of the subsidiary reinsuring the business, which could lead to a strain on liquidity.
     Proceeds from the notes issued by Timberlake Financial and the Company’s direct investment in Timberlake Financial were deposited into a series of trust accounts as collateral and are not available to satisfy the general obligations of the Company. As of December 31, 2010 the Company held deposits in trust and in custody of $885.3 million for this purpose, which is not included above. See “Collateral Finance Facility” above for additional information on the Timberlake notes.
Guarantees
     RGA has issued guarantees to third parties on behalf of its subsidiaries for the payment of amounts due under certain credit facilities, reinsurance treaties and office lease obligations, whereby if a subsidiary fails to meet an obligation, RGA or one of its other subsidiaries will make a payment to fulfill the obligation. In limited circumstances, treaty guarantees are granted to ceding companies in order to provide additional security, particularly in cases where RGA’s subsidiary is relatively new, unrated, or not of significant size, relative to the ceding company. Liabilities supported by the treaty guarantees, before consideration for any legally offsetting amounts due from the guaranteed party, totaled $600.8 million and $569.8 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and are reflected on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets in future policy benefits. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company’s exposure related to treaty guarantees, net of assets held in trust, was $352.0 million and $330.3 million, respectively. Potential guaranteed amounts of future payments will vary depending on production levels and underwriting results. Guarantees related to trust preferred securities and credit facilities provide additional security to third parties should a subsidiary fail to make principal and/or interest payments when due. As of December 31, 2010, RGA’s exposure related to these guarantees was $159.4 million. RGA has issued payment guarantees on behalf of two of its subsidiaries in the event the subsidiaries fail to make payment under their office lease obligations, the exposure of which was $13.6 million as of December 31, 2010.
     During 2010, one of the Company’s subsidiaries, Manor Re, obtained $300.0 million of collateral financing through 2020 from an international bank which enabled Manor Re to deposit assets in trust to support statutory reserve credit for an affiliated reinsurance transaction. The bank has recourse to RGA should Manor Re fail to make payments or otherwise not perform its obligations under this financing.
     In addition, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers pursuant to its charters and by-laws. Since this indemnity generally is not subject to limitation with respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under this indemnity in the future.
Balance Sheet Arrangements
     The Company had commitments to fund investments in limited partnerships, commercial mortgage loans and private placement investments in the amount of $147.2 million, $6.7 million and $7.5 million, respectively, at December 31, 2010. The Company anticipates that the majority of its current commitments will be invested over the next five years, however, contractually, these commitments could become due at the request of the counterparties. Investments in limited partnerships are carried at cost after consideration of any other-than-temporary impairments and included in other invested assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
     In order to reduce the level of statutory reserves, primarily in the U.S. and Canada, which generally exceed reserves required on an economic basis, the Company has entered into various reinsurance agreements with affiliated and unaffiliated reinsurers. In order for the Company to receive statutory reserve credit, the reinsurer must provide collateral for the benefit of the Company, usually in the form of assets in trust or letters of credit.
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     The Company has not engaged in trading activities involving non-exchange-traded contracts reported at fair value, nor has it engaged in relationships or transactions with persons or entities that derive benefits from their non-independent relationship with the Company.
Cash Flows
     The Company’s principal cash inflows from its reinsurance operations include premiums and deposit funds received from ceding companies. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash flows are early recapture of the reinsurance contract by the ceding company and lapses of annuity products reinsured by the Company. The Company’s principal cash inflows from its investing activities result from investment income and the maturity and sales of invested assets. The primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash inflows relates to the risk of default by debtors and interest rate volatility. The Company manages these risks very closely. See “Investments” and “Interest Rate Risk” below.
     Additional sources of liquidity to meet unexpected cash outflows in excess of operating cash inflows and current cash and equivalents on hand include selling short-term investments or fixed maturity securities and drawing funds under existing credit facilities, under which the Company had availability of $601.3 million as of December 31, 2010. The Company also has $997.1 million of funds available through collateralized borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (“FHLB”).
     The Company’s principal cash outflows primarily relate to the payment of claims liabilities, interest credited, operating expenses, income taxes, and principal and interest under debt and other financing obligations. The Company seeks to limit its exposure to loss on any single insured and to recover a portion of benefits paid by ceding reinsurance to other insurance enterprises or reinsurers under excess coverage and coinsurance contracts (See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). The Company performs annual financial reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability and performance. The Company has never experienced a material default in connection with retrocession arrangements, nor has it experienced any difficulty in collecting claims recoverable from retrocessionaires; however, no assurance can be given as to the future performance of such retrocessionaires nor to the recoverability of future claims. The Company’s management believes its current sources of liquidity are adequate to meet its cash requirements for the next 12 months.
     The Company’s net cash flows provided by operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, were $1,842.7 million, $1,364.2 million and $727.0 million, respectively. Cash flows from operating activities are affected by the timing of premiums received, claims paid and working capital changes. Operating cash increased $478.5 million during 2010 as cash from premiums and investment income increased $878.1 million and $114.5 million, respectively, offset by higher operating net cash outlays of $514.1 million. Operating cash increased $637.3 million during 2009 as cash from premiums and investment income increased $277.7 million and $246.9 million, respectively, while operating net cash outlays decreased by $112.7 million. The Company believes the short-term cash requirements of its business operations will be sufficiently met by the positive cash flows generated. Additionally, the Company believes it maintains a high-quality fixed maturity portfolio with positive liquidity characteristics. These securities are available-for-sale and could be sold if necessary to meet the Company’s short- and long-term obligations, subject to market conditions.
     Net cash used in investing activities was $1,720.5 million, $1,939.1 million and $1,073.2 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Changes in cash used in investing activities primarily relate to the management of the Company’s investment portfolios and the investment of excess cash generated by operating and financing activities. The large increase in net cash used in investing activities in 2009 was due in part to the investment of proceeds from the issuance of common stock in the fourth quarter of 2008 and senior notes issued in the fourth quarter of 2009.
     Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities was $(193.4) million, $195.0 million and $841.2 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities in 2010 was primarily due to the issuance of $396.3 million of securities in 2009. Also contributing to the decrease in 2010 was an increase in withdrawals, net of deposits, under investment type contracts of $239.7 million. Partially offsetting these decreases in 2010 was a $202.1 million increase in cash collateral received under derivative contracts due to a change in the value of the underlying derivatives. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities in 2009 was largely due to reduced deposits, net of withdrawals, under investment type contracts of $339.8 million, a $335.5 million decrease in the cash collateral received under derivative contracts due to a change in the value of the underlying derivatives and $62.5 million related to the repurchase and repayment of long-term debt. The issuance of Company securities resulted in an increase in cash provided by financing activities of $64.5 million in 2009.
Contractual Obligations
The following table displays the Company’s contractual obligations, including obligations arising from its reinsurance business (in millions):
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 	 	Payment Due by Period	 	
 	 	Total	 	 	Less than 1 Year	 	 	1-3 Years	 	 	4-5 Years	 	 	After 5 Years	 	
Future policy benefits(1)	 	$	4,749.8	 	 	$	(532.4	)	 	$	(654.3	)	 	$	(454.2	)	 	$	6,390.7	 	
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities (2)	 	 	11,074.3	 	 	 	892.2	 	 	 	1,860.5	 	 	 	1,793.4	 	 	 	6,528.2	 	
Short-term debt, including interest	 	 	213.5	 	 	 	213.5	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Long-term debt, including interest	 	 	2,316.1	 	 	 	38.5	 	 	 	76.9	 	 	 	76.9	 	 	 	2,123.8	 	
Fixed Rate Trust Pref Sec., including interest (3)	 	 	745.7	 	 	 	12.9	 	 	 	25.9	 	 	 	25.9	 	 	 	681.0	 	
Collateral finance facility, including interest	 	 	893.5	 	 	 	4.7	 	 	 	82.0	 	 	 	71.6	 	 	 	735.2	 	
Structured financing, including interest (4)	 	 	370.0	 	 	 	7.0	 	 	 	14.0	 	 	 	14.0	 	 	 	335.0	 	
Other policy claims and benefits	 	 	2,597.9	 	 	 	2,597.9	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Operating leases	 	 	81.6	 	 	 	13.0	 	 	 	24.1	 	 	 	17.2	 	 	 	27.3	 	
Limited partnerships	 	 	147.2	 	 	 	147.2	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Investment purchase commitments	 	 	14.2	 	 	 	14.2	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Payables for collateral received under derivative transactions	 	 	10.3	 	 	 	10.3	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	23,214.1	 	 	$	3,419.0	 	 	$	1,429.1	 	 	$	1,544.8	 	 	$	16,821.2	 	

 	 	 	
1	 	Future policyholder benefits include liabilities related primarily to the Company’s reinsurance of life and health insurance products. Amounts presented in the table above represent the estimated obligations as they become due to ceding companies for benefits under such contracts, and also include future premiums, allowances and other amounts due to or from the ceding companies as the result of the Company’s assumptions of mortality, morbidity, policy lapse and surrender risk as appropriate to the respective product. Total payments may vary materially from prior years due to the assumption of new treaties or as a result of changes in projections of future experience. All estimated cash payments presented in the table above are undiscounted as to interest, net of estimated future premiums on policies currently in force and gross of any reinsurance recoverable. The sum of the undiscounted estimated cash flows shown for all years in the table is an obligation of $4,749.8 million compared to the discounted liability amount of $9,274.8 million included on the consolidated balance sheet, substantially all due to the effects of discounting the estimated cash flows. The time value of money is not factored into the calculations in the table above. In addition, differences will arise due to changes in the projection of future benefit payments compared with those developed when the reserve was established. Expected premiums exceed expected policy benefit payments and allowances due to the nature of the reinsurance treaties, which generally have increasing premium rates that exceed the increasing benefit payments.	
 	 	 	
2	 	Interest-sensitive contract liabilities include amounts related to the Company’s reinsurance of asset-intensive products, primarily deferred annuities and corporate-owned life insurance. Amounts presented in the table above represent the estimated obligations as they become due both to and from ceding companies relating to activity of the underlying policyholders. Amounts presented in the table above represent the estimated obligations under such contracts undiscounted as to interest, including assumptions related to surrenders, withdrawals, premium persistency, partial withdrawals, surrender charges, annuitizations, mortality, future interest credited rates and policy loan utilization. The sum of the obligations shown for all years in the table of $11,074.3 million exceeds the liability amount of $7,774.5 million included on the consolidated balance sheet principally due to the lack of discounting and accounting for separate account contracts.	
 	 	 	
3	 	Assumes that all securities will be held until the stated maturity date of March 18, 2051. For additional information on these securities, see “Company-Obligated Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Securities of Subsidiary Trust Holding Solely Junior Subordinated Debentures of the Company” in Note 2 — “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.	
 	 	 	
4	 	Structured financing does not appear on the consolidated balance sheets due to a master netting agreement where the Company holds a term deposit note of equal value from the counterparty.	
     Excluded from the table above are deferred income tax liabilities, unrecognized tax benefits, and accrued interest of $1,396.7 million, $182.4 million, and $32.7 million, respectively, for which the Company cannot reliably determine the timing of payment. Current income tax payable is also excluded from the table.
     The net funded status of the Company’s pension and other postretirement liabilities included within other liabilities has been excluded from the amounts presented in the table above. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had a net unfunded balance of $52.1 million related to pension and other postretirement liabilities. See Note 10 — “Employee Benefit Plans” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to the Company’s obligations and funding requirements for pension and other post-employment benefits.
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Letters of Credit
     The Company has obtained letters of credit, issued by banks, in favor of various affiliated and unaffiliated insurance companies from which the Company assumes business. These letters of credit represent guarantees of performance under the reinsurance agreements and allow ceding companies to take statutory reserve credits. Certain of these letters of credit contain financial covenant restrictions similar to those described in the “Debt and Trust Preferred Securities” discussion above. At December 31, 2010, there were approximately $16.0 million of outstanding bank letters of credit in favor of third parties. Additionally, the Company utilizes letters of credit to secure statutory reserve credits when it retrocedes business to its subsidiaries, including Parkway Re, RGA Americas, RGA Barbados and RGA Atlantic. The Company cedes business to its affiliates to help reduce the amount of regulatory capital required in certain jurisdictions, such as the U.S. and the UK. The capital required to support the business in the affiliates reflects more realistic expectations than the original jurisdiction of the business, where capital requirements are often considered to be quite conservative. As of December 31, 2010, $518.4 million in letters of credit from various banks were outstanding, but undrawn, backing reinsurance between the various subsidiaries of the Company.
     Based on the growth of the Company’s business and the pattern of reserve levels under Regulation XXX associated with term life business, the amount of ceded reserve credits is expected to grow. This growth will require the Company to obtain additional letters of credit, put additional assets in trust, or utilize other mechanisms to support the reserve credits. If the Company is unable to support the reserve credits, the regulatory capital levels of several of its subsidiaries may be significantly reduced. The reduction in regulatory capital would not directly affect the Company’s consolidated shareholders’ equity under GAAP; however, it could affect the Company’s ability to write new business and retain existing business.
     The Company maintains a syndicated revolving credit facility with an overall capacity of $750.0 million, which is scheduled to mature in September 2012. The Company may borrow cash and may obtain letters of credit in multiple currencies under the facility. At December 31, 2010, the Company had $223.3 million in issued, but undrawn, letters of credit under this facility, which is included in the total above. Applicable letter of credit fees and fees payable for the credit facility depend upon the Company’s senior unsecured long-term debt rating. The Company also maintains a $200.0 million letter of credit facility which is scheduled to mature in September 2019. This letter of credit is expected to be fully utilized through 2016 and then amortize to zero by 2019. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had $200.0 million in issued, but undrawn, letters of credit under this facility, which is included in the total above. Letter of credit fees for this facility are fixed for the term of the facility. Fees associated with the Company’s other letters of credit are not fixed for periods in excess of one year and are based on the Company’s ratings and the general availability of these instruments in the marketplace.
     In 2006, the Company entered into a reinsurance agreement that requires it to post collateral for a portion of the business being reinsured. As part of the collateral requirements, a third party financial institution has issued a letter of credit for the benefit of the ceding company (the “beneficiary”), which may draw on the letter of credit to be reimbursed for valid claim payments not made by RGA pursuant to the reinsurance treaty. RGA is not a direct obligor under the letter of credit. To the extent the letter of credit is drawn by the beneficiary, reimbursement to the third party financial institution will be through reduction in amounts owed to RGA by the third party financial institution under a secured structured loan. RGA’s liability under the reinsurance agreement will be reduced by any amount drawn by the ceding company under the letter of credit. As of December 31, 2010, the structured loan totaled $229.6 million and the amount of the letter of credit totaled $229.6 million. The structured loan is recorded in “other invested assets” on RGA’s consolidated balance sheets.
Asset / Liability Management
     The Company manages its invested assets using an approach that is intended to balance quality, diversification, asset/liability matching, liquidity and investment return. The goals of the investment process are to optimize after-tax, risk-adjusted investment income and after-tax, risk-adjusted total return while managing the assets and liabilities on a cash flow and duration basis.
     The Company has established target asset portfolios for each major insurance product, which represent the investment strategies intended to profitably fund its liabilities within acceptable risk parameters. These strategies include objectives and limits for effective duration, yield curve sensitivity and convexity, liquidity, asset sector concentration and credit quality.
     The Company’s liquidity position (cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments) was $582.0 million and $633.1 million at December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively. Liquidity needs are determined from valuation analyses conducted by operational units and are driven by product portfolios. Periodic evaluations of demand liabilities and short-term liquid assets are designed to adjust specific portfolios, as well as their durations and maturities, in response to anticipated liquidity needs.
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     The Company periodically sells investment securities under agreements to repurchase the same securities. These arrangements are used for purposes of short-term financing. There were no securities subject to these agreements outstanding at December 31, 2010 or 2009. The book value of securities subject to these agreements, if any, are included in fixed maturity securities while the repurchase obligations would be reported in other liabilities in the consolidated statement of financial position. The Company also occasionally enters into arrangements to purchase securities under agreements to resell the same securities. Amounts outstanding, if any, are reported in cash and cash equivalents. These agreements are primarily used as yield enhancement alternatives to other cash equivalent investments. There were no such agreements outstanding at December 31, 2010 or 2009.
     RGA Reinsurance is a member of the FHLB and holds $18.9 million of common stock in the FHLB, which is included in other invested assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. RGA Reinsurance occasionally enters into traditional funding agreements with the FHLB but had no outstanding traditional funding agreements with the FHLB at December 31, 2010 or 2009.
     In addition, RGA Reinsurance has also entered into funding agreements with the FHLB under guaranteed investment contracts whereby RGA Reinsurance has issued the funding agreements in exchange for cash and for which the FHLB has been granted a blanket lien on RGA Reinsurance’s commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans used to collateralize RGA Reinsurance’s obligations under the funding agreements. RGA Reinsurance maintains control over these pledged assets, and may use, commingle, encumber or dispose of any portion of the collateral as long as there is no event of default and the remaining qualified collateral is sufficient to satisfy the collateral maintenance level. The funding agreements and the related security agreements represented by this blanket lien provide that upon any event of default by RGA Reinsurance, the FHLB’s recovery is limited to the amount of RGA Reinsurance’s liability under the outstanding funding agreements. The amount of the Company’s liability for the funding agreements with the FHLB under guaranteed investment contracts was $199.3 million and $399.3 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, which is included in interest sensitive contract liabilities. The advances on these agreements are collateralized primarily by commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans.
     The Company’s asset-intensive products are primarily supported by investments in fixed maturity securities reflected on the Company’s balance sheet and under funds withheld arrangements with the ceding company. Investment guidelines are established to structure the investment portfolio based upon the type, duration and behavior of products in the liability portfolio so as to achieve targeted levels of profitability. The Company manages the asset-intensive business to provide a targeted spread between the interest rate earned on investments and the interest rate credited to the underlying interest-sensitive contract liabilities. The Company periodically reviews models projecting different interest rate scenarios and their effect on profitability. Certain of these asset-intensive agreements, primarily in the U.S. operating segment, are generally funded by fixed maturity securities that are withheld by the ceding company.
Investments
     The Company had total cash and invested assets of $23.1 billion and $19.7 billion at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, as illustrated below (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	 	$	14,304,597	 	 	$	11,763,358	 	
Mortgage loans on real estate	 	 	885,811	 	 	 	791,668	 	
Policy loans	 	 	1,228,418	 	 	 	1,136,564	 	
Funds withheld at interest	 	 	5,421,952	 	 	 	4,895,356	 	
Short-term investments	 	 	118,387	 	 	 	121,060	 	
Other invested assets	 	 	707,403	 	 	 	516,086	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	 	463,661	 	 	 	512,027	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total cash and invested assets	 	$	23,130,229	 	 	$	19,736,119	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     The following table presents consolidated invested assets, net investment income and investment yield, excluding funds withheld. Funds withheld assets are primarily associated with the reinsurance of annuity contracts on which the Company earns a spread. Fluctuations in the yield on funds withheld assets are substantially offset by a corresponding adjustment to the interest credited on the liabilities (dollars in thousands).
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 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Increase / (Decrease)	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Average invested assets at amortized cost	 	$	15,283,113	 	 	$	13,013,390	 	 	$	11,653,879	 	 	 	17.4	%	 	 	11.7	%	
Net investment income	 	 	858,320	 	 	 	747,730	 	 	 	701,039	 	 	 	14.8	%	 	 	6.7	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment yield (ratio of net investment income to average invested assets)	 	 	5.62	%	 	 	5.75	%	 	 	6.02	%	 	 	(0.13	)%	 	 	(0.27	)%	
     Investment yield decreased in 2010 due primarily to slightly lower yields on several asset classes including fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans and policy loans. These lower yields are due primarily to a lower interest rate environment which decreases the yield on new investment purchases. Investment yield decreased in 2009 as the decline of certain key indices such as LIBOR resulted in lower investment returns on the Company’s floating rate investments. In addition, recent economic conditions, have resulted in the decision to maintain a higher level of liquidity. Thus, the Company invested some of its cash flows in highly liquid assets with shorter maturities than what was previously held in the portfolio, which has also contributed to the decrease in the average yield of the portfolio.
     All investments held by RGA and its subsidiaries are monitored for conformance with the qualitative and quantitative limits prescribed by the applicable jurisdiction’s insurance laws and regulations. In addition, the operating companies’ boards of directors periodically review their respective investment portfolios. The Company’s investment strategy is to maintain a predominantly investment-grade, fixed maturity portfolio, to provide adequate liquidity for expected reinsurance obligations, and to maximize total return through prudent asset management. The Company’s asset/liability duration matching differs between operating segments. The average duration for all the Company’s portfolios, when consolidated, ranges between eight and ten years. However, based on Canadian reserve requirements, the Canadian liabilities are matched with long-duration Canadian assets, and therefore, the duration of the Canadian portfolio exceeds twenty years. See Note 4 — “Investments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company’s investments.
Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale
     The following tables provide information relating to investments in fixed maturity securities and equity securities by sector as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Other-than-	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	temporary	 	
 	 	Amortized	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Estimated	 	 	% of	 	 	impairments	 	
December 31, 2010:	 	Cost	 	 	Gains	 	 	Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Total	 	 	in AOCI	 	
Available-for-sale:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	$	6,826,937	 	 	$	436,384	 	 	$	107,816	 	 	$	7,155,505	 	 	 	50.0	%	 	$	—	 	
Canadian and Canadian provincial governments	 	 	2,354,418	 	 	 	672,951	 	 	 	3,886	 	 	 	3,023,483	 	 	 	21.1	 	 	 	—	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,443,892	 	 	 	55,765	 	 	 	26,580	 	 	 	1,473,077	 	 	 	10.3	 	 	 	(1,650	)	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	440,752	 	 	 	12,001	 	 	 	61,544	 	 	 	391,209	 	 	 	2.7	 	 	 	(4,963	)	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,353,279	 	 	 	81,839	 	 	 	97,265	 	 	 	1,337,853	 	 	 	9.4	 	 	 	(10,010	)	
U.S. government and agencies	 	 	199,129	 	 	 	7,795	 	 	 	708	 	 	 	206,216	 	 	 	1.4	 	 	 	—	 	
State and political subdivisions	 	 	170,479	 	 	 	2,098	 	 	 	8,117	 	 	 	164,460	 	 	 	1.2	 	 	 	—	 	
Other foreign government securities	 	 	556,136	 	 	 	4,304	 	 	 	7,646	 	 	 	552,794	 	 	 	3.9	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed maturity securities	 	$	13,345,022	 	 	$	1,273,137	 	 	$	313,562	 	 	$	14,304,597	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	(16,623	)	

Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	$	100,718	 	 	$	4,130	 	 	$	5,298	 	 	$	99,550	 	 	 	71.0	%	 	 	 	 	
Other equity securities	 	 	34,832	 	 	 	6,100	 	 	 	271	 	 	 	40,661	 	 	 	29.0	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total equity securities	 	$	135,550	 	 	$	10,230	 	 	$	5,569	 	 	$	140,211	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Other-than-	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	temporary	 	
 	 	Amortized	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Estimated	 	 	% of	 	 	impairments	 	
December 31, 2009:	 	Cost	 	 	Gains	 	 	Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Total	 	 	in AOCI	 	
Available-for-sale:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	$	5,317,603	 	 	$	257,975	 	 	$	180,782	 	 	$	5,394,796	 	 	 	45.9	%	 	$	—	 	
Canadian and Canadian provincial governments	 	 	1,984,475	 	 	 	394,498	 	 	 	25,746	 	 	 	2,353,227	 	 	 	20.0	 	 	 	—	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,494,021	 	 	 	32,538	 	 	 	70,015	 	 	 	1,456,544	 	 	 	12.4	 	 	 	(7,018	)	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	522,760	 	 	 	9,307	 	 	 	80,131	 	 	 	451,936	 	 	 	3.8	 	 	 	(2,194	)	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,177,621	 	 	 	20,670	 	 	 	169,427	 	 	 	1,028,864	 	 	 	8.7	 	 	 	(13,690	)	
U.S. government and agencies	 	 	540,001	 	 	 	1,085	 	 	 	15,027	 	 	 	526,059	 	 	 	4.5	 	 	 	—	 	
State and political subdivisions	 	 	107,233	 	 	 	273	 	 	 	17,744	 	 	 	89,762	 	 	 	0.8	 	 	 	—	 	
Other foreign government securities	 	 	473,243	 	 	 	2,198	 	 	 	13,271	 	 	 	462,170	 	 	 	3.9	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed maturity securities	 	$	11,616,957	 	 	$	718,544	 	 	$	572,143	 	 	$	11,763,358	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	(22,902	)	

Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	$	123,648	 	 	$	1,878	 	 	$	12,328	 	 	$	113,198	 	 	 	66.0	%	 	 	 	 	
Other equity securities	 	 	58,008	 	 	 	760	 	 	 	409	 	 	 	58,359	 	 	 	34.0	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total equity securities	 	$	181,656	 	 	$	2,638	 	 	$	12,737	 	 	$	171,557	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     The table above as of December 31, 2010 excludes fixed maturity securities posted by the Company as collateral to counterparties with an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $46.9 million and $48.2 million, respectively, which is included in other invested assets, in the consolidated balance sheets. There were no securities posted as collateral to counterparties as of December 31, 2009.
     The Company’s fixed maturity securities are invested primarily in corporate bonds, mortgage- and asset-backed securities, and U.S. and Canadian government securities. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, approximately 95.0% and 94.8%, respectively, of the Company’s consolidated investment portfolio of fixed maturity securities were investment-grade.
     Important factors in the selection of investments include diversification, quality, yield, total rate of return potential and call protection. The relative importance of these factors is determined by market conditions and the underlying product or portfolio characteristics. Cash equivalents are primarily invested in high-grade money market instruments. The largest asset class in which fixed maturity securities were invested was in corporate securities, which represented approximately 50.0% of total fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2010, compared to 45.9% at December 31, 2009. The tables below show the major industry types and weighted average credit ratings, which comprise the corporate fixed maturity holdings at December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Average Credit	 	
December 31, 2010:	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	% of Total	 	 	Ratings	 	
Finance	 	$	2,782,936	 	 	$	2,833,022	 	 	 	39.6	%	 	 	A	 	
Industrial	 	 	3,121,326	 	 	 	3,341,104	 	 	 	46.7	 	 	BBB+	
Utility	 	 	908,737	 	 	 	967,017	 	 	 	13.5	 	 	BBB+	
Other	 	 	13,938	 	 	 	14,361	 	 	 	0.2	 	 	AA+	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	6,826,937	 	 	$	7,155,504	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	 	A-	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Average Credit	 	
December 31, 2009:	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	% of Total	 	 	Ratings	 	
Finance	 	$	2,258,871	 	 	$	2,198,183	 	 	 	40.7	%	 	 	A	 	
Industrial	 	 	2,257,422	 	 	 	2,365,970	 	 	 	43.9	 	 	BBB+	
Utility	 	 	783,107	 	 	 	812,424	 	 	 	15.1	 	 	BBB+	
Other	 	 	18,203	 	 	 	18,219	 	 	 	0.3	 	 	AA+	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	5,317,603	 	 	$	5,394,796	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	 	A-	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) assigns securities quality ratings and uniform valuations called “NAIC Designations” which are used by insurers when preparing their statutory filings. The NAIC assigns designations to publicly traded as well as privately placed securities. The designations assigned by the NAIC range from class 1 to class 6, with designations in classes 1 and 2 generally considered investment grade (BBB or higher rating agency designation). NAIC designations in classes 3 through 6 are generally considered below investment grade (BB or lower rating agency designation).
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     The quality of the Company’s available-for-sale fixed maturity securities portfolio, as measured at fair value and by the percentage of fixed maturity securities invested in various ratings categories, relative to the entire available-for-sale fixed maturity security portfolio, at December 31, 2010 and 2009 was as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	December 31, 2010	 	 	December 31, 2009	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	
NAIC Designation	 	 	Rating Agency Designation	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	% of Total	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	% of Total	 	
 	1	 	 	AAA/AA/A	 	$	9,697,515	 	 	$	10,556,941	 	 	 	73.8	%	 	$	8,457,812	 	 	$	8,716,920	 	 	 	74.1	%	
 	2	 	 	BBB	 	 	2,860,603	 	 	 	3,035,593	 	 	 	21.2	 	 	 	2,401,885	 	 	 	2,433,144	 	 	 	20.7	 	
 	3	 	 	BB	 	 	460,675	 	 	 	450,368	 	 	 	3.2	 	 	 	455,539	 	 	 	381,242	 	 	 	3.3	 	
 	4	 	 	B	 	 	239,604	 	 	 	191,287	 	 	 	1.3	 	 	 	210,252	 	 	 	145,206	 	 	 	1.2	 	
 	5	 	 	CCC and lower	 	 	63,859	 	 	 	47,493	 	 	 	0.3	 	 	 	75,486	 	 	 	70,165	 	 	 	0.6	 	
 	6	 	 	In or near default	 	 	22,766	 	 	 	22,915	 	 	 	0.2	 	 	 	15,983	 	 	 	16,681	 	 	 	0.1	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	Total	 	$	13,345,022	 	 	$	14,304,597	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	11,616,957	 	 	$	11,763,358	 	 	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     The Company’s fixed maturity portfolio includes structured securities. The following table shows the types of structured securities the Company held at December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2010	 	 	December 31, 2009	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	
 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Agency	 	$	636,931	 	 	$	668,405	 	 	$	771,787	 	 	$	797,354	 	
Non-agency	 	 	806,961	 	 	 	804,672	 	 	 	722,234	 	 	 	659,190	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,443,892	 	 	 	1,473,077	 	 	 	1,494,021	 	 	 	1,456,544	 	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,353,279	 	 	 	1,337,853	 	 	 	1,177,621	 	 	 	1,028,864	 	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	440,752	 	 	 	391,209	 	 	 	522,760	 	 	 	451,936	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	3,237,923	 	 	$	3,202,139	 	 	$	3,194,402	 	 	$	2,937,344	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     The residential mortgage-backed securities include agency-issued pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. A majority of the agency-issued pass-through securities are guaranteed or otherwise supported by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Federal National Mortgage Association, or the Government National Mortgage Association. The weighted average credit rating of the residential mortgage-backed securities was “AA+” at December 31, 2010 and 2009. The principal risks inherent in holding mortgage-backed securities are prepayment and extension risks, which will affect the timing of when cash will be received and are dependent on the level of mortgage interest rates. Prepayment risk is the unexpected increase in principal payments, primarily as a result of owner refinancing. Extension risk relates to the unexpected slowdown in principal payments. In addition, mortgage-backed securities face default risk should the borrower be unable to pay the contractual interest or principal on their obligation. The Company monitors its mortgage-backed securities to mitigate exposure to the cash flow uncertainties associated with these risks.
     As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company had exposure to commercial mortgage-backed securities with amortized costs totaling $1,834.6 million and $1,655.0 million, and estimated fair values of $1,818.2 and $1,439.1 million. Those amounts include exposure to commercial mortgage-backed securities held directly in the Company’s investment portfolios within fixed maturity securities, as well as securities held by ceding companies that support the Company’s funds withheld at interest investment. The securities are highly rated with weighted average S&P credit ratings of approximately “AA-” and “AA” at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Approximately 54.5% and 65.1%, based on estimated fair value, were classified in the “AAA” category at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The Company recorded other-than-temporary impairments of $8.0 million and $7.8 million in its direct investments in commercial mortgage-backed securities for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The following tables summarize the securities by rating and underwriting year at December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands):
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December 31, 2010:	 	AAA	 	 	AA	 	 	A	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	
Underwriting Year	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	
2005 & Prior	 	$	261,763	 	 	$	282,522	 	 	$	81,795	 	 	$	85,675	 	 	$	63,234	 	 	$	63,491	 	
2006	 	 	314,043	 	 	 	328,422	 	 	 	46,372	 	 	 	50,217	 	 	 	48,851	 	 	 	49,949	 	
2007	 	 	255,589	 	 	 	270,731	 	 	 	29,493	 	 	 	23,512	 	 	 	92,910	 	 	 	96,790	 	
2008	 	 	29,547	 	 	 	33,115	 	 	 	37,291	 	 	 	39,657	 	 	 	7,495	 	 	 	7,886	 	
2009	 	 	8,020	 	 	 	7,877	 	 	 	3,088	 	 	 	3,505	 	 	 	6,834	 	 	 	9,675	 	
2010	 	 	69,580	 	 	 	68,879	 	 	 	5,193	 	 	 	4,800	 	 	 	10,970	 	 	 	10,928	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	938,542	 	 	$	991,546	 	 	$	203,232	 	 	$	207,366	 	 	$	230,294	 	 	$	238,719	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	BBB	 	 	Below Investment Grade	 	 	Total	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	
Underwriting Year	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	
2005 & Prior	 	$	67,341	 	 	$	66,392	 	 	$	56,882	 	 	$	44,770	 	 	$	531,015	 	 	$	542,850	 	
2006	 	 	32,651	 	 	 	31,646	 	 	 	56,636	 	 	 	39,127	 	 	 	498,553	 	 	 	499,361	 	
2007	 	 	99,796	 	 	 	105,962	 	 	 	125,123	 	 	 	77,459	 	 	 	602,911	 	 	 	574,454	 	
2008	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	24,085	 	 	 	15,234	 	 	 	98,418	 	 	 	95,892	 	
2009	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	17,942	 	 	 	21,057	 	
2010	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	85,743	 	 	 	84,607	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	199,788	 	 	$	204,000	 	 	$	262,726	 	 	$	176,590	 	 	$	1,834,582	 	 	$	1,818,221	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2009:	 	AAA	 	 	AA	 	 	A	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	
Underwriting Year	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	
2005 & Prior	 	$	398,619	 	 	$	403,551	 	 	$	57,602	 	 	$	51,754	 	 	$	75,449	 	 	$	55,124	 	
2006	 	 	292,369	 	 	 	280,475	 	 	 	41,649	 	 	 	34,854	 	 	 	41,128	 	 	 	34,859	 	
2007	 	 	223,827	 	 	 	216,853	 	 	 	6,922	 	 	 	2,267	 	 	 	64,860	 	 	 	56,996	 	
2008	 	 	19,050	 	 	 	19,790	 	 	 	29,211	 	 	 	26,617	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
2009	 	 	16,638	 	 	 	16,422	 	 	 	1,485	 	 	 	1,532	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	950,503	 	 	$	937,091	 	 	$	136,869	 	 	$	117,024	 	 	$	181,437	 	 	$	146,979	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	BBB	 	 	Below Investment Grade	 	 	Total	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	
Underwriting Year	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	
2005 & Prior	 	$	47,616	 	 	$	33,986	 	 	$	28,298	 	 	$	19,457	 	 	$	607,584	 	 	$	563,872	 	
2006	 	 	26,257	 	 	 	19,091	 	 	 	47,951	 	 	 	22,392	 	 	 	449,354	 	 	 	391,671	 	
2007	 	 	82,460	 	 	 	68,428	 	 	 	128,193	 	 	 	62,440	 	 	 	506,262	 	 	 	406,984	 	
2008	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	25,384	 	 	 	12,204	 	 	 	73,645	 	 	 	58,611	 	
2009	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	18,123	 	 	 	17,954	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	156,333	 	 	$	121,505	 	 	$	229,826	 	 	$	116,493	 	 	$	1,654,968	 	 	$	1,439,092	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     Asset-backed securities include credit card and automobile receivables, sub-prime mortgage-backed securities, home equity loans, manufactured housing bonds and collateralized debt obligations. The Company’s asset-backed securities are diversified by issuer and contain both floating and fixed rate securities and had a weighted average credit rating of “AA” at December 31, 2010 and 2009. The Company owns floating rate securities that represent approximately 17.6% and 19.0% of the total fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. These investments have a higher degree of income variability than the other fixed income holdings in the portfolio due to the floating rate nature of the interest payments. The Company holds these investments to match specific floating rate liabilities primarily reflected in the consolidated balance sheets as collateral finance facility. In addition to the risks associated with floating rate securities, principal risks in holding asset-backed securities are structural, credit and capital market risks. Structural risks include the securities’ priority in the issuer’s capital structure, the adequacy of and ability to realize proceeds from collateral, and the potential for prepayments. Credit risks include consumer or corporate credits such as credit card holders, equipment lessees, and corporate obligors. Capital market risks include general level of interest rates and the liquidity for these securities in the marketplace.
     As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company held investments in securities with sub-prime mortgage exposure with amortized costs totaling $155.3 million and $164.6 million, and estimated fair values of $115.8 million and $104.3 million, respectively. Those amounts include exposure to sub-prime mortgages through securities held directly in the
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Company’s investment portfolios within asset-backed securities, as well as securities backing the Company’s funds withheld at interest investment. The weighted average S&P credit ratings on these securities was approximately “BBB-” and “BBB+” at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Historically, these securities have been highly rated, however, in recent years have been downgraded by rating agencies, although the weighted average rating remains investment-grade. Additionally, the Company has largely avoided investing in securities originated since the second half of 2005, which management believes was a period of lessened underwriting quality. While ratings and vintage year are important factors to consider, the tranche seniority and evaluation of forecasted future losses within a tranche is critical to the valuation of these types of securities. The Company recorded other-than-temporary impairments of $4.0 million and $40.6 million, in its subprime portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, due primarily to the increased likelihood that some or all of the remaining scheduled principal and interest payments on select securities will not be received. The following tables summarize the securities by rating and underwriting year at December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2010:	 	AAA	 	 	AA	 	 	A	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	
Underwriting Year	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	
2005 & Prior	 	$	13,343	 	 	$	12,079	 	 	$	29,809	 	 	$	27,746	 	 	$	10,504	 	 	$	9,573	 	
2006	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
2007	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
2008 - 2010	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	13,343	 	 	$	12,079	 	 	$	29,809	 	 	$	27,746	 	 	$	10,504	 	 	$	9,573	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	BBB	 	 	Below Investment Grade	 	 	Total	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	
Underwriting Year	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	
2005 & Prior	 	$	22,608	 	 	$	19,213	 	 	$	71,582	 	 	$	41,308	 	 	$	147,846	 	 	$	109,919	 	
2006	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,152	 	 	 	2,508	 	 	 	2,152	 	 	 	2,508	 	
2007	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	5,279	 	 	 	3,329	 	 	 	5,279	 	 	 	3,329	 	
2008 - 2010	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	22,608	 	 	$	19,213	 	 	$	79,013	 	 	$	47,145	 	 	$	155,277	 	 	$	115,755	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2009:	 	AAA	 	 	AA	 	 	A	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	
Underwriting Year	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	
2005 & Prior	 	$	22,816	 	 	$	18,780	 	 	$	39,873	 	 	$	33,014	 	 	$	17,017	 	 	$	9,779	 	
2006	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
2007	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
2008 - 2009	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	22,816	 	 	$	18,780	 	 	$	39,873	 	 	$	33,014	 	 	$	17,017	 	 	$	9,779	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	BBB	 	 	Below Investment Grade	 	 	Total	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	
Underwriting Year	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	
2005 & Prior	 	$	24,394	 	 	$	12,593	 	 	$	39,203	 	 	$	18,686	 	 	$	143,303	 	 	$	92,852	 	
2006	 	 	4,985	 	 	 	1,507	 	 	 	4,566	 	 	 	2,563	 	 	 	9,551	 	 	 	4,070	 	
2007	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	11,709	 	 	 	7,372	 	 	 	11,709	 	 	 	7,372	 	
2008 - 2009	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	29,379	 	 	$	14,100	 	 	$	55,478	 	 	$	28,621	 	 	$	164,563	 	 	$	104,294	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     Alt-A is a classification of mortgage loans where the risk profile of the borrower falls between prime and sub-prime. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company’s Alt-A securities had an amortized cost of $145.4 million and $176.6 million, respectively, with an unrealized loss of $2.8 million and $21.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2010, 54.7% of the Alt-A securities were rated “AA-” or better. This amount includes securities directly held by the Company and securities held by ceding companies that support the Company’s funds withheld at interest investment. The Company recorded other-than-temporary impairments of $1.9 million and $14.6 million, in its Alt-A securities portfolio for the years
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ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, due primarily to the increased likelihood that some or all of the remaining scheduled principal and interest payments on certain securities will not be received.
     At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company’s fixed maturity and funds withheld portfolios included approximately $640.7 million and $601.8 million, respectively, in estimated fair value, of securities that are insured by various financial guarantors, or less than five percent of consolidated investments. The securities are diversified between municipal bonds and asset-backed securities with well diversified collateral pools. The Company held investment-grade securities issued by financial guarantors totaling $8.3 million in amortized cost at December 31, 2010 and 2009.
     The Company does not invest in the common equity securities of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, both government sponsored entities; however, as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company held in its general portfolio $60.1 million and $41.0 million, respectively, amortized cost in direct exposure in the form of senior unsecured agency and preferred securities with the increase attributable to purchases of senior unsecured agency debentures. Additionally, as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the portfolios held by ceding companies that support the Company’s funds withheld asset contain approximately $461.4 million and $543.6 million, respectively, in amortized cost of unsecured agency bond holdings and no equity exposure. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, indirect exposure in the form of secured, structured mortgaged securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac totaled approximately $0.9 billion in amortized cost across the Company’s general and funds withheld portfolios. Including the funds withheld portfolios, the Company’s direct holdings in the form of preferred securities had a total book value of $0.7 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009. The Company did not record any other-than-temporary impairments on its preferred holdings of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in 2010 or 2009.
     The Company monitors its fixed maturity securities and equity securities to determine impairments in value and evaluates factors such as financial condition of the issuer, payment performance, the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been below amortized cost, compliance with covenants, general market conditions and industry sector, current intent and ability to hold securities and various other subjective factors. Based on management’s judgment, securities determined to have an other-than-temporary impairment in value are written down to fair value. See “Investments — Other-than-Temporary Impairment” in Note 2 — “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. The Company recorded $35.9 million, $132.3 million and $131.1million in other-than-temporary investment impairments in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The impairments in 2010 were largely related to other-than-temporary impairments in Subprime/Alt A/Other structured securities, primarily due to a decline in the value of structured securities with exposure to commercial mortgages. The impairments in 2009 and 2008 were due primarily to the turmoil in the U.S. and global financial markets which resulted in bankruptcies, credit defaults, consolidations and government interventions. The table below summarizes other-than-temporary impairments for 2010, 2009 and 2008 (dollars in thousands).
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Subprime / Alt-A / Other structured securities	 	$	16,700	 	 	$	71,789	 	 	$	30,361	 	
Corporate / Other fixed maturity securities	 	 	13,175	 	 	 	41,000	 	 	 	82,952	 	
Equity securities	 	 	32	 	 	 	11,058	 	 	 	17,232	 	
Other	 	 	5,976	 	 	 	8,471	 	 	 	526	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	35,883	 	 	$	132,318	 	 	$	131,071	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     During 2010 and 2009, the Company sold fixed maturity securities and equity securities with fair values of $622.4 million and $687.8 million at losses of $28.7 million and $73.0 million, respectively, or at 95.6% and 90.4% of book value, respectively. The Company generally does not engage in short-term buying and selling of securities.
     At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company had $319.1 million and $584.9 million, respectively, of gross unrealized losses related to its fixed maturity and equity securities. The distribution of the gross unrealized losses related to these securities is shown below:
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 	 	December 31,	 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Sector:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	 	36	%	 	 	33	%	
Canadian and Canada provincial governments	 	 	1	 	 	 	4	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	8	 	 	 	12	 	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	19	 	 	 	14	 	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	31	 	 	 	29	 	
State and political subdivisions	 	 	3	 	 	 	3	 	
U.S. government and agencies	 	 	—	 	 	 	3	 	
Other foreign government securities	 	 	2	 	 	 	2	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	 	100	%	 	 	100	%	

Industry:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Finance	 	 	25	%	 	 	25	%	
Asset-backed	 	 	19	 	 	 	13	 	
Industrial	 	 	8	 	 	 	7	 	
Mortgage-backed	 	 	39	 	 	 	41	 	
Government	 	 	6	 	 	 	12	 	
Utility	 	 	3	 	 	 	2	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	 	100	%	 	 	100	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     The following table presents the total gross unrealized losses for 1,028 and 1,316 fixed maturity securities and equity securities at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by the indicated amount (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2010	 	 	December 31, 2009	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Number of	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	 	 	 	 	Number of	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Securities	 	 	Losses	 	 	% of Total	 	 	Securities	 	 	Losses	 	 	% of Total	 	
Less than 20%	 	 	908	 	 	$	146,404	 	 	 	45.9	%	 	 	1,112	 	 	$	254,075	 	 	 	43.4	%	
20% or more for less than six months	 	 	14	 	 	 	18,114	 	 	 	5.7	 	 	 	38	 	 	 	69,322	 	 	 	11.9	 	
20% or more for six months or greater	 	 	106	 	 	 	154,613	 	 	 	48.4	 	 	 	166	 	 	 	261,483	 	 	 	44.7	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	 	1,028	 	 	$	319,131	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	 	1,316	 	 	$	584,880	 	 	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, 66.1% and 71.4% of these gross unrealized losses were associated with securities that were investment grade. The Company’s fixed maturity portfolio has experienced a significant recovery of market value since December 31, 2009. The amount of the unrealized loss on these securities was primarily attributable to a widening of credit spreads since the time securities were purchased.
     While all of these securities are monitored for potential impairment, the Company believes that due to fluctuating market conditions and liquidity concerns, and the relatively recent high levels of price volatility, the extent and duration of a decline in value have become less indicative of when there has been credit deterioration with respect to an issuer. The Company’s determination of whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary includes analysis of the underlying credit and the extent and duration of a decline in value. The Company’s credit analysis of an investment includes determining whether the issuer is current on its contractual payments, evaluating whether it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security and analyzing the overall ability of the Company to recover the amortized cost of the investment. The Company continues to consider valuation declines as a potential indicator of credit deterioration.
     The following tables present the estimated fair values and gross unrealized losses, including other-than-temporary impairment losses reported in AOCI, for the 1,028 and 1,316 fixed maturity and equity securities that have estimated fair values below amortized cost as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively (dollars in thousands). These investments are presented by class and grade of security, as well as the length of time the related market value has remained below amortized cost.
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 	 	Less than 12 months	 	 	12 months or greater	 	 	Total	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	
 	 	Estimated	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Estimated	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Estimated	 	 	Unrealized	 	
December 31, 2010:	 	Fair Value	 	 	Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Losses	 	
Investment grade securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	$	1,170,016	 	 	$	34,097	 	 	$	368,128	 	 	$	61,945	 	 	$	1,538,144	 	 	$	96,042	 	
Canadian and Canadian provincial governments	 	 	118,585	 	 	 	3,886	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	118,585	 	 	 	3,886	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	195,406	 	 	 	4,986	 	 	 	105,601	 	 	 	13,607	 	 	 	301,007	 	 	 	18,593	 	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	23,065	 	 	 	570	 	 	 	131,172	 	 	 	38,451	 	 	 	154,237	 	 	 	39,021	 	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	132,526	 	 	 	4,143	 	 	 	109,158	 	 	 	29,059	 	 	 	241,684	 	 	 	33,202	 	
U.S. government and agencies	 	 	11,839	 	 	 	708	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	11,839	 	 	 	708	 	
State and political subdivisions	 	 	68,229	 	 	 	2,890	 	 	 	31,426	 	 	 	5,227	 	 	 	99,655	 	 	 	8,117	 	
Other foreign government securities	 	 	322,363	 	 	 	3,142	 	 	 	43,796	 	 	 	4,504	 	 	 	366,159	 	 	 	7,646	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment grade securities	 	 	2,042,029	 	 	 	54,422	 	 	 	789,281	 	 	 	152,793	 	 	 	2,831,310	 	 	 	207,215	 	

Non-investment grade securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	 	58,420	 	 	 	1,832	 	 	 	91,205	 	 	 	9,942	 	 	 	149,625	 	 	 	11,774	 	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	23,356	 	 	 	22,523	 	 	 	23,356	 	 	 	22,523	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,162	 	 	 	605	 	 	 	38,206	 	 	 	7,382	 	 	 	39,368	 	 	 	7,987	 	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	89,170	 	 	 	64,063	 	 	 	89,170	 	 	 	64,063	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total non-investment grade securities	 	 	59,582	 	 	 	2,437	 	 	 	241,937	 	 	 	103,910	 	 	 	301,519	 	 	 	106,347	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed maturity securities	 	$	2,101,611	 	 	$	56,859	 	 	$	1,031,218	 	 	$	256,703	 	 	$	3,132,829	 	 	$	313,562	 	

Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	$	15,987	 	 	$	834	 	 	$	28,549	 	 	$	4,464	 	 	$	44,536	 	 	$	5,298	 	
Other equity securities	 	 	6,877	 	 	 	271	 	 	 	318	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	7,195	 	 	 	271	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total equity securities	 	$	22,864	 	 	$	1,105	 	 	$	28,867	 	 	$	4,464	 	 	$	51,731	 	 	$	5,569	 	

Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position	 	 	520	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	508	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	1,028	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Less than 12 months	 	 	12 months or greater	 	 	Total	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	
 	 	Estimated	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Estimated	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Estimated	 	 	Unrealized	 	
December 31, 2009:	 	Fair Value	 	 	Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Losses	 	
Investment grade securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	$	735,455	 	 	$	32,887	 	 	$	862,208	 	 	$	114,404	 	 	$	1,597,663	 	 	$	147,291	 	
Canadian and Canadian provincial governments	 	 	494,718	 	 	 	15,374	 	 	 	135,315	 	 	 	10,372	 	 	 	630,033	 	 	 	25,746	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	402,642	 	 	 	23,671	 	 	 	197,320	 	 	 	20,185	 	 	 	599,962	 	 	 	43,856	 	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	48,651	 	 	 	1,927	 	 	 	166,603	 	 	 	57,262	 	 	 	215,254	 	 	 	59,189	 	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	177,360	 	 	 	10,312	 	 	 	425,793	 	 	 	79,297	 	 	 	603,153	 	 	 	89,609	 	
U.S. government and agencies	 	 	496,514	 	 	 	15,027	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	496,514	 	 	 	15,027	 	
State and political subdivisions	 	 	34,612	 	 	 	3,397	 	 	 	40,945	 	 	 	11,437	 	 	 	75,557	 	 	 	14,834	 	
Other foreign government securities	 	 	240,216	 	 	 	8,370	 	 	 	30,321	 	 	 	4,901	 	 	 	270,537	 	 	 	13,271	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment grade securities	 	 	2,630,168	 	 	 	110,965	 	 	 	1,858,505	 	 	 	297,858	 	 	 	4,488,673	 	 	 	408,823	 	

Non-investment grade securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	 	37,232	 	 	 	11,310	 	 	 	172,146	 	 	 	22,181	 	 	 	209,378	 	 	 	33,491	 	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	6,738	 	 	 	3,256	 	 	 	24,408	 	 	 	17,686	 	 	 	31,146	 	 	 	20,942	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	10,657	 	 	 	1,909	 	 	 	66,756	 	 	 	24,250	 	 	 	77,413	 	 	 	26,159	 	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	57,179	 	 	 	79,818	 	 	 	57,179	 	 	 	79,818	 	
State and political subdivisions	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	5,170	 	 	 	2,910	 	 	 	5,170	 	 	 	2,910	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total non-investment grade securities	 	 	54,627	 	 	 	16,475	 	 	 	325,659	 	 	 	146,845	 	 	 	380,286	 	 	 	163,320	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed maturity securities	 	$	2,684,795	 	 	$	127,440	 	 	$	2,184,164	 	 	$	444,703	 	 	$	4,868,959	 	 	$	572,143	 	

Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	$	8,320	 	 	$	1,263	 	 	$	68,037	 	 	$	11,065	 	 	$	76,357	 	 	$	12,328	 	
Other equity securities	 	 	5	 	 	 	15	 	 	 	7,950	 	 	 	394	 	 	 	7,955	 	 	 	409	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total equity securities	 	$	8,325	 	 	$	1,278	 	 	$	75,987	 	 	$	11,459	 	 	$	84,312	 	 	$	12,737	 	

Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position	 	 	582	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	734	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	1,316	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     As of December 31, 2010, the Company does not intend to sell these fixed maturity securities and does not believe it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell these fixed maturity securities before the recovery of the fair value up to the current amortized cost of the investment, which may be maturity. However, unforeseen facts and circumstances may cause the Company to sell fixed maturity securities in the ordinary course of managing its portfolio to meet diversification, credit quality, asset-liability management and liquidity guidelines.
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     As of December 31, 2010, the Company has the ability and intent to hold the equity securities until the recovery of the fair value up to the current cost of the investment. However, from time to time if facts and circumstances change, the Company may sell equity securities in the ordinary course of managing its portfolio to meet diversification, credit quality and liquidity guidelines.
     As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, the Company classified approximately 10.1% and 15.3% of its fixed maturity securities in the Level 3 category (refer to Note 6 — “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). These securities primarily consist of private placement corporate securities with an inactive trading market, commercial mortgage-backed securities, residential mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities with subprime exposure in the Level 3 category due to the current market uncertainty associated with these securities and the Company’s utilization of information from third parties.
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
     Mortgage loans represented approximately 3.8% and 4.0% of the Company’s cash and invested assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. As of December 31, 2010, all mortgages were U.S. based with approximately 83.7% invested in mortgages on commercial offices, industrial properties and retail locations. The Company’s mortgage loans generally range in size up to $15.0 million, with the average mortgage loan investment as of December 31, 2010 totaling approximately $4.5 million. The mortgage loan portfolio was diversified by geographic region and property type as discussed further in Note 4 — “Investments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Valuation allowances on mortgage loans are established based upon losses expected by management to be realized in connection with future dispositions or settlement of mortgage loans, including foreclosures. The valuation allowances are established after management considers, among other things, the value of underlying collateral and payment capabilities of debtors. Any subsequent adjustments to the valuation allowances will be treated as investment gains or losses. Information regarding the Company’s loan valuation allowances for mortgage loans as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Balance at January 1,	 	$	5,784	 	 	$	526	 	
Charge-offs	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,371	)	
Provisions	 	 	455	 	 	 	7,629	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31,	 	$	6,239	 	 	$	5,784	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Information regarding the portion of the Company’s mortgage loans that were impaired as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Impaired loans with valuation allowances	 	$	18,745	 	 	$	14,967	 	
Impaired loans without valuation allowances	 	 	16,901	 	 	 	14,317	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Subtotal	 	 	35,646	 	 	 	29,284	 	
Less: Valuation allowances on impaired loans	 	 	6,239	 	 	 	5,784	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Impaired loans	 	$	29,407	 	 	$	23,500	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     The Company’s average investment in impaired loans was $3.6 million and $3.3 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 respectively. Interest income on impaired loans was $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The Company has an unpaid principal balance on impaired mortgage loans of $35.6 million at December 31, 2010. The Company did not acquire any impaired mortgage loans during the year ended December 31, 2010. The Company has $10.4 million of mortgage loans that are on a nonaccrual status at December 31, 2010.
Policy Loans
     Policy loans comprised approximately 5.3% and 5.8% of the Company’s cash and invested assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, substantially all of which are associated with one client. These policy loans present no credit risk because the amount of the loan cannot exceed the obligation due the ceding company upon the death of the insured or surrender of the underlying policy. The provisions of the treaties in force and the underlying policies determine the policy loan interest rates. Because policy loans represent premature distributions of policy liabilities, they have the effect of reducing future disintermediation risk. In addition, the Company earns a spread between the interest rate earned on policy loans and the interest rate credited to corresponding liabilities.
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Funds Withheld at Interest
     The majority of the Company’s funds withheld at interest balances are associated with its reinsurance of annuity contracts. The funds withheld receivable balance totaled $5.4 billion and $4.9 billion at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, of which $3.8 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively, were subject to the general accounting principles for  Derivatives and Hedging  related to embedded derivatives. Under these principles, the Company’s funds withheld receivable under certain reinsurance arrangements incorporate credit risk exposures that are unrelated or only partially related to the creditworthiness of the obligor and include an embedded derivative feature that is not clearly and closely related to the host contract. Therefore, the embedded derivative feature must be measured at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets and changes in fair value reported in income. See “Embedded Derivatives” in Note 2 — “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
     Funds withheld at interest comprised approximately 23.4% and 24.8% of the Company’s cash and invested assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Of the $5.4 billion funds withheld at interest balance as of December 31, 2010, $3.8 billion of the balance is associated with one client. For reinsurance agreements written on a modified coinsurance basis and certain agreements written on a coinsurance basis, assets equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld and legally owned and managed by the ceding company, and are reflected as funds withheld at interest on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. In the event of a ceding company’s insolvency, the Company would need to assert a claim on the assets supporting its reserve liabilities. However, the risk of loss to the Company is mitigated by its ability to offset amounts it owes the ceding company for claims or allowances with amounts owed by the ceding company. Interest accrues to these assets at rates defined by the treaty terms and the Company estimated the yields were approximately 7.20%, 7.69% and 3.54% for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Changes in these estimated yields are affected by equity options held in the funds withheld portfolio associated with equity-indexed annuity treaties. Additionally, under certain treaties the Company is subject to the investment performance on the withheld assets, although it does not directly control them. These assets are primarily fixed maturity investment securities and pose risks similar to the fixed maturity securities the Company owns. To mitigate this risk, the Company helps set the investment guidelines followed by the ceding company and monitors compliance. Ceding companies with funds withheld at interest had an average rating of “A” at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Certain ceding companies maintain segregated portfolios for the benefit of the Company.
     Based on data provided by ceding companies at December 31, 2010 and 2009, funds withheld at interest were approximately (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2010	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	% of Total Estimated	 	
Underlying Security Type:	 	Book Value	 	 	Estimated Fair Value	 	 	Fair Value	 	
Segregated portfolios:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment grade corporate securities	 	$	1,812,429	 	 	$	1,882,004	 	 	 	43.9	%	
Below investment grade corporate securities	 	 	151,895	 	 	 	139,924	 	 	 	3.2	 	
Structured securities	 	 	901,314	 	 	 	891,685	 	 	 	20.8	 	
U.S. government and agency debentures	 	 	396,803	 	 	 	470,778	 	 	 	11.0	 	
Derivatives(1)	 	 	51,571	 	 	 	61,084	 	 	 	1.4	 	
Other	 	 	834,136	 	 	 	844,565	 	 	 	19.7	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total segregated portfolios	 	 	4,148,148	 	 	 	4,290,040	 	 	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-segregated derivatives	 	 	1,548,024	 	 	 	1,548,024	 	 	 	 	 	
Embedded derivatives(2)	 	 	(274,220	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total funds withheld at interest	 	$	5,421,952	 	 	$	5,838,064	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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 	 	December 31, 2009	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	% of Total Estimated	 	
Underlying Security Type:	 	Book Value	 	 	Estimated Fair Value	 	 	Fair Value	 	
Segregated portfolios:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment grade corporate securities	 	$	1,931,369	 	 	$	1,956,417	 	 	 	51.0	%	
Below investment grade corporate securities	 	 	203,672	 	 	 	158,114	 	 	 	4.1	 	
Structured securities	 	 	1,133,204	 	 	 	945,165	 	 	 	24.6	 	
U.S. government and agency debentures	 	 	499,763	 	 	 	543,226	 	 	 	14.2	 	
Derivatives(1)	 	 	160,382	 	 	 	197,860	 	 	 	5.1	 	
Other	 	 	37,161	 	 	 	36,488	 	 	 	1.0	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total segregated portfolios	 	 	3,965,551	 	 	 	3,837,270	 	 	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-segregated derivatives	 	 	1,364,299	 	 	 	1,364,299	 	 	 	 	 	
Embedded derivatives(2)	 	 	(434,494	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total funds withheld at interest	 	$	4,895,356	 	 	$	5,201,569	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	
(1)	 	Derivatives primarily consist of S&P 500 options which are used to hedge liabilities and interest credited for equity-indexed annuity contracts reinsured by the Company.	
 	 	 	
(2)	 	Represents the fair value of embedded derivatives related to reinsurance written on a modified coinsurance or funds withheld basis and subject to the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging related to embedded derivatives for the segregated portfolios. When the segregated portfolios are presented on a fair value basis in the “Estimated Fair Value” column, the calculation of a separate embedded derivative is not applicable.	
     Based on data provided by the ceding companies at December 31, 2010, the maturity distribution of the segregated portfolio portion of funds withheld at interest was approximately (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2010	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	% of Total Estimated	 	
Maturity	 	Book Value	 	 	Estimated Fair Value	 	 	Fair Value	 	
Within one year	 	$	268,180	 	 	$	278,763	 	 	 	6.0	%	
More than one, less than five years	 	 	1,143,226	 	 	 	1,180,791	 	 	 	25.3	 	
More than five, less than ten years	 	 	1,491,368	 	 	 	1,598,295	 	 	 	34.3	 	
Ten years or more	 	 	1,614,796	 	 	 	1,601,613	 	 	 	34.4	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Subtotal	 	 	4,517,570	 	 	 	4,659,462	 	 	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Less: Reverse repurchase agreements	 	 	(369,422	)	 	 	(369,422	)	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total all years	 	$	4,148,148	 	 	$	4,290,040	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Invested Assets
     Other invested assets include equity securities, non-redeemable preferred stocks, limited partnership interests, structured loans and derivative contracts. Other invested assets represented approximately 3.1% and 2.6% of the Company’s cash and invested assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Carrying values of these assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	$	99,550	 	 	$	113,198	 	
Equity securities	 	 	40,661	 	 	 	58,359	 	
Limited partnerships	 	 	214,105	 	 	 	156,573	 	
Structured loans	 	 	229,583	 	 	 	150,677	 	
Derivatives	 	 	34,929	 	 	 	24,156	 	
Other	 	 	88,575	 	 	 	13,123	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other invested assets	 	$	707,403	 	 	$	516,086	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     The Company recorded $0.1 million, $12.0 million and $17.2 million in other-than-temporary impairments on other invested assets in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
     The Company has utilized derivative financial instruments, primarily to protect the Company against possible changes in the fair value of its investment portfolio as a result of interest rate changes, to hedge liabilities associated with the reinsurance of variable annuities with guaranteed living benefits and to manage the portfolio’s effective yield, maturity and duration. In addition, the Company has used derivative financial instruments to reduce the risk associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company uses both exchange-traded and customized over-the-counter derivative
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financial instruments. The Company’s use of derivative financial instruments historically has not been significant to its financial position.
     The following table presents the notional amounts and fair value of investment related derivative instruments held at December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2010	 	 	December 31, 2009	 	
 	 	Notional	 	 	Carrying Value/Fair Value	 	 	Notional	 	 	Carrying Value/Fair Value	 	
 	 	Amount	 	 	Assets	 	 	Liabilities	 	 	Amount	 	 	Assets	 	 	Liabilities	 	
Interest rate swaps	 	$	2,324,636	 	 	$	20,042	 	 	$	18,850	 	 	$	1,410,353	 	 	$	17,962	 	 	$	47,738	 	
Financial futures	 	 	210,295	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	200,436	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Foreign currency swaps	 	 	615,323	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	45,749	 	 	 	226,715	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	9,008	 	
Foreign currency forwards	 	 	39,700	 	 	 	5,924	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	40,500	 	 	 	2,200	 	 	 	—	 	
Consumer Price index (“CPI”) swaps	 	 	120,340	 	 	 	1,491	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	124,034	 	 	 	1,631	 	 	 	—	 	
Credit default swaps	 	 	392,500	 	 	 	2,429	 	 	 	131	 	 	 	367,500	 	 	 	2,363	 	 	 	249	 	
Equity options	 	 	33,041	 	 	 	5,043	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	3,735,835	 	 	$	34,929	 	 	$	64,730	 	 	$	2,369,538	 	 	$	24,156	 	 	$	56,995	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
     The Company may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. Generally, the credit exposure of the Company’s derivative contracts is limited to the fair value at the reporting date plus or minus any collateral posted or held by the Company. At December 31, 2010, excluding futures, the Company had credit exposure related to its derivative contracts of $6.3 million. At December 31, 2009, the Company had no credit exposure related to its derivative contracts.
     The Company manages its credit risk related to over-the-counter derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through the use of master agreements that provide for a single net payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due date and upon termination. Because exchange-traded futures are affected through regulated exchanges, and positions are marked to market on a daily basis, the Company has minimal exposure to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to such derivative instruments. See Note 5 — “Derivative Instruments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments.
Enterprise Risk Management
     RGA maintains an Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) program, which is responsible for consistently identifying, assessing, mitigating, monitoring, and reporting material risks facing the enterprise. This includes development and implementation of mitigation strategies to reduce exposures to these risks to acceptable levels. Risk management is an integral part of the Company’s culture and is interwoven in day to day activities. It includes guidelines, risk appetites, risk limits, and other controls in areas such as pricing, underwriting, currency, administration, investments, asset liability management, counterparty exposure, financing, regulatory change, business continuity planning, human resources, liquidity, sovereign risks and information technology development.
     The Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”), aided by Business Unit Chief Risk Officers and Risk Management Officers, is responsible for ensuring, on an ongoing basis, that objectives of the ERM framework are met; this includes ensuring proper risk controls are in place, that risks are effectively identified and managed, and that key risks to which the firm is exposed are disclosed to appropriate stakeholders. For each Business Unit and key risk, a Risk Management Officer is assigned. In addition to this network of Risk Management Officers, the Company also has risk focused committees such as the Business Continuity Management Steering Committee, Consolidated Investment Committee, Asset and Liability Management Committee and the Regulatory Change Steering Committee. These committees are comprised of various risk experts and have overlapping membership, enabling consistent and holistic management of risks. These committees report directly or indirectly to the Risk Management Steering Committee. The Risk Management Steering Committee, which includes senior management executives, including the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the CRO, is the primary source of risk management of the Company.
     The Risk Management Steering Committee, through the CRO, reports regularly to the Finance, Investments, and Risk Management (“FIRM”) Committee, a committee of the Board of Directors responsible for overseeing the management of RGA’s ERM programs and policies. The Board has other committees, such as the Audit Committee, whose responsibilities
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include aspects of risk management. The CRO reports to the CEO and has a direct access to the Board of the company through the FIRM Committee.
     Specific risk assessments and descriptions can be found below and in Item 1A — “Risk Factors”.
Mortality Risk Management
     In the event that mortality or morbidity experience develops in excess of expectations, some reinsurance treaties allow for increases to future premium rates. Other treaties include experience refund provisions, which may also help reduce RGA’s mortality risk. In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to limit its exposure to loss on any single insured and to recover a portion of claims paid by ceding reinsurance to other insurance enterprises or retrocessionaires under excess coverage and coinsurance contracts. In individual life markets, the Company retains a maximum of $8.0 million of coverage per individual life. In certain limited situations, due to the acquisition of in force blocks of business, the Company has retained more than $8.0 million per individual life. In total, the Company has identified 17 such cases of over-retained lives, for a total amount of $54.9 million over the Company’s normal retention limit. These amounts include 8 cases with $36.3 million of exposure related to second to die policies with coverages split between multiple insureds. The largest amount in excess of the Company’s retention on any one life is $19.5 million. The Company enters into agreements with other reinsurers to mitigate the residual risk related to the over-retained policies. Additionally, due to some lower face amount reinsurance coverages provided by the Company in addition to individual life, such as group life, disability and health, under certain circumstances, the Company could potentially incur claims totaling more than $8.0 million per individual life.
     The Company maintains a catastrophe insurance program (“Program”) that renews on September 7th of each year. The current Program began September 7, 2010, and covers events involving 10 or more insured deaths from a single occurrence. The Company retains the first $25 million in claims, the Program covers the next $75 million in claims, and the Company retains all claims in excess of $100 million. The Program covers reinsurance programs worldwide and includes losses due to acts of terrorism, including terrorism losses due to nuclear, chemical and/or biological events. The Program also includes losses from earthquakes occurring in California, but excludes, among other things, losses from pandemics. The Program is insured by 16 insurance companies and Lloyd’s Syndicates, with only one single entity providing more than $10 million of coverage.
Insurance Counterparty Risk
     In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to limit its exposure to reinsurance contracts by ceding a portion of the reinsurance to other insurance companies or reinsurers. Should a counterparty not be able to fulfill its obligation to the Company under a reinsurance agreement, the impact could be material to the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. In addition, certain reinsurance structures can lead to counterparty risk to the Company’s clients.
     Generally, RGA’s insurance subsidiaries retrocede amounts in excess of their retention to RGA Reinsurance, Parkway Re, RGA Barbados, RGA Americas, Manor Re, RGA Worldwide or RGA Atlantic. External retrocessions are arranged through the Company’s retrocession pools for amounts in excess of its retention. As of December 31, 2010, all retrocession pool members in this excess retention pool reviewed by the A.M. Best Company were rated “A-”, the fourth highest rating out of fifteen possible ratings, or better. For a majority of the retrocessionaires that were not rated, letters of credit or trust assets have been given as additional security in favor of RGA Reinsurance. In addition, the Company performs annual financial and in force reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability and performance.
     The Company has never experienced a material default in connection with retrocession arrangements, nor has it experienced any material difficulty in collecting claims recoverable from retrocessionaires; however, no assurance can be given as to the future performance of such retrocessionaires or as to the recoverability of any such claims.
     The Company relies upon its clients to provide timely, accurate information. The Company may experience volatility in its earnings as a result of erroneous or untimely reporting from its clients. The Company works closely with its clients and monitors this risk in an effort to minimize its exposure.
Market Risk
     Market risk is the risk of loss that may occur when fluctuation in interest and currency exchange rates and equity and commodity prices change the value of a financial instrument. Both derivative and non-derivative financial instruments have market risk so the Company’s risk management extends beyond derivatives to encompass all financial instruments held that are sensitive to market risk. The Company is primarily exposed to interest rate risk and foreign currency risk.
Interest Rate Risk:
     This risk arises from many of the Company’s primary activities, as the Company invests substantial funds in interest-
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sensitive assets and also has certain interest-sensitive contract liabilities. The Company manages interest rate risk and credit risk to maximize the return on the Company’s capital effectively and to preserve the value created by its business operations. As such, certain management monitoring processes are designed to minimize the effect of sudden and/or sustained changes in interest rates on fair value, cash flows, and net interest income. The Company manages its exposure to interest rates primarily by matching floating rate liabilities with corresponding floating rate assets and by matching fixed rate liabilities with corresponding fixed rate assets. On a limited basis, the Company uses equity options to minimize its exposure to movements in equity markets that have a direct correlation with certain of its reinsurance products.
     The Company’s exposure to interest rate price risk and interest rate cash flow risk is reviewed on a quarterly basis. Interest rate price risk exposure is measured using interest rate sensitivity analysis to determine the change in fair value of the Company’s financial instruments in the event of a hypothetical change in interest rates. Interest rate cash flow risk exposure is measured using interest rate sensitivity analysis to determine the Company’s variability in cash flows in the event of a hypothetical change in interest rates.
     In order to reduce the exposure of changes in fair values from interest rate fluctuations, the Company has developed strategies to manage its liquidity and increase the interest rate sensitivity of its asset base. From time to time, the Company has utilized the swap market to manage the volatility of cash flows to interest rate fluctuations.
     Interest rate sensitivity analysis is used to measure the Company’s interest rate price risk by computing estimated changes in fair value of fixed rate assets and liabilities in the event of a hypothetical 10% change (increase or decrease) in market interest rates. The Company does not have fixed rate instruments classified as trading securities. The Company’s projected loss in fair value of financial instruments in the event of a 10% unfavorable change in market interest rates at its fiscal years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 was $429.8 million and $355.5 million, respectively.
     The calculation of fair value is based on the net present value of estimated discounted cash flows expected over the life of the market risk sensitive instruments, using market prepayment assumptions and market rates of interest provided by independent broker quotations and other public sources, with adjustments made to reflect the shift in the treasury yield curve as appropriate.
     At December 31, 2010, the Company’s estimated changes in fair value were within the targets outlined in the Company’s investment policy.
     Interest rate sensitivity analysis is also used to measure the Company’s interest rate cash flow risk by computing estimated changes in the cash flows expected in the near term attributable to floating rate assets and liabilities in the event of a range of assumed changes in market interest rates. This analysis assesses the risk of loss in cash flows in the near term in market risk sensitive floating rate instruments in the event of a hypothetical 10% change (increase or decrease) in market interest rates. The Company does not have variable rate instruments classified as trading securities. The Company’s projected decrease in cash flows in the near term associated with floating rate instruments in the event of a 10% unfavorable change in market interest rates at its fiscal years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 was $6.8 million.
     The cash flows from interest payments move in the same direction as interest rates for the Company’s floating rate instruments. The volatility in mortgage prepayments partially offsets the cash flows from interest. At December 31, 2010, the Company’s estimated changes in cash flows were within the targets outlined in the Company’s investment policy.
     Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, and mortgage prepayments, and should not be relied on as indicative of future results. Further, the computations do not contemplate any actions management could undertake in response to changes in interest rates.
     Certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented in the computation of the estimated fair value of fixed rate instruments and the estimated cash flows of floating rate instruments, which constitute forward-looking statements. Actual values may differ materially from those projections presented due to a number of factors, including, without limitation, market conditions varying from assumptions used in the calculation of the fair value. In the event of a change in interest rates, prepayments could deviate significantly from those assumed in the calculation of fair value. Finally, the desire of many borrowers to repay their fixed rate mortgage loans may decrease in the event of interest rate increases.
Foreign Currency Risk:
     The Company is subject to foreign currency translation, transaction, and net income exposure. The Company manages its exposure to currency principally by matching invested assets with the underlying reinsurance liabilities to the extent possible. The Company has in place net investment hedges for a portion of its investments in its Canada and Australia operations. Translation differences resulting from translating foreign subsidiary balances to U.S. dollars are reflected in
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stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company generally does not hedge the foreign currency exposure of its subsidiaries transacting business in currencies other than their functional currency (transaction exposure). The majority of the Company’s foreign currency transactions are denominated in Canadian dollars, British pounds, Australian dollars, Japanese yen, Korean won, Euros, and the South African rand.
Market Risk Associated with Annuities with Guaranteed Minimum Benefits:
The Company reinsures variable annuities including those with guaranteed minimum death benefits (“GMDB”), guaranteed minimum income benefits (“GMIB”), guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”) and guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”). Strong equity markets, increases in interest rates and decreases in volatility will generally decrease the fair value of the liabilities underlying the benefits. Conversely, a decrease in the equity markets along with a decrease in interest rates and an increase in volatility will generally result in an increase in the fair value of the liabilities underlying the benefits, which has the effect of increasing reserves and lowering earnings. The Company maintains a customized dynamic hedging program that is designed to mitigate the risks associated with income volatility around the change in reserves on guaranteed benefits. However, the hedge positions may not fully offset the changes in the carrying value of the guarantees due to, among other things, time lags, high levels of volatility in the equity and derivative markets, extreme swings in interest rates, unexpected contract holder behavior, and divergence between the performance of the underlying funds and hedging indices. These factors, individually or collectively, may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s net income, financial condition or liquidity. The table below provides a summary of variable annuity account values and the fair value of the guaranteed benefits as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in millions)	 	December 31, 2010	 	 	December 31, 2009	 	
No guarantee minimum benefits	 	$	1,156.3	 	 	$	1,231.2	 	
GMDB only	 	 	89.9	 	 	 	78.7	 	
GMIB only	 	 	6.3	 	 	 	5.7	 	
GMAB only	 	 	64.2	 	 	 	62.1	 	
GMWB only	 	 	1,735.3	 	 	 	1,563.0	 	
GMDB / WB	 	 	491.6	 	 	 	437.4	 	
Other	 	 	35.7	 	 	 	34.3	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total variable annuity account values	 	$	3,579.3	 	 	$	3,412.4	 	

Fair value of liabilities associated with living benefit riders	 	$	52.5	 	 	$	23.7	 	
Inflation
     The primary, direct effect on the Company of inflation is the increase in operating expenses. A large portion of the Company’s operating expenses consists of salaries, which are subject to wage increases at least partly affected by the rate of inflation. The rate of inflation also has an indirect effect on the Company. To the extent that a government’s policies to control the level of inflation result in changes in interest rates, the Company’s investment income is affected.
New Accounting Standards
     Changes to the general accounting principles are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of accounting standards updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™. Accounting standards updates not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Consolidation and Business Combinations
     In December 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Business Combinations as it relates to the disclosure of supplementary pro forma information for business combinations. The amendment requires the disclosure of pro forma information for business combinations that occurred in the current reporting period. The disclosures include pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the current reporting period as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the year had been as of the beginning of the annual reporting period. This amendment also explains that if comparative financial statements are presented, the pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the comparable prior reporting period should be reported as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the current year had been as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The adoption of this amendment is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
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     In February 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Consolidation as it relates to the assessment of a variable interest entity for potential consolidation. The amendment defers the effective date of the  Consolidation  amendment made in June 2009 for certain variable interest entities. This update also clarifies how a related party’s interest should be considered when evaluating variable interests. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after January 31, 2010. The adoption of this amendment did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
     In January 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Consolidation as it relates to decreases in ownership of a subsidiary. This amendment clarifies the scope of the decrease in ownership provisions. This amendment also requires additional disclosures about the deconsolidation of a subsidiary or derecognition of a group of assets. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
     In June 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Consolidation as it relates to the assessment of a variable interest entity for potential consolidation. This amendment also requires additional disclosures to provide transparent information regarding the involvement in a variable interest entity. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
     In December 2007, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Business Combinations. This amendment establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures certain items in a business combination, as well as disclosures about the nature and financial effects of a business combination. The FASB also amended the general accounting principles for  Consolidation  as it relates to noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements. This amendment establishes accounting and reporting standards surrounding noncontrolling interest, or minority interests, which are the portions of equity in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008 and apply prospectively to business combinations. Presentation and disclosure requirements related to noncontrolling interests must be retrospectively applied. The adoption of these amendments did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Investments
     In July 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Receivables as it relates to the disclosures about the credit quality of financing receivables and the allowance for credit losses. This amendment requires additional disclosures that provide a greater level of disaggregated information about the credit quality of financing receivables and the allowance for credit losses. It also requires the disclosure of credit quality indicators, past due information, and modifications of financing receivables. The amendment is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending on or after December 15, 2010, except for disclosures about activity that occurs during the reporting period. Those disclosures are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The Company adopted the effective portions of this amendment in the fourth quarter of 2010 and is evaluating the impact of the disclosures about activity that occurs during the reporting period. The required disclosures are provided in Note 4 — “Investments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
     In April 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Investments as it relates to the recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairments. This amendment updates the other-than-temporary impairment guidance for fixed maturity securities to make it more operational and to improve the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) on fixed maturity and equity securities in the financial statements. The recognition provisions apply only to fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity, while the presentation and disclosure requirements apply to both fixed maturity and equity securities. An impaired fixed maturity security will be considered other-than-temporarily impaired if the Company has the intent to sell or it more likely than not will be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost. If the holder of a fixed maturity security does not expect recovery of the entire cost basis, even if there is no intention to sell the security, an OTTI has occurred. This amendment also changes how an entity recognizes an OTTI for a fixed maturity security by separating the loss between the amount representing the credit loss and the amount relating to other factors, if the Company does not have the intent to sell or it more likely than not will not be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost less any current period credit loss. Credit losses will be recognized in net income and losses relating to other factors will be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). If the Company has the intent to sell or it more likely than not will be required to sell before its recovery of amortized cost less any current period credit loss, the entire OTTI will be recognized in net income. This amendment is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment resulted in a net after-tax increase to
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retained earnings and a decrease to accumulated other comprehensive income of $4.4 million, as of April 1, 2009. The required disclosures are provided in Note 4 — “Investments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Transfers and Servicing
     In June 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Transfers and Servicing as it relates to the transfers of financial assets. This amendment also requires additional disclosures to address concerns regarding the transparency of transfers of financial assets. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
     In February 2008, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Transfers and Servicing as it relates to the accounting for transfers of financial assets and repurchase financing transactions. This amendment provides guidance for evaluating whether to account for a transfer of a financial asset and repurchase financing as a single transaction or as two separate transactions. The amendment is effective prospectively for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Derivatives and Hedging
     In March 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging as it relates to embedded derivatives. This amendment clarifies the scope exception for embedded credit derivative features related to the transfer of credit risk in the form of subordination of a financial instrument to another. The amendment is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after June 15, 2010. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
     In March 2008, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging as it relates to the disclosures about derivative instruments and hedging activities. This amendment requires enhanced qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. The amendment is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company adopted this amendment in the first quarter of 2009. The required disclosures are provided in Note 5 — “Derivative Instruments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures
     In January 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures as it relates to the disclosures about fair value measurements. This amendment requires new disclosures about the transfers in and out of Level 1 and 2 measurements and also enhances disclosures about the activity within the Level 3 measurements. It also clarifies the required level of disaggregation and the disclosures regarding valuation techniques and inputs to fair value measurements. The amendment is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the enhanced Level 3 disclosures. Those disclosures are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The Company adopted the effective portions of this amendment in the first quarter of 2010 and is evaluating the impact of the enhanced Level 3 disclosures. The required disclosures are provided in Note 6 — “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
     In September 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures as it relates to the fair value measurement of investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value per share. This amendment allows the fair value of certain investments to be measured on the basis of the net asset value. It also requires disclosure, by major category type, of the attributes of those investments, such as the nature of any restrictions on redemption, any unfunded commitments, and the investment strategies of the investees. The amendment is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
     In August 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures as it relates to measuring liabilities at fair value. This amendment provides guidance for measuring liabilities at fair value when a quoted price in an active market for the identical liability is not available. It also clarifies that the inclusion of a separate input, used in the fair value measurement, relating to the existence of a restriction that prevents the transfer of a
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liability is not necessary. The amendment is effective for interim and annual reporting beginning after issuance. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
     In April 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures as it relates to determining fair value when the volume and level of activity for asset or liability have significantly decreased and identifying transactions that are not orderly. This amendment provides additional guidance for estimating fair value when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased in relation to normal market activity for the asset or liability and clarifies that the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. It also provides additional guidance on circumstances that may indicate a transaction is not orderly. Further, it requires additional disclosures about fair value measurements in annual and interim reporting periods. This amendment is effective prospectively for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The required disclosures are provided in Note 6 — “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
     In October 2008, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures as it relates to determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that asset is not active. This amendment clarifies the application of fair value in a market that is not active and provides an example to illustrate key considerations in determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that financial asset is not active. The amendment was effective upon issuance on October 10, 2008, including prior periods for which financial statements had not been issued. The Company did not consider it necessary to change any valuation techniques as a result of the amendment. The Company also adopted an amendment that delayed the effective date of fair value measurement for certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The effective date was delayed until January 1, 2009 and impacts balance sheet items including nonfinancial assets and liabilities in a business combination and the impairment testing of goodwill and long-lived assets. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
     In October 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Financial Services — Insurance as it relates to accounting for costs associated with acquiring or renewing insurance contracts. This amendment clarifies that only those costs that result directly from and are essential to the contract transaction and that would not have been incurred had the contract transaction not occurred can be capitalized. It also defines acquisitions costs as costs that are related directly to the successful acquisitions of new or renewal insurance contracts. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements.
Compensation
     In April 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Compensation as it relates to stock compensation. This amendment clarifies that an employee share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which a substantial portion of the entity’s equity securities trades should not be considered to contain a condition that is not a market, performance, or service condition. Therefore, such an award should not be classified as a liability if it otherwise qualifies as equity. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The adoption of this amendment is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
     In December 2008, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Compensation as it relates to employers disclosures about postretirement benefit plan assets. This amendment provides guidance for disclosure of the types of assets and associated risks in retirement plans. The new disclosures are designed to provide additional insight into the major categories of plan assets, the inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of plan assets, the effect of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs on changes in plan assets for the period, significant concentrations of risk within plan assets and how investment decisions are made, including factors necessary to understanding investment policies and strategies. The disclosures about plan assets required by this amendment is effective for financial statements with fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The required disclosures are provided in Note 10 — “Employee Benefit Plans” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Debt
     In October 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Debt as it relates to the accounting for own-share lending arrangements entered into in contemplation of a convertible debt issuance or other financing. This amendment provides accounting and disclosure guidance for own-share lending arrangements issued in contemplation of convertible debt issuance. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Equity
     In January 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Equity as it relates to distributions to shareholders with components of stock and cash. This amendment clarifies that the stock portion of a distribution to shareholders, which allows them to elect to receive cash or stock with a limitation on the total amount of cash that shareholders can receive, is considered a share issuance that is reflected in earnings per share prospectively and is not a stock dividend. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
     Information required by Item 7A is contained in Item 7 under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Market Risk”
Item 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 	 	December 31,	 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
 	 	(Dollars in thousands, except share data)	 	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fixed maturity securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Available-for-sale at fair value (amortized cost of $13,345,022 and $11,616,957 at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively)	 	$	14,304,597	 	 	$	11,763,358	 	
Mortgage loans on real estate (net of allowances of $6,239 and $5,784 at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively)	 	 	885,811	 	 	 	791,668	 	
Policy loans	 	 	1,228,418	 	 	 	1,136,564	 	
Funds withheld at interest	 	 	5,421,952	 	 	 	4,895,356	 	
Short-term investments	 	 	118,387	 	 	 	121,060	 	
Other invested assets	 	 	707,403	 	 	 	516,086	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investments	 	 	22,666,568	 	 	 	19,224,092	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	 	463,661	 	 	 	512,027	 	
Accrued investment income	 	 	127,874	 	 	 	107,447	 	
Premiums receivable and other reinsurance balances	 	 	1,037,679	 	 	 	850,096	 	
Reinsurance ceded receivables	 	 	769,699	 	 	 	716,480	 	
Deferred policy acquisition costs	 	 	3,726,443	 	 	 	3,698,972	 	
Other assets	 	 	289,984	 	 	 	140,387	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total assets	 	$	29,081,908	 	 	$	25,249,501	 	

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Future policy benefits	 	$	9,274,789	 	 	$	7,748,480	 	
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities	 	 	7,774,481	 	 	 	7,666,002	 	
Other policy claims and benefits	 	 	2,597,941	 	 	 	2,229,083	 	
Other reinsurance balances	 	 	133,590	 	 	 	106,706	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	1,396,747	 	 	 	613,222	 	
Other liabilities	 	 	637,923	 	 	 	792,775	 	
Short-term debt	 	 	199,985	 	 	 	—	 	
Long-term debt	 	 	1,016,425	 	 	 	1,216,052	 	
Collateral finance facility	 	 	850,039	 	 	 	850,037	 	
Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust holding solely junior subordinated debentures of the Company	 	 	159,421	 	 	 	159,217	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities	 	 	24,041,341	 	 	 	21,381,574	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commitments and contingent liabilities (See Note 14)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stockholders’ Equity:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Preferred stock (par value $.01 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Common stock (par value $.01 per share; 140,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued: 73,363,523 at December 31, 2010 and 2009)	 	 	734	 	 	 	734	 	
Warrants	 	 	66,912	 	 	 	66,912	 	
Additional paid-in-capital	 	 	1,478,398	 	 	 	1,463,101	 	
Retained earnings	 	 	2,587,403	 	 	 	2,055,549	 	
Treasury stock, at cost; 328 and 373,861 shares at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively	 	 	(295	)	 	 	(17,578	)	
Accumulated other comprehensive income	 	 	907,415	 	 	 	299,209	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stockholders’ equity	 	 	5,040,567	 	 	 	3,867,927	 	

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	 	$	29,081,908	 	 	$	25,249,501	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	For the years ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
 	 	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net premiums	 	$	6,659,680	 	 	$	5,725,161	 	 	$	5,349,301	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	1,238,660	 	 	 	1,122,462	 	 	 	871,276	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	 	 	(31,920	)	 	 	(128,834	)	 	 	(113,313	)	
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities transferred to (from) accumulated other comprehensive income	 	 	2,045	 	 	 	16,045	 	 	 	—	 	
Other investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	241,905	 	 	 	146,937	 	 	 	(533,892	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	212,030	 	 	 	34,148	 	 	 	(647,205	)	
Other revenues	 	 	151,360	 	 	 	185,051	 	 	 	107,831	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	 	8,261,730	 	 	 	7,066,822	 	 	 	5,681,203	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Benefits and Expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Claims and other policy benefits	 	 	5,547,155	 	 	 	4,819,426	 	 	 	4,461,932	 	
Interest credited	 	 	309,982	 	 	 	323,738	 	 	 	233,179	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	1,079,953	 	 	 	958,326	 	 	 	357,899	 	
Other operating expenses	 	 	361,971	 	 	 	294,779	 	 	 	242,917	 	
Interest expense	 	 	90,996	 	 	 	69,940	 	 	 	76,161	 	
Collateral finance facility expense	 	 	7,856	 	 	 	8,268	 	 	 	28,723	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total benefits and expenses	 	 	7,397,913	 	 	 	6,474,477	 	 	 	5,400,811	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	 	 	863,817	 	 	 	592,345	 	 	 	280,392	 	
Provision for income taxes	 	 	289,415	 	 	 	185,259	 	 	 	92,577	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations	 	 	574,402	 	 	 	407,086	 	 	 	187,815	 	
Discontinued operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Loss from discontinued accident and health operations, net of income taxes	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(11,019	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	$	574,402	 	 	$	407,086	 	 	$	176,796	 	

Basic earnings per share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations	 	$	7.85	 	 	$	5.59	 	 	$	2.94	 	
Discontinued operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(0.17	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	 	$	7.85	 	 	$	5.59	 	 	$	2.77	 	

Diluted earnings per share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations	 	$	7.69	 	 	$	5.55	 	 	$	2.88	 	
Discontinued operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(0.17	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	 	$	7.69	 	 	$	5.55	 	 	$	2.71	 	

Dividends declared per share	 	$	0.48	 	 	$	0.36	 	 	$	0.36	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Comprehensive income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	 	$	574,402	 	 	$	407,086	 	 	$	176,796	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	59,648	 	 	 	191,084	 	 	 	(202,193	)	
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on securities	 	 	542,911	 	 	 	672,735	 	 	 	(866,577	)	
Change in other-than-temporary impairment losses on fixed maturity securities	 	 	4,081	 	 	 	(10,429	)	 	 	—	 	
Changes in pension and other postretirement plan adjustments	 	 	1,566	 	 	 	(1,468	)	 	 	(6,307	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	608,206	 	 	 	851,922	 	 	 	(1,075,077	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total comprehensive income (loss)	 	$	1,182,608	 	 	$	1,259,008	 	 	$	(898,281	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Accumulated Other	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Additional Paid In	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Comprehensive	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Common Stock	 	 	Warrants	 	 	Capital	 	 	Retained Earnings	 	 	Treasury Stock	 	 	Income (Loss)	 	 	Total	 	
Balance, January 1, 2008	 	$	631	 	 	$	66,915	 	 	$	1,103,956	 	 	$	1,540,122	 	 	$	(48,598	)	 	$	526,806	 	 	$	3,189,832	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	176,796	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	176,796	 	
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(1,075,077	)	 	 	(1,075,077	)	
Dividends to stockholders	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(23,329	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(23,329	)	
Issuance of common stock, net of expenses	 	 	103	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	331,770	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	331,873	 	
Warrant conversion	 	 	 	 	 	 	(1	)	 	 	6	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	5	 	
Purchase of treasury stock	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(3,104	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	(3,104	)	
Reissuance of treasury stock	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	14,309	 	 	 	(11,502	)	 	 	17,005	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	19,812	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, December 31, 2008	 	 	734	 	 	 	66,914	 	 	 	1,450,041	 	 	 	1,682,087	 	 	 	(34,697	)	 	 	(548,271	)	 	 	2,616,808	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	407,086	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	407,086	 	
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	851,922	 	 	 	851,922	 	
Impact of adoption of guidance for other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	4,442	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(4,442	)	 	 	—	 	
Dividends to stockholders	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(26,212	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(26,212	)	
Warrant conversion	 	 	 	 	 	 	(2	)	 	 	3	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	1	 	
Purchase of treasury stock	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(1,607	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	(1,607	)	
Reissuance of treasury stock	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	13,057	 	 	 	(11,854	)	 	 	18,726	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	19,929	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, December 31, 2009	 	 	734	 	 	 	66,912	 	 	 	1,463,101	 	 	 	2,055,549	 	 	 	(17,578	)	 	 	299,209	 	 	 	3,867,927	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	574,402	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	574,402	 	
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	608,206	 	 	 	608,206	 	
Dividends to stockholders	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(35,170	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(35,170	)	
Purchase of treasury stock	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(718	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	(718	)	
Reissuance of treasury stock	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	15,297	 	 	 	(7,378	)	 	 	18,001	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	25,920	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, December 31, 2010	 	$	734	 	 	$	66,912	 	 	$	1,478,398	 	 	$	2,587,403	 	 	$	(295	)	 	$	907,415	 	 	$	5,040,567	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	For the years ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
 	 	(Dollars in thousands)	 	
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	$	574,402	 	 	$	407,086	 	 	$	176,796	 	
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change in operating assets and liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accrued investment income	 	 	(18,363	)	 	 	(16,652	)	 	 	(12,398	)	
Premiums receivable and other reinsurance balances	 	 	(111,451	)	 	 	(72,803	)	 	 	(83,402	)	
Deferred policy acquisition costs	 	 	4,192	 	 	 	3,357	 	 	 	(648,525	)	
Reinsurance ceded balances	 	 	(53,219	)	 	 	18,676	 	 	 	(12,842	)	
Future policy benefits, other policy claims and benefits, and other reinsurance balances	 	 	1,580,458	 	 	 	907,732	 	 	 	715,521	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	444,150	 	 	 	(81,195	)	 	 	47,617	 	
Other assets and other liabilities, net	 	 	(253,679	)	 	 	337,707	 	 	 	14,840	 	
Amortization of net investment premiums, discounts and other	 	 	(144,334	)	 	 	(134,524	)	 	 	(89,942	)	
Investment related (gains) losses, net	 	 	(212,030	)	 	 	(34,148	)	 	 	647,205	 	
Gain on repurchase of long-term debt	 	 	—	 	 	 	(38,875	)	 	 	—	 	
Excess tax expense (benefit) from share-based payment arrangement	 	 	2,255	 	 	 	(2,605	)	 	 	(3,815	)	
Other, net	 	 	30,359	 	 	 	70,480	 	 	 	(24,073	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	 	 	1,842,740	 	 	 	1,364,236	 	 	 	726,982	 	
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Sales of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	 	 	3,319,453	 	 	 	2,952,773	 	 	 	1,771,503	 	
Maturities of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	 	 	150,687	 	 	 	66,791	 	 	 	130,370	 	
Purchases of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	 	 	(4,854,416	)	 	 	(4,693,875	)	 	 	(2,726,438	)	
Cash invested in mortgage loans	 	 	(132,801	)	 	 	(84,107	)	 	 	(4,475	)	
Cash invested in policy loans	 	 	(95,163	)	 	 	(67,039	)	 	 	(66,077	)	
Cash invested in funds withheld at interest	 	 	(103,578	)	 	 	(76,594	)	 	 	(89,743	)	
Principal payments on mortgage loans on real estate	 	 	29,422	 	 	 	50,278	 	 	 	60,586	 	
Principal payments on policy loans	 	 	3,309	 	 	 	27,188	 	 	 	28,802	 	
Change in short-term investments and other invested assets	 	 	(37,395	)	 	 	(114,473	)	 	 	(177,690	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	 	 	(1,720,482	)	 	 	(1,939,058	)	 	 	(1,073,162	)	
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Dividends to stockholders	 	 	(35,170	)	 	 	(26,212	)	 	 	(23,329	)	
Proceeds from long-term debt issuance	 	 	—	 	 	 	396,344	 	 	 	—	 	
Repurchase of long-term debt	 	 	—	 	 	 	(39,960	)	 	 	—	 	
Net repayments under credit agreements	 	 	—	 	 	 	(22,539	)	 	 	—	 	
Proceeds from offering of common stock, net and warrant conversion	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	331,878	 	
Purchases of treasury stock	 	 	(718	)	 	 	(1,607	)	 	 	(3,104	)	
Excess tax benefit (expense) from share-based payment arrangement	 	 	(2,255	)	 	 	2,605	 	 	 	3,815	 	
Exercise of stock options, net	 	 	2,277	 	 	 	6,304	 	 	 	6,601	 	
Change in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and cash collateral for derivative positions	 	 	26,324	 	 	 	(175,776	)	 	 	129,657	 	
Deposits on universal life and other investment type policies and contracts	 	 	124,482	 	 	 	272,564	 	 	 	665,806	 	
Withdrawals on universal life and other investment type policies and contracts	 	 	(308,369	)	 	 	(216,724	)	 	 	(270,161	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	 	 	(193,429	)	 	 	194,999	 	 	 	841,163	 	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	 	 	22,805	 	 	 	16,447	 	 	 	(23,931	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change in cash and cash equivalents	 	 	(48,366	)	 	 	(363,376	)	 	 	471,052	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	 	 	512,027	 	 	 	875,403	 	 	 	404,351	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	 	$	463,661	 	 	$	512,027	 	 	$	875,403	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Supplementary information:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash paid for interest	 	$	95,939	 	 	$	72,719	 	 	$	99,691	 	
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	 	$	10,452	 	 	$	25,573	 	 	$	23,159	 	
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
Notes to consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
Note 1 ORGANIZATION
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated (“RGA”) is an insurance holding company that was formed on December 31, 1992. The consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of RGA, RGA Reinsurance Company (“RGA Reinsurance”), Reinsurance Company of Missouri, Incorporated (“RCM”), RGA Reinsurance Company (Barbados) Ltd. (“RGA Barbados”), RGA Americas Reinsurance Company, Ltd. (“RGA Americas”), RGA Life Reinsurance Company of Canada (“RGA Canada”), RGA Reinsurance Company of Australia, Limited (“RGA Australia”), RGA Reinsurance UK Limited (“RGA UK”) and RGA Atlantic Reinsurance Company, Ltd. (“RGA Atlantic”) as well as other subsidiaries, subject to an ownership position of greater than fifty percent (collectively, the “Company”).
The Company is primarily engaged in life reinsurance. Reinsurance is an arrangement under which an insurance company, the reinsurer, agrees to indemnify another insurance company, the ceding company, for all or a portion of the insurance risks underwritten by the ceding company. Reinsurance is designed to (i) reduce the net liability on individual risks, thereby enabling the ceding company to increase the volume of business it can underwrite, as well as increase the maximum risk it can underwrite on a single life or risk; (ii) stabilize operating results by leveling fluctuations in the ceding company’s loss experience; (iii) assist the ceding company to meet applicable regulatory requirements; and (iv) enhance the ceding company’s financial strength and surplus position.
Note 2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates include those used in determining deferred policy acquisition costs, premiums receivable, future policy benefits, other policy claims and benefits, including incurred but not reported claims, provision for adverse litigation, income taxes, and valuation of investments and investment impairments. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions used by management.
For each of its reinsurance contracts, the Company must determine if the contract provides indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk, in accordance with applicable accounting standards. The Company must review all contractual features, particularly those that may limit the amount of insurance risk to which the Company is subject to or features that delay the timely reimbursement of claims. If the Company determines that a contract does not expose it to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk, the Company records the contract on a deposit method of accounting with the net amount payable/receivable reflected in other reinsurance assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Fees earned on the contracts are reflected as other revenues, as opposed to premiums, on the consolidated statements of income.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RGA and its subsidiaries, both direct and indirect, subject to an ownership position greater than fifty percent, and any variable interest entities where the Company is the primary beneficiary. Entities in which the Company has an ownership position greater than twenty percent, but less than or equal to fifty percent are reported under the equity method of accounting. The Company evaluates variable interest entities in accordance with the general accounting principles for  Consolidation . Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
The Company has determined that there were no subsequent events, other than as disclosed in Note 23 — “Subsequent Events”, that would require disclosure or adjustments to the accompanying consolidated financial statements through the date the financial statements were issued.
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Investments
Fixed Maturity Securities
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale are reported at fair value and are so classified based upon the possibility that such securities could be sold prior to maturity if that action enables the Company to execute its investment philosophy and appropriately match investment results to operating and liquidity needs.
Unrealized gains and losses on fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale, less applicable deferred income taxes as well as related adjustments to deferred acquisition costs, if applicable, are reflected as a direct charge or credit to accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) in stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets.
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage loans on real estate are carried at unpaid principal balances, net of any unamortized premium or discount and valuation allowances. A mortgage loan is considered to be impaired when, based on the current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the mortgage agreement. Valuation allowances on mortgage loans are established based upon losses expected by management to be realized in connection with future dispositions or settlement of mortgage loans, including foreclosures. The Company establishes valuation allowances for estimated impairments on an individual loan basis as of the balance sheet date. Such valuation allowances are based on the excess carrying value of the loan over the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate, the value of the loan’s collateral if the loan is in the process of foreclosure or otherwise collateral dependent, or the loan’s market value if the loan is being sold. The Company will continue to accrue interest on loans until it is probable the Company will not receive interest or the loan is 90 days past due. Any interest accrued or received on the net carrying amount of the impaired loan will be included in investment income or applied to the principal of the loan, depending on the assessment of the collectability of the loan. Mortgage loans deemed to be uncollectible or that have been foreclosed upon are charged-off against the valuation allowances and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the valuation allowances. Changes in valuation allowances are reported in investment related gains (losses), net on the consolidated income statements.
Policy Loans
Policy loans are reported at the unpaid principal balance. Interest income on such loans is recorded as earned using the contractually agreed upon interest rate. These policy loans present no credit risk because the amount of the loan cannot exceed the obligation due the ceding company upon the death of the insured or surrender of the underlying policy.
Funds Withheld at Interest
Funds withheld at interest represent amounts contractually withheld by ceding companies in accordance with reinsurance agreements. For agreements written on a modified coinsurance basis and agreements written on a coinsurance funds withheld basis, assets equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld and legally owned by the ceding company. Interest accrues to these assets at rates defined by the treaty terms. Assets and liabilities are reported on a net or gross basis, depending on the specific details within each treaty. Reinsurance agreements reported on a net basis, where a legal right of offset exists, are generally included in other reinsurance balances on the consolidated balance sheets.
Short-term Investments
Short-term investments represent investments with original maturities of greater than three months but less than twelve months and are stated at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.
Other Invested Assets
In addition to derivative contracts discussed below, other invested assets include equity securities and preferred stocks, carried at fair value, and limited partnership interests and structured loans, primarily carried at cost. Changes in fair value of equity securities and preferred stocks are recorded through AOCI.
Other-than-Temporary Impairment
Impairment losses on equity securities are recognized in net income. The way in which impairment losses on fixed maturity securities are recognized in the financial statements is dependent on the facts and circumstances related to the specific security. If the Company intends to sell a security or it is more likely than not that it would be required to sell a security before the recovery of its amortized cost, less any recorded credit loss, it recognizes an other-than-temporary impairment in net income for the difference between amortized cost and fair value. If the Company does not expect to recover the amortized cost basis, it does not plan to sell the security and if it is not more likely than not that it would be required to sell a
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security before the recovery of its amortized cost, less any recorded credit loss, the recognition of the other-than-temporary impairment is bifurcated. The Company recognizes the credit loss portion in investment related gains (losses), net and the non-credit loss portion in AOCI.
The cost of other invested assets is adjusted for impairments in value deemed to be other-than-temporary in the period in which the determination is made. These impairments are included within investment related gains (losses), net and the cost basis of the investment securities is reduced accordingly. The Company does not change the revised cost basis for subsequent recoveries in value. However, the Company adjusts the cost basis for accretion or amortization.
The assessment of whether impairments have occurred is based on management’s case-by-case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair value. See Note 4 — “Investments” for additional information regarding the Company’s assessment of other-than-temporary impairments on its securities.
Derivative Instruments
Overview
Derivatives are financial instruments whose values are derived from interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, or other financial indices. The Company utilizes a variety of derivative instruments including swaps, options, forwards and futures, primarily to manage or hedge interest rate risk, credit risk, inflation risk, foreign currency risk, market volatility and various other market risks associated with its business. The Company does not invest in derivatives for speculative purposes. It is the Company’s policy to enter into derivative contracts primarily with highly rated parties. See Note 5 — “Derivative Instruments” for additional detail on the Company’s derivative positions.
Accounting and Financial Statement Presentation of Derivatives
Derivatives are carried on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets in other invested assets or as liabilities within other liabilities, at fair value. Certain derivatives are subject to master netting provisions and reported as a net asset or liability. On the date a derivative contract is executed, the Company designates the derivative as (1) a fair value hedge, (2) a cash flow hedge, (3) a foreign currency hedge, (4) a net investment hedge in a foreign operation or (5) held for other risk management purposes, which primarily involve managing asset or liability risks associated with the Company’s reinsurance treaties which do not qualify for hedge accounting.
Under a fair value hedge, changes in the fair value of the hedging derivative, including amounts measured as ineffective, and changes in the fair value of the hedged item related to the designated risk being hedged, are reported within investment related gains (losses), net. The fair values of the hedging derivatives are exclusive of any accruals that are separately reported in the consolidated statement of income within interest income or interest expense to match the location of the hedged item.
Under a cash flow hedge, changes in the fair value of the hedging derivative measured as effective are reported within AOCI and the deferred gains or losses on the derivative are reclassified into the consolidated statement of income when the Company’s earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the hedged item. Changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument measured as ineffective are reported within investment related gains (losses), net. The fair values of the hedging derivatives are exclusive of any accruals that are separately reported in the consolidated statement of income within interest income or interest expense to match the location of the hedged item.
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as foreign currency hedges are recorded in either current period earnings or AOCI, depending on whether the hedged transaction is a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge, respectively. Any hedge ineffectiveness is recorded immediately in current period earnings as investment related gains (losses), net. Periodic derivative net coupon settlements are recorded in the line item of the consolidated statements of income in which the cash flows of the hedged item are recorded.
In a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, changes in the fair value of the hedging derivative that are measured as effective are reported within AOCI consistent with the translation adjustment for the hedged net investment in the foreign operation. Changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument measured as ineffective are reported within investment related gains (losses), net.
Changes in the fair value of free-standing derivative instruments, which do not receive accounting hedge treatment, are reflected in investment related gains (losses), net.
Hedge Documentation and Hedge Effectiveness
To qualify for hedge accounting, at the inception of the hedging relationship, the Company formally documents its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedging transaction, as well as its designation of the hedge as either
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(i) a fair value hedge; (ii) a cash flow hedge; (iii) a foreign currency hedge; or (iv) a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. In this documentation, the Company sets forth how the hedging instrument is expected to hedge the designated risks related to the hedged item and sets forth the method that will be used to retrospectively and prospectively assess the hedging instrument’s effectiveness and the method which will be used to measure ineffectiveness. A derivative designated as a hedging instrument must be assessed as being highly effective in offsetting the designated risk of the hedged item. Hedge effectiveness is formally assessed at inception and periodically throughout the life of the designated hedging relationship. Assessments and measurement of hedge effectiveness are also subject to interpretation and estimation and different interpretations or estimates may have a material effect on the amount reported in net income.
The accounting for derivatives is complex and interpretations of the primary accounting standards continue to evolve in practice. Judgment is applied in determining the availability and application of hedge accounting designations and the appropriate accounting treatment under these accounting standards. If it was determined that hedge accounting designations were not appropriately applied, reported net income could be materially affected. Differences in judgment as to the availability and application of hedge accounting designations and the appropriate accounting treatment may result in a differing impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company from that previously reported.
Embedded Derivatives
The Company reinsures certain annuity products that contain terms that are deemed to be embedded derivatives, primarily equity-indexed annuities and variable annuities with guaranteed minimum benefits. The Company assesses each identified embedded derivative to determine whether it is required to be bifurcated under the general accounting principles for  Derivatives and Hedging . If the instrument would not be reported for in its entirety at fair value and it is determined that the terms of the embedded derivative are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract, and that a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is bifurcated from the host contract and accounted for separately. Such embedded derivatives are carried on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value with the host contract. Changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives associated with equity-indexed annuities are reflected in interest credited on the consolidated statements of income and changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives associated with variable annuity guaranteed minimum benefits are reflected in investment related gains (losses), net on the consolidated statements of income. The Company has implemented a hedging strategy to mitigate the volatility associated with its reinsurance of variable annuity guaranteed minimum benefits. The hedging strategy is designed such that changes in the fair value of the hedge contracts, primarily futures, swap contracts and options, move in the opposite direction of changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives. While the Company actively manages its hedging program, the hedges that are in place may not be totally effective in offsetting the embedded derivative changes due to the many variables that must be managed.
Additionally, reinsurance treaties written on a modified coinsurance or funds withheld basis are subject to the general accounting principles for  Derivatives and Hedging  related to embedded derivatives.
The majority of the Company’s funds withheld at interest balances are associated with its reinsurance of annuity contracts, the majority of which were subject to the general accounting principles for  Derivatives and Hedging  related to embedded derivatives. Management believes the embedded derivative feature in each of these reinsurance treaties is similar to a total return swap on the assets held by the ceding companies. The valuation of these embedded derivatives is sensitive to the credit spread environment. The change in the fair value of these embedded derivatives increased (decreased) revenues by $160.3 million, $78.4 million and $(427.8) million in 2010, 2009 and 2008 respectively. These changes in fair values of the embedded derivatives are net of an increase (decrease) in revenues of $(32.2) million, $(301.7) million and $376.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, associated with the Company’s own credit risk. The change in fair value, which is a non-cash item, also affects the amortization of deferred acquisition costs since the Company is required to include it in its expectation of gross profits. The change in fair value of these embedded derivatives increased (decreased) related deferred acquisition expenses by $115.9 million, $45.3 million and $(246.7) million, for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The fair value of the embedded derivatives is included in the funds withheld at interest line item on the consolidated balance sheets. The change in the fair value of the embedded derivatives is recorded in investment related gains (losses), net on the consolidated income statements.
In addition to its reinsured annuity contracts, the Company has entered into various financial reinsurance treaties on a funds withheld and modified coinsurance basis. These treaties do not transfer significant insurance risk and are recorded on a deposit method of accounting with the Company earning a net fee. As a result of the experience refund provisions contained in these treaties, the value of the embedded derivatives in these contracts is currently considered immaterial. The Company monitors the performance of these treaties on a quarterly basis. Significant adverse performance or losses on these treaties may result in a loss associated with the embedded derivative.
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Fair Value Measurements
General accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. In compliance with these principles, the Company has categorized its financial instruments, based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three level hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3).
If the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the category level is based on the lowest priority level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.
In accordance with the general accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets are categorized as follows:
 	Level 1 	 	Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.	
 	 	 	 	
 	Level 2  	 	Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities other than quoted prices in Level 1; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.	
 	 	 	 	
 	Level 3 	 	Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.	
See Note 6 — “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” for further details on the Company’s assets and liabilities recorded at fair value.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Additional Information Regarding Statements of Cash Flows
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on deposit and highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less. The consolidated statements of cash flows includes the results of discontinued operations in net cash from operations for all years presented, as the effect of the discontinued operations on cash flows is not considered material.
Premiums Receivable
Premiums are accrued when due and in accordance with information received from the ceding company. When a ceding company fails to report information on a timely basis, the Company records accruals based on the terms of the reinsurance treaty as well as historical experience. Other management estimates include adjustments for lapsed premiums given historical experience, the financial health of specific ceding companies, collateral value and the legal right of offset on related amounts (i.e. allowances and claims) owed to the ceding company. Under the legal right of offset provisions in its reinsurance treaties, the Company can withhold payments for allowances and claims for unpaid premiums. Based on its review of these factors and historical experience, the Company did not believe a provision for doubtful accounts was necessary as of December 31, 2010 or 2009.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Costs of acquiring new business, which vary with and are primarily related to the production of new business, have been deferred to the extent that such costs are deemed recoverable from future premiums or gross profits. Such costs include commissions and allowances as well as certain costs of policy issuance and underwriting. The Company performs periodic tests to establish that Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (“DAC”) remain recoverable at all times, including at issue, and if financial performance significantly deteriorates to the point where a premium deficiency exists, a cumulative charge to current operations will be recorded. As a result of recoverability testing for new business issues, a charge of approximately $7.7 million to current operations was recorded in the Asset Intensive sub-segment in 2009 with projected revenue deemed
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insufficient to cover future benefits and expenses. No such adjustments related to DAC recoverability were made in 2010 or 2008.
Deferred costs related to traditional life insurance contracts, substantially all of which relate to long-duration contracts, are amortized over the premium-paying period of the related policies in proportion to the ratio of individual period premium revenues to total anticipated premium revenues over the life of the policy. Such anticipated premium revenues are estimated using the same assumptions used for computing liabilities for future policy benefits.
Deferred costs related to interest-sensitive life and investment-type policies are amortized over the lives of the policies, in relation to the present value of estimated gross profits from mortality, investment income less interest credited, and expense margins.
Other Reinsurance Balances
The Company assumes and retrocedes financial reinsurance contracts that represent low mortality risk reinsurance treaties. These contracts are reported as deposits and are included in other reinsurance assets/liabilities. The amount of revenue reported in other revenues on these contracts represents fees and the cost of insurance under the terms of the reinsurance agreement. Balances resulting from the assumption and/or subsequent transfer of benefits and obligations resulting from cash flows related to variable annuities have also been classified as other reinsurance balance assets and/or liabilities.
Goodwill and Value of Business Acquired
Goodwill and certain intangibles, reported in other assets, are not amortized into results of operations, but instead are reviewed at least annually for impairment and written down and charged to results of operations only in the periods in which the recorded value of goodwill and certain intangibles is more than its fair value. From 2008 through 2010, there were no changes to goodwill as a result of acquisitions or disposals. Goodwill as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 totaled $7.0 million including accumulated amortization of $1.0 million, and was related to the purchase by the Company’s U.S. operations of RGA Financial Group L.L.C. in 2000. The value of business acquired (“VOBA”) is amortized in proportion to the ratio of annual premium revenues to total anticipated premium revenues or in relation to the present value of estimated profits. Anticipated premium revenues have been estimated using assumptions consistent with those used in estimating reserves for future policy benefits. The carrying value is reviewed at least annually for indicators of impairment in value. The VOBA was approximately $1.0 million and $1.3 million, including accumulated amortization of $24.4 million and $12.1 million, as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The VOBA amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $12.3 million, $0.4 million, and $0.4 million, respectively. The increase in the VOBA amortization in 2010 is related to acquisition of Reliastar Life Insurance Company’s U.S. and Canadian group life, accident and health reinsurance business, which was entirely amortized in 2010. These amortized balances are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of the VOBA is estimated to be $0.2 million, $0.2 million, $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million during 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.
Value of Distribution Agreements and Customer Relationships Acquired
Value of distribution agreements (“VODA”) is reported in other assets and represents the present value of future profits associated with the expected future business derived from the distribution agreements. Value of customer relationships acquired (“VOCRA”) is also reported in other assets and represents the present value of the expected future profits associated with the expected future business acquired through existing customers of the acquired company or business. The Company’s VODA and VOCRA are related to the acquisition of Reliastar Life Insurance Company’s U.S. and Canadian group life, accident and health reinsurance business in 2010. The VODA is amortized over a useful life of 15 years and the VOCRA is also amortized over a 15 year period in proportion to expected revenues generated. Such amortization is included in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses. Each year the Company reviews VODA and VOCRA to determine the recoverability of these balances. VODA and VOCRA totaled approximately $117.3 million, including accumulated amortization of $3.4 million, as of December 31, 2010. The VODA and VOCRA amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $3.4 million. Amortization of the VODA and VOCRA is estimated to be $10.9 million, $10.5 million, $10.1 million, $9.5 million and $9.4 million during 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.
Other Assets
In addition to the goodwill, VOBA, VODA and VOCRA previously discussed, other assets primarily includes unamortized debt issuance costs, capitalized software, and other capitalized assets. Capitalized software is stated at cost, less accumulated amortization. Purchased software costs, as well as internal and external costs incurred to develop internal-use computer software during the application development stage, are capitalized. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company had unamortized computer software costs of approximately $14.6 million and $13.1 million, respectively. During 2010, 2009 and 2008, the Company amortized computer software costs of $4.0 million, $3.5 million, and $3.4 million, respectively.
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Amortization of software costs is recorded on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from three to ten years. Carrying values are reviewed periodically for indicators of impairment in value.
Future Policy Benefits and Interest-Sensitive Contract Liabilities
Liabilities for future benefits on life policies are established in an amount adequate to meet the estimated future obligations on policies in force. Liabilities for future policy benefits under long-term life insurance policies have been computed based upon expected investment yields, mortality and withdrawal (lapse) rates, and other assumptions. These assumptions include a margin for adverse deviation and vary with the characteristics of the plan of insurance, year of issue, age of insured, and other appropriate factors. Interest rates range from 3.0% to 6.3%. The mortality and withdrawal assumptions are based on the Company’s experience as well as industry experience and standards. Liabilities for future benefits on interest-sensitive life and investment-type contract liabilities are carried at the accumulated contract holder values without reduction for potential surrender or withdrawal charges.
The Company periodically reviews actual and anticipated experience compared to the assumptions used to establish policy benefits. The Company establishes premium deficiency reserves if actual and anticipated experience indicates that existing policy liabilities together with the present value of future gross premiums will not be sufficient to cover the present value of future benefits, settlement and maintenance costs and to recover unamortized acquisition costs. The premium deficiency reserve is established by a charge to income, as well as a reduction in unamortized acquisition costs and, to the extent there are no unamortized acquisition costs, an increase in future policy benefits.
In establishing reserves for future policy benefits, the Company assigns policy liability assumptions to particular timeframes (eras) in such a manner as to be consistent with the underlying assumptions and economic conditions at the time the risks are assumed. The Company maintains a consistent approach to setting the provision for adverse deviation between eras.
The reserving process includes normal periodic reviews of assumptions used and adjustments of reserves to incorporate the refinement of the assumptions. Any such adjustments relate only to policies assumed in recent periods and the adjustments are reflected by a cumulative charge or credit to current operations.
The Company establishes future policy benefits for guaranteed minimum death benefits (“GMDB”) relating to the reinsurance of certain variable annuity contracts by estimating the expected value of death benefits in excess of the projected account balance and recognizing the excess proportionally over the accumulation period based on total expected assessments. The Company regularly evaluates estimates used and adjusts the additional liability balance, with a related charge or credit to claims and other policy benefits, if actual experience or other evidence suggests that earlier assumptions should be revised. The assumptions used in estimating the GMDB liabilities are consistent with those used for amortizing DAC, and are thus subject to the same variability and risk. The Company’s GMDB liabilities at December 31, 2010 were not material.
The Company reinsures asset-intensive products, including annuities and corporate-owned life insurance. The investment portfolios for these products are segregated for management purposes within the general account of RGA Reinsurance. The liabilities under asset-intensive reinsurance contracts reinsured on a coinsurance basis are included in interest-sensitive contract liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Investment-type contracts principally include traditional individual fixed annuities in the accumulation phase, equity-indexed annuities, non-variable group annuity contracts and individual variable annuity contracts. Interest-sensitive contract liabilities are equal to (i) policy account values, which consist of an accumulation of gross premium payments; (ii) credited interest less expenses, mortality charges, and withdrawals; and (iii) fair value adjustments relating to business combinations. Additionally, certain annuity contracts the Company reinsures contain terms, such as guaranteed minimum benefits and equity participation options, which are deemed to be embedded derivatives and are accounted for based on the general accounting principles for  Derivatives and Hedging .
The Company establishes liabilities for guaranteed minimum living benefits relating to certain variable annuity products as follows:
Guaranteed minimum income benefits (“GMIB”) provide the contract holder, after a specified period of time determined at the time of issuance of the variable annuity contract, with a minimum level of income (annuity) payments. Under the reinsurance treaty, the Company makes a payment to the ceding company equal to the GMIB net amount-at-risk at the time of annuitization and thus these contracts meet the net settlement criteria of the general accounting principles for  Derivatives and Hedging  and the Company assumes no mortality risk. Accordingly, the GMIB is considered an embedded derivative, which is measured at fair value separately from the host variable annuity product.
Guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”) guarantee the contract holder a return of their purchase payment via partial withdrawals, even if the account value is reduced to zero, provided that the contract holder’s cumulative withdrawals in a contract year do not exceed a certain limit. The initial guaranteed withdrawal amount is equal to the initial benefit base as
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defined in the contract (typically, the initial purchase payments plus applicable bonus amounts). The GMWB is also an embedded derivative, which is measured at fair value separately from the host variable annuity product.
Guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”) provide the contract holder, after a specified period of time determined at the time of issuance of the variable annuity contract, with a minimum accumulation of their purchase payments even if the account value is reduced to zero. The initial guaranteed accumulation amount is equal to the initial benefit base as defined in the contract (typically, the initial purchase payments plus applicable bonus amounts). The GMAB is also an embedded derivative, which is measured at fair value separately from the host variable annuity product.
For GMIB, GMWB and GMAB, the initial benefit base is increased by additional purchase payments made within a certain time period and decreased by benefits paid and/or withdrawal amounts. After a specified period of time, the benefit base may also increase as a result of an optional reset as defined in the contract.
The fair values of the GMIB, GMWB and GMAB liabilities are reflected in interest-sensitive contract liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and are calculated based on actuarial and capital market assumptions related to the projected cash flows, including benefits and related contract charges, over the lives of the contracts, incorporating expectations concerning policyholder behavior, such as lapses, withdrawals and benefit selections. In measuring the fair value of GMIBs, GMWBs and GMABs, the Company attributes a portion of the fees collected from the policyholder equal to the present value of expected future guaranteed minimum income, withdrawal and accumulation benefits (at inception). The changes in fair value are reported in investment related gains (losses), net. Any additional fees represent “excess” fees and are reported in other revenues on the consolidated statements of income. These variable annuity guaranteed living benefits may be more costly than expected in volatile or declining markets, causing an increase in interest-sensitive contract liabilities, negatively affecting net income.
The Company reinsures equity-indexed annuity contracts. These contracts allow the contract holder to elect an interest rate return or an equity market component where interest credited is based on the performance of common stock market indices, such as the S&P 500 Index ® , the Dow Jones Industrial Average, or the NASDAQ. The equity market option is considered an embedded derivative, similar to a call option, which is reflected at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets in interest-sensitive contract liabilities. The fair value of embedded derivatives is computed based on a projection of future equity option costs using a budget methodology, discounted back to the balance sheet date using current market indicators of volatility and interest rates. Changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives are included as a component of interest credited on the consolidated statements of income.
The Company periodically reviews its estimates of actuarial liabilities for interest-sensitive contract liabilities and compares them with its actual experience. Differences between actual experience and the assumptions used in pricing these guarantees and benefits and in the establishment of the related liabilities result in variances in profit and could result in losses. The effects of changes in such estimated liabilities are included in the results of operations in the period in which the changes occur.
Other Policy Claims and Benefits
Claims payable for incurred but not reported losses are determined using case-basis estimates and lag studies of past experience. The time lag from the date of the claim or death to when the ceding company reports the claim to the Company can vary significantly by ceding company and business segment, but generally averages around 2.9 months. The Company updates its analysis of incurred but not reported, including lag studies, on a quarterly basis and adjusts its claim liabilities accordingly.
Other Liabilities
Other liabilities primarily includes investments in transit, separate accounts, employee benefits, current federal income taxes payable, and payables related to repurchase agreements. The Company utilizes sales of investment securities with agreements to repurchase the same securities for purposes of short-term financing. The repurchase obligation is a component of other liabilities. There were no securities subject to these agreements outstanding at December 31, 2010 or 2009.
Income Taxes
RGA and its eligible subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The U.S. consolidated tax return includes the operations of RGA, RGA Americas, RGA Reinsurance, RGA Barbados, RGA Technology Partners, Inc., RCM, Timberlake Financial L.L.C. (“Timberlake Financial”), Timberlake Reinsurance Company II (“Timberlake Re”), Reinsurance Partners, Inc., RGA Worldwide Reinsurance Company, Ltd. (“RGA Worldwide”) and Parkway Reinsurance Company (“Parkway Re”). The Company’s Australian, certain Barbadian, Bermudian, Canadian, South African, Indian, Irish and United Kingdom subsidiaries are taxed under applicable local statutes.
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The Company provides for federal, state and foreign income taxes currently payable, as well as those deferred due to temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The Company’s accounting for income taxes represents management’s best estimate of various events and transactions.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities are measured at the balance sheet date using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years the temporary differences are expected to reverse.
The realization of deferred tax assets depends upon the existence of sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods under the tax law in the applicable tax jurisdiction. The Company has significant deferred tax assets related to net operating and capital losses. Most of the Company’s exposure related to its deferred tax assets are within legal entities that file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. The Company has projected its ability to utilize its U.S. net operating losses and has determined that all of these losses are expected to be utilized prior to their expiration. The Company has also done extensive analysis of its capital losses and has determined that sufficient unrealized capital gains exist within its investment portfolios that should offset any capital loss realized. It is also the Company’s intention to hold all unrealized loss securities until maturity or until their market value recovers.
The Company will establish a valuation allowance when management determines, based on available information, that it is more likely than not that deferred income tax assets will not be realized. Significant judgment is required in determining whether valuation allowances should be established as well as the amount of such allowances. When making such determination, consideration is given to, among other things, the following:
(i)	 	future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards;	
 	 	 	
(ii)	 	future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences;	
 	 	 	
(iii)	 	 taxable income in prior carryback years; and	
 	 	 	
(iv)	 	 tax planning strategies.	
The Company may be required to change its provision for income taxes in certain circumstances. Examples of such circumstances include when the ultimate deductibility of certain items for which there is no tax reserve is challenged by taxing authorities, when previous positions for which the Company reserved are effectively settled when estimates used in determining valuation allowances on deferred tax assets significantly change or when receipt of new information indicates the need for adjustment in valuation allowances. Additionally, future events such as changes in tax legislation could have an impact on the provision for income tax and the effective tax rate. Any such changes could significantly affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements in the year these changes occur.
The Company classifies interest recognized as interest expense and penalties recognized as a component of income tax.
Collateral Finance Facility
Collateral finance facility represents notes issued to fund collateral requirements for statutory reserves on specified term life insurance policies reinsured by RGA Reinsurance. The cost of the facility is reflected in collateral finance facility expense. See Note 16 — “Collateral Finance Facility” for additional information.
Company-Obligated Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Securities of Subsidiary Trust Holding Solely Junior Subordinated Debentures of the Company
During December 2001, RGA Capital Trust I (the “Trust”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of RGA, sold Preferred Income Equity Redeemable Securities (“PIERS”) Units. Each unit consists of a preferred security (“Preferred Securities”) issued by the Trust with a detachable warrant to purchase 1.2508 shares of RGA common stock. The Trust sold 4.5 million PIERS units. The fair value of the Preferred Securities on the date issued, $158.1 million, was recorded in liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets under the caption “Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust holding solely junior subordinated debentures”. The coupon rate of the Preferred Securities is 5.75% on a face amount of $225.0 million. See Note 23 — “Subsequent Events” for additional information.
Warrants
The fair value of the detachable warrants on the date the PIERS units were issued is recorded in stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets under the caption “Warrants”. In the aggregate as of December 31, 2010, 4.5 million warrants to purchase approximately 5.6 million shares of Company common stock at a price per share of $39.98 were outstanding. If on any date after December 18, 2004, the closing price of RGA common stock exceeds and has exceeded a price per share equal to $47.97 for at least 20 trading days within the immediately preceding 30 consecutive trading days, the Company may
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redeem the warrants in whole for cash, RGA common stock, or a combination of cash and RGA common stock. See Note 23 — “Subsequent Events” for additional information.
Foreign Currency Translation
The translation of the foreign currency into U.S. dollars is performed for balance sheet accounts using current exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts using a weighted-average exchange rate during each year. Gains or losses, net of applicable deferred income taxes, resulting from such translation are included in accumulated currency translation adjustments, in AOCI on the consolidated balance sheets until the underlying subsidiary is sold or substantially liquidated. The Company’s material functional currencies are the Canadian dollar, the British pound, the Australian dollar, the Japanese yen, the Korean won, Euros and the South African rand.
Retrocession Arrangements and Reinsurance Ceded Receivables
The Company generally reports retrocession activity on a gross basis. Amounts paid or deemed to have been paid for reinsurance are reflected in reinsurance ceded receivables. The cost of reinsurance related to long-duration contracts is recognized over the terms of the reinsured policies on a basis consistent with the reporting of those policies.
In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to limit its exposure to loss on any single insured and to recover a portion of benefits paid by ceding reinsurance to other insurance enterprises or reinsurers under excess coverage and coinsurance contracts. In the individual life markets, the Company retains a maximum of $8.0 million of coverage per individual life. Claims in excess of this retention amount are retroceded to retrocessionaires; however, the Company remains fully liable to the ceding company for the entire amount of risk it assumes. In certain limited situations, due to the acquisition of in force blocks of business, the Company has retained more than $8.0 million per individual policy. In total, the Company has identified 17 such cases of over-retained lives, for a total amount of $54.9 million over the Company’s normal retention limit. These amounts include 8 cases with $36.3 million of exposure related to second to die policies with coverages split between multiple insureds. The largest amount in excess of the Company’s retention on any one life is $19.5 million. The Company enters into agreements with other reinsurers to mitigate the residual risk related to the over-retained policies. Additionally, due to some lower face amount reinsurance coverages provided by the Company in addition to individual life, such as group life, disability and health, under certain circumstances, the Company could potentially incur claims totaling more than $8.0 million per individual life.
Retrocessions are arranged through the Company’s retrocession pools for amounts in excess of the Company’s retention limit. As of December 31, 2010, all rated retrocession pool participants followed by the A.M. Best Company were rated “A- (excellent)” or better. The Company verifies retrocession pool participants’ ratings on a quarterly basis. For a majority of the retrocessionaires that were not rated, security in the form of letters of credit or trust assets has been given as additional security in favor of RGA Reinsurance. In addition, the Company performs annual financial reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability and performance. In addition to its third party retrocessionaires, various RGA reinsurance subsidiaries retrocede amounts in excess of their retention to RGA Reinsurance, RGA Barbados, RGA Americas, Manor Reinsurance, Ltd. (“Manor Re”), RGA Worldwide or RGA Atlantic.
As of December 31, 2010, the Company had claims recoverable due from retrocessionaires of $162.4 million, which is included in reinsurance ceded receivables, in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company considers outstanding claims recoverable in excess of 90 days to be past due. There was $16.0 million of past due claims recoverable as of December 31, 2010. Based on the Company’ s annual financial reviews noted in the paragraph above, the Company has not established a valuation allowance for claims recoverable from retrocessionaires. The Company has never experienced a material default in connection with retrocession arrangements, nor has it experienced any difficulty in collecting claims recoverable from retrocessionaires; however, no assurance can be given as to the future performance of such retrocessionaires or as to recoverability of any such claims.
Recognition of Revenues and Related Expenses
Life and health premiums are recognized as revenue when due from the insured, and are reported net of amounts retroceded. Benefits and expenses are reported net of amounts retroceded and are associated with earned premiums so that profits are recognized over the life of the related contract. This association is accomplished through the provision for future policy benefits and the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. Other revenue includes items such as treaty recapture fees, fees associated with financial reinsurance and policy changes on interest-sensitive and investment-type products that the Company reinsures. Any fees that are collected in advance of the period benefited are deferred and recognized over the period benefited.
For certain reinsurance transactions involving in force blocks of business, the ceding company pays a premium equal to the initial required reserve (future policy benefit). In such transactions, for income statement presentation, the Company nets the
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expense associated with the establishment of the reserve on the consolidated balance sheet against the premiums from the transaction.
Revenues for interest-sensitive and investment-type products consist of investment income, policy charges for the cost of insurance, policy administration, and surrenders that have been assessed against policy account balances during the period. Interest-sensitive contract liabilities for these products represent policy account balances before applicable surrender charges. Deferred policy acquisition costs are recognized as expenses over the term of the policies. Policy benefits and claims that are charged to expenses include claims incurred in the period in excess of related policy account balances and interest credited to policy account balances.
The following table presents the weighted average interest-crediting rates and minimum guaranteed rate ranges for contracts containing guaranteed rates by major class of interest-sensitive product as of December 31, 2010.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Current	 	 	 	 	
 	 	weighted-average	 	 	 	 	
 	 	interest crediting	 	 	 	 	
Interest sensitive contract liability	 	rate	 	 	Minimum guaranteed rate ranges	 	
Traditional individual fixed annuities	 	 	3.79	%	 	 	2.50 — 4.50	%	
Equity-indexed annuities	 	 	3.69	%	 	 	1.00 — 3.00	%	
Individual variable annuity contracts	 	 	5.12	%	 	 	1.50 — 5.71	%	
Guaranteed investment contracts	 	 	3.79	%	 	 	0.00 — 4.50	%	
Universal life — type policies	 	 	5.00	%	 	 	3.00 — 6.00	%	
The spread profits on the Company’s fixed annuity and interest-sensitive whole life, universal life (“UL”) and fixed portion of variable universal life (“VUL”) insurance policies are at risk if interest rates decline and remain relatively low for a period of time, which has generally been the case in recent years. Should interest rates remain at current levels that are significantly lower than those existing prior to the declines of recent years, the average earned rate of return on the Company’s annuity and UL investment portfolios will continue to decline. Declining portfolio yields may cause the spreads between investment portfolio yields and the interest rate credited to contract holders to deteriorate as the Company’s ability to manage spreads can become limited by minimum guaranteed rates on annuity and UL policies. Minimum guaranteed rates on non-variable annuity and UL policies generally range from 1.0% to 6.0%, with an average guaranteed rate of approximately 2.8%.
The Company manages interest rate spreads for near term income through a combination of crediting rate actions and portfolio management. Certain annuity products contain crediting rates that reset annually, of which $860.4 million of account balances are not subject to surrender charges, with 76.1% of these already at their minimum guaranteed rates as of December 31, 2010. As such, certain management monitoring processes are designed to minimize the effect of sudden and/or sustained changes in interest rates on fair value, cash flows, and net interest income. The Company manages its exposure to interest rates principally by matching floating rate liabilities with corresponding floating rate assets and by matching fixed rate liabilities with corresponding fixed rate assets. On a limited basis, the Company may use equity options or other derivatives to minimize its exposure to movements in equity markets that have a direct correlation with certain of its reinsurance products.
Investment income is recognized as it accrues or is legally due. Realized gains and losses on sales of investments are included in investment related gains (losses), net, as are credit impairments that are other-than-temporary in nature. The costs of investments sold is primarily determined based upon the specific identification method.
Net Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share exclude any dilutive effects of any outstanding options, warrants or units. Diluted earnings per share include the dilutive effects assuming outstanding stock options, warrants or units were exercised.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Changes to the general accounting principles are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of accounting standards updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™. Accounting standards updates not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Consolidation and Business Combinations
In December 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Business Combinations as it relates to the disclosure of supplementary pro forma information for business combinations. The amendment requires the disclosure of pro forma information for business combinations that occurred in the current reporting period. The disclosures include pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the current reporting period as though the acquisition date for all business
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combinations that occurred during the year had been as of the beginning of the annual reporting period. This amendment also explains that if comparative financial statements are presented, the pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the comparable prior reporting period should be reported as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the current year had been as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The adoption of this amendment is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In February 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Consolidation as it relates to the assessment of a variable interest entity for potential consolidation. The amendment defers the effective date of the  Consolidation  amendment made in June 2009 for certain variable interest entities. This update also clarifies how a related party’s interest should be considered when evaluating variable interests. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after January 31, 2010. The adoption of this amendment did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Consolidation as it relates to decreases in ownership of a subsidiary. This amendment clarifies the scope of the decrease in ownership provisions. This amendment also requires additional disclosures about the deconsolidation of a subsidiary or derecognition of a group of assets. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In June 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Consolidation as it relates to the assessment of a variable interest entity for potential consolidation. This amendment also requires additional disclosures to provide transparent information regarding the involvement in a variable interest entity. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Business Combinations. This amendment establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures certain items in a business combination, as well as disclosures about the nature and financial effects of a business combination. The FASB also amended the general accounting principles for  Consolidation  as it relates to noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements. This amendment establishes accounting and reporting standards surrounding noncontrolling interest, or minority interests, which are the portions of equity in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008 and apply prospectively to business combinations. Presentation and disclosure requirements related to noncontrolling interests must be retrospectively applied. The adoption of these amendments did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Investments
In July 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Receivables as it relates to the disclosures about the credit quality of financing receivables and the allowance for credit losses. This amendment requires additional disclosures that provide a greater level of disaggregated information about the credit quality of financing receivables and the allowance for credit losses. It also requires the disclosure of credit quality indicators, past due information, and modifications of financing receivables. The amendment is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending on or after December 15, 2010, except for disclosures about activity that occurs during the reporting period. Those disclosures are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The Company adopted the effective portions of this amendment in the fourth quarter of 2010 and is evaluating the impact of the disclosures about activity that occurs during the reporting period. The required disclosures are provided in Note 4 — “Investments”.
In April 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Investments as it relates to the recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairments. This amendment updates the other-than-temporary impairment guidance for fixed maturity securities to make it more operational and to improve the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) on fixed maturity and equity securities in the financial statements. The recognition provisions apply only to fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity, while the presentation and disclosure requirements apply to both fixed maturity and equity securities. An impaired fixed maturity security will be considered other-than-temporarily impaired if the Company has the intent to sell or it more likely than not will be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost. If the holder of a fixed maturity security does not expect recovery of the entire cost basis, even if there is no intention to sell the security, an OTTI has occurred. This amendment also changes how an entity recognizes an OTTI for a fixed maturity security by separating the loss between the amount representing the credit loss
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and the amount relating to other factors, if the Company does not have the intent to sell or it more likely than not will not be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost less any current period credit loss. Credit losses will be recognized in net income and losses relating to other factors will be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). If the Company has the intent to sell or it more likely than not will be required to sell before its recovery of amortized cost less any current period credit loss, the entire OTTI will be recognized in net income. This amendment is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment resulted in a net after-tax increase to retained earnings and a decrease to accumulated other comprehensive income of $4.4 million, as of April 1, 2009. The required disclosures are provided in Note 4 — “Investments”.
Transfers and Servicing
In June 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Transfers and Servicing as it relates to the transfers of financial assets. This amendment also requires additional disclosures to address concerns regarding the transparency of transfers of financial assets. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In February 2008, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Transfers and Servicing as it relates to the accounting for transfers of financial assets and repurchase financing transactions. This amendment provides guidance for evaluating whether to account for a transfer of a financial asset and repurchase financing as a single transaction or as two separate transactions. The amendment is effective prospectively for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Derivatives and Hedging
In March 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging as it relates to embedded derivatives. This amendment clarifies the scope exception for embedded credit derivative features related to the transfer of credit risk in the form of subordination of a financial instrument to another. The amendment is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after June 15, 2010. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In March 2008, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging as it relates to the disclosures about derivative instruments and hedging activities. This amendment requires enhanced qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. The amendment is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company adopted this amendment in the first quarter of 2009. The required disclosures are provided in Note 5 — “Derivative Instruments”.
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures
In January 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures as it relates to the disclosures about fair value measurements. This amendment requires new disclosures about the transfers in and out of Level 1 and 2 measurements and also enhances disclosures about the activity within the Level 3 measurements. It also clarifies the required level of disaggregation and the disclosures regarding valuation techniques and inputs to fair value measurements. The amendment is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the enhanced Level 3 disclosures. Those disclosures are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The Company adopted the effective portions of this amendment in the first quarter of 2010 and is evaluating the impact of the enhanced Level 3 disclosures. The required disclosures are provided in Note 6 — “Fair Value of Financial Instruments”.
In September 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures as it relates to the fair value measurement of investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value per share. This amendment allows the fair value of certain investments to be measured on the basis of the net asset value. It also requires disclosure, by major category type, of the attributes of those investments, such as the nature of any restrictions on redemption, any unfunded commitments, and the investment strategies of the investees. The amendment is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
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In August 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures as it relates to measuring liabilities at fair value. This amendment provides guidance for measuring liabilities at fair value when a quoted price in an active market for the identical liability is not available. It also clarifies that the inclusion of a separate input, used in the fair value measurement, relating to the existence of a restriction that prevents the transfer of a liability is not necessary. The amendment is effective for interim and annual reporting beginning after issuance. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In April 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures as it relates to determining fair value when the volume and level of activity for asset or liability have significantly decreased and identifying transactions that are not orderly. This amendment provides additional guidance for estimating fair value when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased in relation to normal market activity for the asset or liability and clarifies that the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. It also provides additional guidance on circumstances that may indicate a transaction is not orderly. Further, it requires additional disclosures about fair value measurements in annual and interim reporting periods. This amendment is effective prospectively for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The required disclosures are provided in Note 6 — “Fair Value of Financial Instruments”.
In October 2008, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures as it relates to determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that asset is not active. This amendment clarifies the application of fair value in a market that is not active and provides an example to illustrate key considerations in determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that financial asset is not active. The amendment was effective upon issuance on October 10, 2008, including prior periods for which financial statements had not been issued. The Company did not consider it necessary to change any valuation techniques as a result of the amendment. The Company also adopted an amendment that delayed the effective date of fair value measurement for certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The effective date was delayed until January 1, 2009 and impacts balance sheet items including nonfinancial assets and liabilities in a business combination and the impairment testing of goodwill and long-lived assets. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
In October 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Financial Services — Insurance as it relates to accounting for costs associated with acquiring or renewing insurance contracts. This amendment clarifies that only those costs that result directly from and are essential to the contract transaction and that would not have been incurred had the contract transaction not occurred can be capitalized. It also defines acquisitions costs as costs that are related directly to the successful acquisitions of new or renewal insurance contracts. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements.
Compensation
In April 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Compensation as it relates to stock compensation. This amendment clarifies that an employee share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which a substantial portion of the entity’s equity securities trades should not be considered to contain a condition that is not a market, performance, or service condition. Therefore, such an award should not be classified as a liability if it otherwise qualifies as equity. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The adoption of this amendment is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2008, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Compensation as it relates to employers disclosures about postretirement benefit plan assets. This amendment provides guidance for disclosure of the types of assets and associated risks in retirement plans. The new disclosures are designed to provide additional insight into the major categories of plan assets, the inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of plan assets, the effect of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs on changes in plan assets for the period, significant concentrations of risk within plan assets and how investment decisions are made, including factors necessary to understanding investment policies and strategies. The disclosures about plan assets required by this amendment is effective for financial statements with fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have a material impact on the
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Company’s consolidated financial statements. The required disclosures are provided in Note 10 — “Employee Benefit Plans”.
Debt
In October 2009, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Debt as it relates to the accounting for own-share lending arrangements entered into in contemplation of a convertible debt issuance or other financing. This amendment provides accounting and disclosure guidance for own-share lending arrangements issued in contemplation of convertible debt issuance. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Equity
In January 2010, the FASB amended the general accounting principles for Equity as it relates to distributions to shareholders with components of stock and cash. This amendment clarifies that the stock portion of a distribution to shareholders, which allows them to elect to receive cash or stock with a limitation on the total amount of cash that shareholders can receive, is considered a share issuance that is reflected in earnings per share prospectively and is not a stock dividend. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this amendment did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Reclassification
The Company has reclassified the presentation of certain prior period information to conform to the 2010 presentation. Such reclassifications include combining “U.S. corporate securities” and “Foreign corporate securities” and display them as “Corporate securities” in the Company’s investment and fair values disclosures. In addition, the consolidated statements of cash flows have been revised to separately disclose the deposits and the withdrawals on universal life and other investment type policies and contracts.
NOTE 3 STOCK TRANSACTIONS
On September 5, 2008, the shareholders of RGA approved a recapitalization and distribution agreement by and between RGA and MetLife, Inc. (“MetLife”). In the recapitalization, each issued and outstanding share of RGA common stock was reclassified as RGA class A common stock. The recapitalization was completed on September 12, 2008. Immediately after the recapitalization, MetLife and its subsidiaries, which held 32,243,539 shares of RGA’s outstanding stock, exchanged 29,243,539 shares of RGA class A common stock for 29,243,539 shares of RGA class B common stock, which featured enhanced voting rights. In turn, MetLife exchanged all of its RGA class B common stock to MetLife shareholders for shares of MetLife common stock.
On November 4, 2008, RGA completed a public offering of 10,235,000 shares of RGA class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share. The price per share was $33.89, and the aggregate value of the transaction was approximately $346.9 million.
On November 25, 2008, the shareholders of RGA approved a proposal to convert RGA class B common stock into RGA class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, with such class A common stock being automatically redesignated as “common stock”. In addition, the shareholders approved a proposal to amend and restate RGA’s articles of incorporation to eliminate provisions relating to Class B common stock and RGA’s dual-class common stock structure. As a result of the approval of the proposals, all holders of the new single class of common stock have identical voting rights in all respects.
In February 2010, the Company issued 63,646 shares of common stock from treasury and repurchased from recipients 15,528 of its common shares at $46.23 per share in settlement of income tax withholding requirements incurred by recipients of an equity incentive award. Additionally, in February 2010, non-employee directors were granted a total of 10,600 shares of common stock.
On January 23, 2002, the board of directors approved a stock repurchase program authorizing the Company to purchase up to $50 million of its shares of stock, as conditions warrant. The board’s action allows management, at its discretion, to purchase shares on the open market. The Company has approximately $43.4 million remaining under the approved program with no shares purchased since 2002. Purchased shares are held as treasury stock. The Company generally uses treasury shares to support the future exercise of options or settlement of awards granted under its stock plans.
See Note 23 — “Subsequent Events” for additional information regarding the Company’s stock transactions.
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Note 4 INVESTMENTS
The Company had total cash and invested assets of $23.1 billion and $19.7 billion at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, as illustrated below (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	 	$	14,304,597	 	 	$	11,763,358	 	
Mortgage loans on real estate	 	 	885,811	 	 	 	791,668	 	
Policy loans	 	 	1,228,418	 	 	 	1,136,564	 	
Funds withheld at interest	 	 	5,421,952	 	 	 	4,895,356	 	
Short-term investments	 	 	118,387	 	 	 	121,060	 	
Other invested assets	 	 	707,403	 	 	 	516,086	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	 	463,661	 	 	 	512,027	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total cash and invested assets	 	$	23,130,229	 	 	$	19,736,119	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
All investments held by the Company are monitored for conformance with the qualitative and quantitative limits prescribed by the applicable jurisdiction’s insurance laws and regulations. In addition, the operating companies’ boards of directors periodically review their respective investment portfolios. The Company’s investment strategy is to maintain a predominantly investment-grade, fixed maturity securities portfolio, which will provide adequate liquidity for expected reinsurance obligations and maximize total return through prudent asset management. The Company’s asset/liability duration matching differs between operating segments. Based on Canadian reserve requirements, the Canadian liabilities are matched with long-duration Canadian assets. The duration of the Canadian portfolio exceeds twenty years. The average duration for all the Company’s portfolios, when consolidated, ranges between eight and ten years.
Investment Income, Net of Related Expenses
Major categories of investment income, net of related expenses consist of the following (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	 	$	715,817	 	 	$	609,917	 	 	$	554,230	 	
Mortgage loans on real estate	 	 	51,186	 	 	 	46,652	 	 	 	49,324	 	
Policy loans	 	 	72,743	 	 	 	68,213	 	 	 	64,962	 	
Funds withheld at interest	 	 	385,762	 	 	 	382,351	 	 	 	175,228	 	
Short-term investments	 	 	4,968	 	 	 	4,692	 	 	 	4,343	 	
Other invested assets	 	 	33,187	 	 	 	28,777	 	 	 	38,218	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment revenue	 	 	1,263,663	 	 	 	1,140,602	 	 	 	886,305	 	
Investment expense	 	 	(25,003	)	 	 	(18,140	)	 	 	(15,029	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	$	1,238,660	 	 	$	1,122,462	 	 	$	871,276	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net
Investment related gains (losses), net consist of the following (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Fixed maturity and equity securities available for sale:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other-than-temporary impairment losses on fixed maturities	 	$	(31,920	)	 	$	(128,834	)	 	$	(113,313	)	
Portion of loss recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (before taxes)	 	 	2,045	 	 	 	16,045	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net other-than-temporary impairment losses on fixed maturity securities recognized in earnings	 	 	(29,875	)	 	 	(112,789	)	 	 	(113,313	)	
Impairment losses on equity securities	 	 	(32	)	 	 	(11,058	)	 	 	(17,232	)	
Gain on investment activity	 	 	100,957	 	 	 	113,872	 	 	 	32,381	 	
Loss on investment activity	 	 	(28,730	)	 	 	(72,987	)	 	 	(24,061	)	
Other impairment losses	 	 	(5,976	)	 	 	(8,471	)	 	 	(526	)	
Derivatives and other, net	 	 	175,686	 	 	 	125,581	 	 	 	(524,454	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net gains (losses)	 	$	212,030	 	 	$	34,148	 	 	$	(647,205	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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The net other-than-temporary impairment losses on fixed maturity securities recognized in 2010 were primarily due to a decline in value of structured securities with exposure to commercial mortgages. The much larger other-than-temporary impairments in 2009 and 2008 were primarily due to the turmoil in the U.S. and global financial markets. That condition had moderated considerably by the beginning of 2010. The volatility in derivatives and other is primarily due to changes in the fair value of embedded derivative liabilities associated with modified coinsurance and funds withheld treaties and guaranteed minimum benefit riders.
In the fourth quarter of 2009, the Company wrote off its remaining interest in its direct insurance operations in Argentina, recording a $3.0 million investment-related loss. Investment income and a portion of investment related gains and losses are allocated to the segments based upon average assets and related capital levels deemed appropriate to support the segment business volumes.
At December 31, 2010 and 2009 the Company owned non-income producing securities with amortized costs of $45.3 million and $29.2 million, and estimated fair values of $41.2 million and $29.3 million, respectively. During 2010, 2009 and 2008 the Company sold fixed maturity securities and equity securities with fair values of $622.4 million, $687.8 million, and $536.7 million, which were below amortized cost, at gross losses of $28.7 million, $73.0 million and $24.1 million, respectively. The Company generally does not engage in short-term buying and selling of securities.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairments — Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities
The Company has a process in place to identify fixed maturity and equity securities that could potentially have credit impairments that are other-than-temporary. This process involves monitoring market events that could impact issuers’ credit ratings, business climates, management changes, litigation, government actions and other similar factors. This process also involves monitoring late payments, pricing levels, rating agency actions, key financial ratios, financial statements, revenue forecasts and cash flow projections as indicators of credit issues.
The Company reviews all securities to determine whether an other-than-temporary decline in value exists and whether losses should be recognized. The Company considers relevant facts and circumstances in evaluating whether a credit or interest rate-related impairment of a security is other-than-temporary. Relevant facts and circumstances considered include: (1) the extent and length of time the fair value has been below cost; (2) the reasons for the decline in fair value; (3) the issuers financial position and access to capital; and (4) for fixed maturity securities, the Company’s intent to sell a security or whether it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost which, in some cases, may extend to maturity and for equity securities, its ability and intent to hold the security for a period of time that allows for the recovery in value. To the extent the Company determines that a security is deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired, an impairment loss is recognized.
On April 1, 2009, (“Date of Adoption”), the Company adopted the amended general accounting principles for Investments  as it relates to the recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairments See Note 2 — “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion of the adoption. The amended recognition provisions apply only to fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity, while the presentation and disclosure requirements apply to both fixed maturity and equity securities.
The Company recognized $29.9 million of credit related losses for the year end December 31, 2010, primarily in various commercial mortgage-backed securities and to a lesser extent, U.S. corporate securities. For the nine-month period between the Date of Adoption and December 31, 2009, the Company recognized $78.4 million of credit-related losses in mortgage-backed securities and U.S. corporate securities combined. The Company estimates the amount of the credit loss component of a fixed maturity security impairment as the difference between amortized cost and the present value of the expected cash flows of the security. The present value is determined using the best estimate cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate implicit to the security at the date of purchase or the current yield to accrete an asset-backed or floating rate security. The techniques and assumptions for establishing the best estimate cash flows vary depending on the type of security. The asset-backed securities’ cash flow estimates are based on security-specific facts and circumstances that may include collateral characteristics, expectations of delinquency and default rates, loss severity and prepayment speeds and structural support, including subordination and guarantees. The corporate fixed maturity security cash flow estimates are derived from scenario-based outcomes of expected corporate restructurings or the disposition of assets using security specific facts and circumstances including timing, security interests and loss severity.
In periods after an other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized on a debt security, the Company will report the impaired security as if it had been purchased on the date it was impaired and will continue to estimate the present value of the estimated cash flows of the security. Estimated cash flows exceeding the new amortized cost basis will be accreted as interest income.
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The following table sets forth the amount of credit loss impairments on fixed maturity securities held by the Company as of the dates indicated, for which a portion of the other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) loss was recognized in AOCI, and the corresponding changes in such amounts (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009 (1)	 	
Balance, beginning of period	 	$	47,905	 	 	$	17,132	 	
Initial impairments — credit loss OTTI recognized on securities not previously impaired	 	 	7,359	 	 	 	7,853	 	
Additional impairments — credit loss OTTI recognized on securities previously impaired	 	 	9,346	 	 	 	22,920	 	
Credit loss impairments previously recognized on securities which were sold during the period	 	 	(17,319	)	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, end of period	 	$	47,291	 	 	$	47,905	 	

 	 	 	
(1)	 	Represents nine month period due to adoption of amended general accounting principles on April 1, 2009. 	
Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale
As mentioned above, the amended general accounting principles for Investments change how an entity recognizes an other-than-temporary impairment for a fixed maturity security by separating the other-than-temporary impairment loss between the amount representing the credit loss and the amount relating to other factors, such as an increase in interest rates, if the Company does not have the intent to sell or it more likely than not will not be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost less any current period credit loss. Credit losses are recognized in net income and losses relating to other non-credit factors are recognized in AOCI and included in unrealized losses in the 2010 table below. The following tables provide information relating to investments in fixed maturity securities and equity securities by sector as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Other-than-temporary	 	
 	 	Amortized	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Estimated	 	 	% of	 	 	impairments	 	
December 31, 2010:	 	Cost	 	 	Gains	 	 	Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Total	 	 	in AOCI	 	
Available-for-sale:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	$	6,826,937	 	 	$	436,384	 	 	$	107,816	 	 	$	7,155,505	 	 	 	50.0	%	 	$	—	 	
Canadian and Canadian provincial governments	 	 	2,354,418	 	 	 	672,951	 	 	 	3,886	 	 	 	3,023,483	 	 	 	21.1	 	 	 	—	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,443,892	 	 	 	55,765	 	 	 	26,580	 	 	 	1,473,077	 	 	 	10.3	 	 	 	(1,650	)	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	440,752	 	 	 	12,001	 	 	 	61,544	 	 	 	391,209	 	 	 	2.7	 	 	 	(4,963	)	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,353,279	 	 	 	81,839	 	 	 	97,265	 	 	 	1,337,853	 	 	 	9.4	 	 	 	(10,010	)	
U.S. government and agencies	 	 	199,129	 	 	 	7,795	 	 	 	708	 	 	 	206,216	 	 	 	1.4	 	 	 	—	 	
State and political subdivisions	 	 	170,479	 	 	 	2,098	 	 	 	8,117	 	 	 	164,460	 	 	 	1.2	 	 	 	—	 	
Other foreign government securities	 	 	556,136	 	 	 	4,304	 	 	 	7,646	 	 	 	552,794	 	 	 	3.9	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed maturity securities	 	$	13,345,022	 	 	$	1,273,137	 	 	$	313,562	 	 	$	14,304,597	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	(16,623	)	

Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	$	100,718	 	 	$	4,130	 	 	$	5,298	 	 	$	99,550	 	 	 	71.0	%	 	 	 	 	
Other equity securities	 	 	34,832	 	 	 	6,100	 	 	 	271	 	 	 	40,661	 	 	 	29.0	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total equity securities	 	$	135,550	 	 	$	10,230	 	 	$	5,569	 	 	$	140,211	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Other-than-temporary	 	
 	 	Amortized	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Estimated	 	 	% of	 	 	impairments	 	
December 31, 2009:	 	Cost	 	 	Gains	 	 	Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Total	 	 	in AOCI	 	
Available-for-sale:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	$	5,317,603	 	 	$	257,975	 	 	$	180,782	 	 	$	5,394,796	 	 	 	45.9	%	 	$	—	 	
Canadian and Canadian provincial governments	 	 	1,984,475	 	 	 	394,498	 	 	 	25,746	 	 	 	2,353,227	 	 	 	20.0	 	 	 	—	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,494,021	 	 	 	32,538	 	 	 	70,015	 	 	 	1,456,544	 	 	 	12.4	 	 	 	(7,018	)	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	522,760	 	 	 	9,307	 	 	 	80,131	 	 	 	451,936	 	 	 	3.8	 	 	 	(2,194	)	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,177,621	 	 	 	20,670	 	 	 	169,427	 	 	 	1,028,864	 	 	 	8.7	 	 	 	(13,690	)	
U.S. government and agencies	 	 	540,001	 	 	 	1,085	 	 	 	15,027	 	 	 	526,059	 	 	 	4.5	 	 	 	—	 	
State and political subdivisions	 	 	107,233	 	 	 	273	 	 	 	17,744	 	 	 	89,762	 	 	 	0.8	 	 	 	—	 	
Other foreign government securities	 	 	473,243	 	 	 	2,198	 	 	 	13,271	 	 	 	462,170	 	 	 	3.9	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed maturity securities	 	$	11,616,957	 	 	$	718,544	 	 	$	572,143	 	 	$	11,763,358	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	(22,902	)	

Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	$	123,648	 	 	$	1,878	 	 	$	12,328	 	 	$	113,198	 	 	 	66.0	%	 	 	 	 	
Other equity securities	 	 	58,008	 	 	 	760	 	 	 	409	 	 	 	58,359	 	 	 	34.0	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total equity securities	 	$	181,656	 	 	$	2,638	 	 	$	12,737	 	 	$	171,557	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The table above as of December 31, 2010 excludes fixed maturity securities posted by the Company as collateral to counterparties with an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $46.9 million and $48.2 million, respectively, which is
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included in other invested assets, in the consolidated balance sheets. There were no securities posted as collateral to counterparties as of December 31, 2009.
As of December 31, 2010, the Company held securities with a fair value of $959.5 million that were issued by the Canadian province of Ontario and $871.6 million in one entity that were guaranteed by the Canadian province of Quebec, all of which exceeded 10% of consolidated stockholders’ equity. As of December 31, 2009, the Company held securities with a fair value of $448.3 million issued by the Federal National Mortgage Corporation, $482.6 million that were issued by the United States Treasury, $895.7 million that were issued by the Canadian province of Ontario and $679.9 million in one entity that were guaranteed by the Canadian province of Quebec, all of which exceeded 10% of consolidated stockholders’ equity.
At December 31, 2010 and 2009 the Company held fixed maturity securities that were below investment grade with book values of $786.9 million and $757.3 million, and estimated fair values of $712.1 million and $613.3 million, respectively.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2010 are shown by contractual maturity for all securities except certain U.S. government agencies securities, which are distributed to maturity year based on the Company’s estimate of the rate of future prepayments of principal over the remaining lives of the securities. These estimates are derived from prepayment rates experienced at the interest rate levels projected for the applicable underlying collateral and can be expected to vary from actual experience. Actual maturities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
At December 31, 2010, the contractual maturities of investments in fixed maturity securities were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Amortized	 	 	Fair	 	
 	 	Cost	 	 	Value	 	
Available-for-sale:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Due in one year or less	 	$	278,719	 	 	$	282,080	 	
Due after one year through five years	 	 	1,924,958	 	 	 	1,977,693	 	
Due after five year through ten years	 	 	3,310,234	 	 	 	3,542,988	 	
Due after ten years	 	 	4,593,188	 	 	 	5,299,697	 	
Asset and mortgage-backed securities	 	 	3,237,923	 	 	 	3,202,139	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	13,345,022	 	 	$	14,304,597	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate Fixed Maturity Securities
The tables below show the major industry types and weighted average credit ratings of the Company’s corporate fixed maturity holdings as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	Average Credit	 	
December 31, 2010: 	 	Amortized Cost	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	% of Total	 	 	Ratings	 	
Finance	 	$	2,782,936	 	 	$	2,833,022	 	 	 	39.6	%	 	A	 	
Industrial	 	 	3,121,326	 	 	 	3,341,104	 	 	 	46.7	 	 	BBB+	 	
Utility	 	 	908,737	 	 	 	967,017	 	 	 	13.5	 	 	BBB+	 	
Other	 	 	13,938	 	 	 	14,361	 	 	 	0.2	 	 	AA+	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	6,826,937	 	 	$	7,155,504	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	A-	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated	 	 	 	 	 	Average Credit	 	
December 31, 2009:	 	Amortized Cost	 	Fair Value	 	% of Total	 	Ratings	 	
Finance	 	$	2,258,871	 	 	$	2,198,183	 	 	 	40.7	%	 	A	 	
Industrial	 	 	2,257,422	 	 	 	2,365,970	 	 	 	43.9	 	 	BBB+	 	
Utility	 	 	783,107	 	 	 	812,424	 	 	 	15.1	 	 	BBB+	 	
Other	 	 	18,203	 	 	 	18,219	 	 	 	0.3	 	 	AA+	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	5,317,603	 	 	$	5,394,796	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	A-	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale
The following table presents the total gross unrealized losses for 1,028 and 1,316 fixed maturity and equity securities at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by the indicated amount (dollars in thousands):
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 	 	December 31, 2010	 	 	December 31, 2009	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Number of	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	 	 	 	 	Number of	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Securities	 	 	Losses	 	 	% of Total	 	 	Securities	 	 	Losses	 	 	% of Total	 	
Less than 20%	 	 	908	 	 	$	146,404	 	 	 	45.9	%	 	 	1,112	 	 	$	254,075	 	 	 	43.4	%	
20% or more for less than six months	 	 	14	 	 	 	18,114	 	 	 	5.7	 	 	 	38	 	 	 	69,322	 	 	 	11.9	 	
20% or more for six months or greater	 	 	106	 	 	 	154,613	 	 	 	48.4	 	 	 	166	 	 	 	261,483	 	 	 	44.7	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	 	1,028	 	 	$	319,131	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	 	1,316	 	 	$	584,880	 	 	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, 66.1% and 71.4% of these gross unrealized losses were associated with securities that were investment grade. The Company’s fixed maturity portfolio has experienced a significant recovery of market value since December 31, 2009. The amount of the unrealized loss on these securities was primarily attributable to a widening of credit spreads since the time securities were purchased.
While all of these securities are monitored for potential impairment, the Company believes that due to fluctuating market conditions and liquidity concerns, and the relatively recent high levels of price volatility, the extent and duration of a decline in value have become less indicative of when there has been credit deterioration with respect to an issuer. The Company’s determination of whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary includes analysis of the underlying credit and the extent and duration of a decline in value. The Company’s credit analysis of an investment includes determining whether the issuer is current on its contractual payments, evaluating whether it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security and analyzing the overall ability of the Company to recover the amortized cost of the investment. The Company continues to consider valuation declines as a potential indicator of credit deterioration.
The following tables present the estimated fair values and gross unrealized losses, including other-than-temporary impairment losses reported in AOCI, for the 1,028 and 1,316 fixed maturity and equity securities that have estimated fair values below amortized cost as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively (dollars in thousands). These investments are presented by class and grade of security, as well as the length of time the related market value has remained below amortized cost.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Less than 12 months	 	 	12 months or greater	 	 	Total	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	
 	 	Estimated	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Estimated	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Estimated	 	 	Unrealized	 	
December 31, 2010:	 	Fair Value	 	 	Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Losses	 	
Investment grade securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	$	1,170,016	 	 	$	34,097	 	 	$	368,128	 	 	$	61,945	 	 	$	1,538,144	 	 	$	96,042	 	
Canadian and Canadian provincial	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
governments	 	 	118,585	 	 	 	3,886	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	118,585	 	 	 	3,886	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	195,406	 	 	 	4,986	 	 	 	105,601	 	 	 	13,607	 	 	 	301,007	 	 	 	18,593	 	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	23,065	 	 	 	570	 	 	 	131,172	 	 	 	38,451	 	 	 	154,237	 	 	 	39,021	 	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	132,526	 	 	 	4,143	 	 	 	109,158	 	 	 	29,059	 	 	 	241,684	 	 	 	33,202	 	
U.S. government and agencies	 	 	11,839	 	 	 	708	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	11,839	 	 	 	708	 	
State and political subdivisions	 	 	68,229	 	 	 	2,890	 	 	 	31,426	 	 	 	5,227	 	 	 	99,655	 	 	 	8,117	 	
Other foreign government securities	 	 	322,363	 	 	 	3,142	 	 	 	43,796	 	 	 	4,504	 	 	 	366,159	 	 	 	7,646	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment grade securities	 	 	2,042,029	 	 	 	54,422	 	 	 	789,281	 	 	 	152,793	 	 	 	2,831,310	 	 	 	207,215	 	

Non-investment grade securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	 	58,420	 	 	 	1,832	 	 	 	91,205	 	 	 	9,942	 	 	 	149,625	 	 	 	11,774	 	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	23,356	 	 	 	22,523	 	 	 	23,356	 	 	 	22,523	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,162	 	 	 	605	 	 	 	38,206	 	 	 	7,382	 	 	 	39,368	 	 	 	7,987	 	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	89,170	 	 	 	64,063	 	 	 	89,170	 	 	 	64,063	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total non-investment grade securities	 	 	59,582	 	 	 	2,437	 	 	 	241,937	 	 	 	103,910	 	 	 	301,519	 	 	 	106,347	 	

Total fixed maturity securities	 	$	2,101,611	 	 	$	56,859	 	 	$	1,031,218	 	 	$	256,703	 	 	$	3,132,829	 	 	$	313,562	 	

Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	$	15,987	 	 	$	834	 	 	$	28,549	 	 	$	4,464	 	 	$	44,536	 	 	$	5,298	 	
Other equity securities	 	 	6,877	 	 	 	271	 	 	 	318	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	7,195	 	 	 	271	 	

Total equity securities	 	$	22,864	 	 	$	1,105	 	 	$	28,867	 	 	$	4,464	 	 	$	51,731	 	 	$	5,569	 	

Total number of securities in an	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
unrealized loss position	 	 	520	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	508	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	1,028	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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 	 	Less than 12 months	 	 	12 months or greater	 	 	Total	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	
 	 	Estimated	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Estimated	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	Estimated	 	 	Unrealized	 	
December 31, 2009:	 	Fair Value	 	 	Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Losses	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	Losses	 	
Investment grade securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	$	735,455	 	 	$	32,887	 	 	$	862,208	 	 	$	114,404	 	 	$	1,597,663	 	 	$	147,291	 	
Canadian and Canadian provincial	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
governments	 	 	494,718	 	 	 	15,374	 	 	 	135,315	 	 	 	10,372	 	 	 	630,033	 	 	 	25,746	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	402,642	 	 	 	23,671	 	 	 	197,320	 	 	 	20,185	 	 	 	599,962	 	 	 	43,856	 	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	48,651	 	 	 	1,927	 	 	 	166,603	 	 	 	57,262	 	 	 	215,254	 	 	 	59,189	 	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	177,360	 	 	 	10,312	 	 	 	425,793	 	 	 	79,297	 	 	 	603,153	 	 	 	89,609	 	
U.S. government and agencies	 	 	496,514	 	 	 	15,027	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	496,514	 	 	 	15,027	 	
State and political subdivisions	 	 	34,612	 	 	 	3,397	 	 	 	40,945	 	 	 	11,437	 	 	 	75,557	 	 	 	14,834	 	
Other foreign government securities	 	 	240,216	 	 	 	8,370	 	 	 	30,321	 	 	 	4,901	 	 	 	270,537	 	 	 	13,271	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investment grade securities	 	 	2,630,168	 	 	 	110,965	 	 	 	1,858,505	 	 	 	297,858	 	 	 	4,488,673	 	 	 	408,823	 	

Non-investment grade securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	 	37,232	 	 	 	11,310	 	 	 	172,146	 	 	 	22,181	 	 	 	209,378	 	 	 	33,491	 	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	6,738	 	 	 	3,256	 	 	 	24,408	 	 	 	17,686	 	 	 	31,146	 	 	 	20,942	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	10,657	 	 	 	1,909	 	 	 	66,756	 	 	 	24,250	 	 	 	77,413	 	 	 	26,159	 	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	57,179	 	 	 	79,818	 	 	 	57,179	 	 	 	79,818	 	
State and political subdivisions	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	5,170	 	 	 	2,910	 	 	 	5,170	 	 	 	2,910	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total non-investment grade securities	 	 	54,627	 	 	 	16,475	 	 	 	325,659	 	 	 	146,845	 	 	 	380,286	 	 	 	163,320	 	

Total fixed maturity securities	 	$	2,684,795	 	 	$	127,440	 	 	$	2,184,164	 	 	$	444,703	 	 	$	4,868,959	 	 	$	572,143	 	

Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	$	8,320	 	 	$	1,263	 	 	$	68,037	 	 	$	11,065	 	 	$	76,357	 	 	$	12,328	 	
Other equity securities	 	 	5	 	 	 	15	 	 	 	7,950	 	 	 	394	 	 	 	7,955	 	 	 	409	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total equity securities	 	$	8,325	 	 	$	1,278	 	 	$	75,987	 	 	$	11,459	 	 	$	84,312	 	 	$	12,737	 	

Total number of securities in an	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
unrealized loss position	 	 	582	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	734	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	1,316	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
As of December 31, 2010, the Company does not intend to sell these fixed maturity securities and does not believe it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell these fixed maturity securities before the recovery of the fair value up to the current amortized cost of the investment, which may be maturity. However, unforeseen facts and circumstances may cause the Company to sell fixed maturity securities in the ordinary course of managing its portfolio to meet certain diversification, credit quality, asset-liability management and liquidity guidelines.
As of December 31, 2010, the Company has the ability and intent to hold the equity securities until the recovery of the fair value up to the current cost of the investment. However, from time to time if facts and circumstances change, the Company may sell equity securities in the ordinary course of managing its portfolio to meet certain diversification, credit quality and liquidity guidelines.
Mortgage Loans
Mortgage loans represented approximately 3.8% and 4.0% of the Company’s cash and invested assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The Company makes mortgage loans on income producing properties, such as apartments, retail and office buildings, light warehouses and light industrial facilities. Loan to value ratios at the time of loan approval are 75% or less for domestic mortgages. The distribution of mortgage loans by property type is as follows as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
 	 	Carrying Value	 	 	Percentage of Total	 	 	Carrying Value	 	 	Percentage of Total	 	
Property type:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Apartment	 	$	93,042	 	 	 	10.5	%	 	$	72,041	 	 	 	9.1	%	
Retail	 	 	255,139	 	 	 	28.8	 	 	 	224,915	 	 	 	28.4	 	
Office building	 	 	257,989	 	 	 	29.1	 	 	 	229,126	 	 	 	28.9	 	
Industrial	 	 	227,868	 	 	 	25.7	 	 	 	231,567	 	 	 	29.3	 	
Other commercial	 	 	51,773	 	 	 	5.9	 	 	 	34,019	 	 	 	4.3	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	885,811	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	791,668	 	 	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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All of the Company’s mortgage loans are amortizing loans. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company’s mortgage loans were distributed throughout the United States as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Percentage of	 	 	 	 	 	 	Percentage of	 	
 	 	Carrying Value	 	 	Total	 	 	Carrying Value	 	 	Total	 	
Pacific	 	$	232,940	 	 	 	26.3	%	 	$	197,327	 	 	 	24.9	%	
South Atlantic	 	 	211,398	 	 	 	23.9	 	 	 	221,355	 	 	 	28.0	 	
Mountain	 	 	99,145	 	 	 	11.2	 	 	 	89,995	 	 	 	11.4	 	
Middle Atlantic	 	 	83,843	 	 	 	9.5	 	 	 	57,615	 	 	 	7.3	 	
West North Central	 	 	70,279	 	 	 	7.9	 	 	 	65,628	 	 	 	8.3	 	
East North Central	 	 	58,955	 	 	 	6.6	 	 	 	73,084	 	 	 	9.2	 	
West South Central	 	 	51,351	 	 	 	5.8	 	 	 	28,926	 	 	 	3.6	 	
East South Central	 	 	41,721	 	 	 	4.7	 	 	 	20,756	 	 	 	2.6	 	
New England	 	 	36,179	 	 	 	4.1	 	 	 	36,982	 	 	 	4.7	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	885,811	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	791,668	 	 	 	100.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The maturities of the mortgage loans as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Due one year through five years	 	$	408,945	 	 	$	309,690	 	
Due after five years	 	 	396,275	 	 	 	433,744	 	
Due after ten years	 	 	80,591	 	 	 	48,234	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	885,811	 	 	$	791,668	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The Company holds commercial mortgages and has established an internal credit risk grading process for these loans. The internal risk rating model is used to estimate the probability of default and the likelihood of loss upon default. The rating scale ranges from “high investment grade” to “in or near default” with high investment grade being the highest quality and least likely to default and lose principal. Likewise, a rating of in or near default indicates the lowest quality and the most likely to default or lose principal. All loans are assigned a rating at origination and ratings are updated at least annually. Lower rated loans appear on the Company’s watch list and are re-evaluated more frequently. The debt service coverage ratio and the loan to value ratio are the most heavily weighted factors in determining the loan rating. Other factors involved in determining the final rating are loan amortization, tenant rollover, location and market stability, and borrowers financial condition and experience. Information regarding the Company’s credit quality indicators for mortgage loans as of December 31, 2010 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	
Internal credit risk grade:	 	2010	 	
High investment grade	 	$	205,127	 	
Investment grade	 	 	615,224	 	
Average	 	 	38,152	 	
Watch list	 	 	27,308	 	
In or near default	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	885,811	 	
 	 	 	 	
The age analysis of the Company’s past due mortgage loan receivables as of December 31, 2010 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	
31-60 days past due	 	$	—	 	
61-90 days past due	 	 	—	 	
Greater than 90 days	 	 	10,513	 	
 	 	 	 	
Total past due	 	 	10,513	 	
Current	 	 	875,298	 	
 	 	 	 	
Total mortgage loan receivables	 	$	885,811	 	
 	 	 	 	
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Information regarding the Company’s loan valuation allowances for mortgage loans as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Balance at January 1,	 	$	5,784	 	 	$	526	 	
Charge-offs	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,371	)	
Provisions	 	 	455	 	 	 	7,629	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31,	 	$	6,239	 	 	$	5,784	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Information regarding the portion of the Company’s mortgage loans that were impaired as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Impaired loans with valuation allowances	 	$	18,745	 	 	$	14,967	 	
Impaired loans without valuation allowances	 	 	16,901	 	 	 	14,317	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Subtotal	 	 	35,646	 	 	 	29,284	 	
Less: Valuation allowances on impaired loans	 	 	6,239	 	 	 	5,784	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Impaired loans	 	$	29,407	 	 	$	23,500	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The Company’s average investment in impaired loans was $3.6 million and $3.3 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Interest income on impaired loans was $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009. The Company has an unpaid principal balance on impaired mortgage loans of $35.6 million at December 31, 2010. The Company did not acquire any impaired mortgage loans during the year ended December 31, 2010. The Company has $10.4 million of mortgage loans that are on a nonaccrual status at December 31, 2010.
Policy Loans
Policy loans comprised approximately 5.3% and 5.8% of the Company’s cash and invested assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, substantially all of which are associated with one client. These policy loans present no credit risk because the amount of the loan cannot exceed the obligation due to the ceding company upon the death of the insured or surrender of the underlying policy. The provisions of the treaties in force and the underlying policies determine the policy loan interest rates. Because policy loans represent premature distributions of policy liabilities, they have the effect of reducing future disintermediation risk. In addition, the Company earns a spread between the interest rate earned on policy loans and the interest rate credited to corresponding liabilities.
Funds Withheld at Interest
Funds withheld at interest comprised approximately 23.4% and 24.8% of the Company’s cash and invested assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Of the $5.4 billion funds withheld at interest balance as of December 31, 2010, $3.8 billion of the balance is associated with one client. For reinsurance agreements written on a modified coinsurance basis and certain agreements written on a coinsurance funds withheld basis, assets equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld and legally owned and managed by the ceding company and are reflected as funds withheld at interest on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. In the event of a ceding company’s insolvency, the Company would need to assert a claim on the assets supporting its reserve liabilities. However, the risk of loss to the Company is mitigated by its ability to offset amounts it owes the ceding company for claims or allowances with amounts owed to the Company from the ceding company. Interest accrues to these assets at rates defined by the treaty terms and the Company estimates the yield was approximately 7.20%, 7.69% and 3.54% for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Changes in these estimated yields are affected by equity options held in the funds withheld portfolio associated with equity-indexed annuity treaties. The Company is subject to the investment performance on the withheld assets, although it does not directly control them. These assets are primarily fixed maturity investment securities and pose risks similar to the fixed maturity securities the Company owns. To mitigate this risk, the Company helps set the investment guidelines followed by the ceding company and monitors compliance.
Other Invested Assets
Other invested assets include equity securities, non-redeemable preferred stocks, limited partnership interests, structured loans and derivative contracts. Other invested assets represented approximately 3.1% and 2.6% of the Company’s cash and invested assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Carrying values of these assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
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 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	$	99,550	 	 	$	113,198	 	
Equity securities	 	 	40,661	 	 	 	58,359	 	
Limited partnerships	 	 	214,105	 	 	 	156,573	 	
Structured loans	 	 	229,583	 	 	 	150,677	 	
Derivatives	 	 	34,929	 	 	 	24,156	 	
Other	 	 	88,575	 	 	 	13,123	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other invested assets	 	$	707,403	 	 	$	516,086	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Note 5 DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The following table presents the notional amounts and fair value of derivative instruments as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2010	 	 	December 31, 2009	 	
 	 	Notional	 	 	Carrying Value/Fair Value	 	 	Notional	 	 	Carrying Value/Fair Value	 	
 	 	Amount	 	 	Assets	 	 	Liabilities	 	 	Amount	 	 	Assets	 	 	Liabilities	 	
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps(1)	 	$	2,302,853	 	 	$	20,042	 	 	$	17,132	 	 	$	1,388,570	 	 	$	17,962	 	 	$	47,061	 	
Financial futures(1)	 	 	210,295	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	200,436	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Foreign currency forwards (1)	 	 	39,700	 	 	 	5,924	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	40,500	 	 	 	2,200	 	 	 	—	 	
Consumer Price index (“CPI”) swaps (1)	 	 	120,340	 	 	 	1,491	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	124,034	 	 	 	1,631	 	 	 	—	 	
Credit default swaps(1)	 	 	392,500	 	 	 	2,429	 	 	 	131	 	 	 	367,500	 	 	 	2,363	 	 	 	249	 	
Equity options(1)	 	 	33,041	 	 	 	5,043	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Embedded derivatives in:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Modified coinsurance or funds	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
withheld arrangements (2)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	274,220	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	434,494	 	
Indexed annuity products (3)	 	 	—	 	 	 	75,431	 	 	 	668,951	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	68,873	 	 	 	584,906	 	
Variable annuity products (3)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	52,534	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	23,748	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total non-hedging derivatives	 	 	3,098,729	 	 	 	110,360	 	 	 	1,012,968	 	 	 	2,121,040	 	 	 	93,029	 	 	 	1,090,458	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps(1)	 	 	21,783	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,718	 	 	 	21,783	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	677	 	
Foreign currency swaps (1)	 	 	615,323	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	45,749	 	 	 	226,715	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	9,008	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total hedging derivatives	 	 	637,106	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	47,467	 	 	 	248,498	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	9,685	 	

Total derivatives	 	$	3,735,835	 	 	$	110,360	 	 	$	1,060,435	 	 	$	2,369,538	 	 	$	93,029	 	 	$	1,100,143	 	

 	 	 	
(1)	 	Carried on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets in other invested assets or other liabilities, at fair value.	
 	 	 	
(2)	 	Embedded liability is included on the consolidated balance sheets with the host contract in funds withheld at interest, at fair value.	
 	 	 	
(3)	 	Embedded liability is included on the consolidated balance sheets with the host contract in interest-sensitive contract liabilities, at fair value. Embedded asset is included on the consolidated balance sheets in reinsurance ceded receivables.	
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for speculative purposes. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company held interest rate swaps that were designated and qualified as fair value hedges of interest rate risk. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company held foreign currency swaps that were designated and qualified as fair value hedges of a portion of its net investment in its foreign operations. Gains of $50.0 million related to foreign currency swaps terminated in 2009 continue to be reflected in AOCI. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company also had derivative instruments that were not designated as hedging instruments. See Note 2 — “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for a detailed discussion of the accounting treatment for derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives. Derivative instruments are carried at fair value and generally require an insignificant amount of cash at inception of the contracts.
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Fair Value Hedges
The Company designates and accounts for certain interest rate swaps that convert fixed rate investments to floating rate investments as fair value hedges when they meet the requirements of the general accounting principles for  Derivatives and Hedging . The gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged benchmark interest rate and the offsetting gain or loss on the related interest rate swaps for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 were (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Type of Fair Value	 	Derivative Gain	 	 	Hedge Gain (Loss)	 	 	 	 	 	 	Hedged Item Gain	 	 	Hedged Item Gain	 	
Hedge	 	(Loss) Location	 	 	Recognized	 	 	Hedged Item	 	 	(Loss) Location	 	 	(Loss) Recognized	 	
For the year ended December 31, 2010:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	 	Investment related gains (losses), net	 	$	(1,041	)	 	Fixed rate fixed
maturity securities	 	Investment related
gains (losses), net	 	$	1,599	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
For the year ended December 31, 2009:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	 	Investment related gains (losses), net	 	$	1,566	 	 	Fixed rate fixed maturity securities	 	Investment related gains (losses), net	 	$	(1,350	)	
The ineffective portion of all fair value hedges, was $0.6 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. There were no instances in which the Company discontinued fair value hedge accounting due to a hedged firm commitment no longer qualifying as a fair value hedge.
Hedges of Net Investments in Foreign Operations
The Company uses foreign currency swaps to hedge a portion of its net investment in certain foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. The following table illustrates the Company’s net investments in foreign operations (“NIFO”) hedges for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Location of Gain	 	 	Gain (Loss)	 	 	Income Statement	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Derivative Gain	 	 	(Loss) Reclassified	 	 	Reclassified from	 	 	Location of Gain	 	 	Ineffective Gain	 	
Type of NIFO Hedge	 	(Loss) in OCI	 	 	From AOCI	 	 	AOCI into income	 	 	(Loss)	 	 	(Loss) in Income	 	
For the year ended December 31, 2010:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign currency swaps	 	$	(41,302	)	 	None	 	$	—	 	 	Investment income	 	$	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
For the year ended December 31, 2009:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign currency swaps	 	$	(8,102	)	 	None	 	$	—	 	 	Investment income	 	$	—	 	
Ineffectiveness on the foreign currency swaps is based upon the change in forward rates. There was no ineffectiveness recorded in the periods presented herein.
The Company’s other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, includes losses of $41.3 million and $8.1 million, respectively, related to foreign currency swaps used to hedge a portion of its net investment in its foreign operations. The cumulative foreign currency translation gain (loss) recorded in AOCI related to these hedges was $(0.8) million and $40.5 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. If a foreign operation was sold or substantially liquidated, the amounts in AOCI would be reclassified to the consolidated statements of income. A pro rata portion would be reclassified upon partial sale of a foreign operation.
Non-qualifying Derivatives and Derivatives for Purposes Other Than Hedging
The Company uses various other derivative instruments for risk management purposes that either do not qualify or have not been qualified for hedge accounting treatment, including derivatives used to economically hedge changes in the fair value of liabilities associated with the reinsurance of variable annuities with guaranteed living benefits. The gain or loss related to the change in fair value for these derivative instruments is recognized in investment related gains (losses), in the consolidated statements of income, except where otherwise noted. For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company
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recognized investment related gains (losses) of $29.9 million and $(217.5) million, respectively, related to derivatives (not including embedded derivatives) that do not qualify or have not been qualified for hedge accounting.
Interest Rate Swaps
Interest rate swaps are used by the Company primarily to reduce market risks from changes in interest rates and to alter interest rate exposure arising from mismatches between assets and liabilities (duration mismatches). With an interest rate swap, the Company agrees with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed-rate and floating-rate interest amounts tied to an agreed-upon notional principal amount. These transactions are executed pursuant to master agreements that provide for a single net payment or individual gross payments at each due date.
Financial Futures
Exchange-traded equity futures are used primarily to economically hedge liabilities embedded in certain variable annuity products. With exchange-traded equity futures transactions, the Company agrees to purchase or sell a specified number of contracts, the value of which is determined by the relevant stock indices, and to post variation margin on a daily basis in an amount equal to the difference between the daily estimated fair values of those contracts. The Company enters into exchange-traded equity futures with regulated futures commission merchants that are members of the exchange.
Foreign Currency Swaps
Foreign currency swaps are used by the Company to reduce the risk from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates associated with its assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. With a foreign currency swap transaction, the Company agrees with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between one currency and another at a forward exchange rate calculated by reference to an agreed upon principal amount. The principal amount of each currency is exchanged at the inception and termination of the currency swap by each party. The Company may also use foreign currency swaps to economically hedge the foreign currency risk associated with certain of its net investments in foreign operations.
Foreign Currency Forwards
Foreign currency forwards are used by the Company to reduce the risk from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates associated with its assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. With a foreign currency forward transaction, the Company agrees with another party to deliver a specified amount of an identified currency at a specified future date. The price is agreed upon at the time of the contract and payment for such a contract is made in a different currency at the specified future date.
CPI Swaps
CPI swaps are used by the Company primarily to economically hedge liabilities embedded in certain insurance products where value is directly affected by changes in a designated benchmark consumer price index. With a CPI swap transaction, the Company agrees with another party to exchange the actual amount of inflation realized over a specified period of time for a fixed amount of inflation determined at inception. These transactions are executed pursuant to master agreements that provide for a single net payment or individual gross payments to be made by the counterparty at each due date. Most of these swaps will require a single payment to be made by one counterparty at the maturity date of the swap.
Credit Default Swaps
The Company invests in credit default swaps to diversify its credit risk exposure in certain portfolios. These credit default swaps are over-the-counter instruments in which the Company receives payments at specified intervals to insure credit risk on a portfolio of 125 U.S. investment-grade securities. Generally, if a credit event, as defined by the contract, occurs, the contract will require the swap to be settled gross by the delivery of par quantities or value of the referenced investment securities equal to the specified swap notional amount in exchange for the payment of cash amounts by the Company equal to the par value of the investment security surrendered.
The Company also purchases credit default swaps to reduce its risk against a drop in bond prices due to credit concerns of certain bond issuers. If a credit event, as defined by the contract, occurs, the Company is able to put the bond back to the counterparty at par.
Equity Options
Equity index options are used by the Company primarily to hedge minimum guarantees embedded in certain variable annuity products. To hedge against adverse changes in equity indices volatility, the Company enters into contracts to sell the equity index options within a limited time at a contracted price. The contracts are net settled in cash based on differentials in the indices at the time of exercise and the strike price.
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Embedded Derivatives
The Company has certain embedded derivatives which are required to be separated from their host contracts and reported as derivatives. Host contracts include reinsurance treaties structured on a modified coinsurance or funds withheld basis. Additionally, the Company reinsures equity-indexed annuity and variable annuity contracts with benefits that are considered embedded derivatives, including guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits, guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits, and guaranteed minimum income benefits. The related gains (losses) for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 are reflected in the following table (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Embedded derivatives in modified coinsurance or funds withheld arrangements and variable annuity contracts included in investment related gains (losses)	 	$	131,488	 	 	$	331,091	 	 	$	(695,280	)	
After the associated amortization of DAC and taxes, the related amounts included in net income	 	 	23,786	 	 	 	(15,659	)	 	 	(124,449	)	
Amounts related to embedded derivatives in equity-indexed annuities included in benefits and expenses	 	 	(44,988	)	 	 	(71,222	)	 	 	80	 	
After the associated amortization of DAC and taxes, the related amounts included in net income	 	 	(26,265	)	 	 	(51,806	)	 	 	24,709	 	
Non-hedging Derivatives
A summary of the effect of non-hedging derivatives, including embedded derivatives, on the Company’s income statement for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Gain (Loss) for the Years Ended	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	December 31,	 	
Type of Non-hedging Derivative	 	Income Statement Location of Gain (Loss)	 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Interest rate swaps	 	Investment related gains (losses), net	 	$	68,736	 	 	$	(160,716	)	
Financial futures	 	Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(44,959	)	 	 	(72,641	)	
Foreign currency forwards	 	Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	3,387	 	 	 	2	 	
CPI swaps	 	Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	962	 	 	 	2,234	 	
Credit default swaps	 	Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	4,786	 	 	 	13,654	 	
Equity options	 	Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(3,006	)	 	 	—	 	
Embedded derivatives in:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Modified coinsurance or funds withheld arrangements	 	Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	160,274	 	 	 	78,394	 	
Indexed annuity products	 	Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	6,457	 	 	 	7,137	 	
Indexed annuity products	 	Interest credited	 	 	(51,445	)	 	 	(78,359	)	
Variable annuity products	 	Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(28,786	)	 	 	252,697	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total non-hedging derivatives	 	 	 	 	 	$	116,406	 	 	$	42,402	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Credit Risk
Generally, the credit exposure of the Company’s derivative contracts is limited to the fair value at the reporting date plus or minus any collateral posted or held by the Company. At December 31, 2010, excluding futures, the Company had credit exposure related to its derivative contracts of $6.3 million. At December 31, 2009, the Company had no credit exposure related to its derivative contracts.
The Company manages its credit risk related to over-the-counter derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through the use of master agreements that provide for a single net payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due date and upon termination. As exchange-traded futures are affected through regulated exchanges, and positions are marked to market on a daily basis, the Company has minimal exposure to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to such derivative instruments.
The Company enters into various collateral arrangements, which require both the posting and accepting of collateral in connection with its derivative instruments. Collateral agreements contain attachment thresholds that vary depending on the
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posting party’s ratings. Additionally, a decrease in the Company’s rating to a specified level results in potential settlement of the derivative positions under the Company’s agreements with its counterparties. As of December 31, 2010, the Company held cash collateral under its control of $10.3 million. This unrestricted cash collateral is included in cash and cash equivalents and the obligation to return it is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. No cash collateral was held as of December 31, 2009. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had no cash collateral pledged to counterparties. As of December 31, 2009, the Company had pledged collateral to counterparties on swaps of $16.0 million. The receivable related to cash collateral is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. From time to time, the Company has both accepted and posted collateral consisting of various securities. As of December 31, 2010, the Company posted U.S. Treasury securities as collateral to counterparties with a book value and market value of $46.9 million and $48.2 million, respectively, which is included in other invested assets in the consolidated balance sheets. There were no securities posted as collateral to counterparties at December 31, 2009. As of December 31, 2010, the Company held fixed maturity securities posted as collateral from counterparties of $1.8 million. There were no securities held as collateral from counterparties as of December 31, 2009. In addition, the Company has exchange-traded futures, which require the maintenance of a margin account, which is included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s margin account totaled $16.3 million and $17.1 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
NOTE 6 FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair values of financial instruments have been determined by using available market information and the valuation techniques described below. Considerable judgment is often required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein may not necessarily be indicative of amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange. The use of different assumptions or valuation techniques may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands).
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2010	 	 	December 31, 2009	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated Fair	 	 	 	 	 	 	Estimated Fair	 	
 	 	Carrying Value	 	 	Value	 	 	Carrying Value	 	 	Value	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fixed maturity securities	 	$	14,304,597	 	 	$	14,304,597	 	 	$	11,763,358	 	 	$	11,763,358	 	
Mortgage loans on real estate	 	 	885,811	 	 	 	933,513	 	 	 	791,668	 	 	 	792,331	 	
Policy loans	 	 	1,228,418	 	 	 	1,228,418	 	 	 	1,136,564	 	 	 	1,136,564	 	
Funds withheld at interest	 	 	5,421,952	 	 	 	5,838,064	 	 	 	4,895,356	 	 	 	5,201,569	 	
Short-term investments	 	 	118,387	 	 	 	118,387	 	 	 	121,060	 	 	 	121,060	 	
Other invested assets	 	 	683,307	 	 	 	681,242	 	 	 	516,086	 	 	 	509,618	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	 	463,661	 	 	 	463,661	 	 	 	512,027	 	 	 	512,027	 	
Accrued investment income	 	 	127,874	 	 	 	127,874	 	 	 	107,447	 	 	 	107,447	 	
Reinsurance ceded receivables	 	 	95,557	 	 	 	91,893	 	 	 	106,396	 	 	 	173,309	 	
Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities	 	$	5,856,945	 	 	$	5,866,088	 	 	$	5,929,134	 	 	$	6,196,420	 	
Long-term and short-term debt	 	 	1,216,410	 	 	 	1,226,517	 	 	 	1,216,052	 	 	 	1,180,712	 	
Collateral finance facility	 	 	850,039	 	 	 	514,250	 	 	 	850,037	 	 	 	510,000	 	
Company-obligated mandatorily	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
redeemable preferred securities	 	 	159,421	 	 	 	221,341	 	 	 	159,217	 	 	 	205,655	 	
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Publicly traded fixed maturity securities are valued based upon quoted market prices or estimates from independent pricing services, independent broker quotes and pricing matrices. Private placement fixed maturity securities are valued based on the credit quality and duration of marketable securities deemed comparable by the Company’s investment advisor, which may be of another issuer. The Company utilizes information from third parties, such as pricing services and brokers, to assist in determining fair values for certain assets and liabilities; however, management is ultimately responsible for all fair values presented in the Company’s financial statements. The fair value of mortgage loans on real estate is estimated using discounted cash flows. Policy loans typically carry an interest rate that is adjusted annually based on a market index and therefore carrying value approximates fair value. The carrying value of funds withheld at interest approximates fair value except where the funds withheld are specifically identified in the agreement. When funds withheld are specifically identified in the agreement, the fair value is based on the fair value of the underlying assets which are held by the ceding company. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments approximates fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Common and preferred equity investments and derivative financial instruments included in other invested assets are reflected at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets based primarily on quoted market prices. Limited partnership interests included in other invested assets consist of those investments accounted for using the cost method. The remaining carrying value recognized in the consolidated balance sheets represents investments in limited partnership interests accounted for using the equity method, which do not meet the definition of financial instruments for which fair value is required to be disclosed. The fair value of limited partnerships is based on net asset values. The carrying value for accrued investment income approximates fair value.
The carrying and fair values of interest-sensitive contract liabilities reflected in the table above exclude contracts with significant mortality risk. The fair value of the Company’s interest-sensitive contract liabilities and related reinsurance ceded receivables is based on the cash surrender value of the liabilities, adjusted for recapture fees. The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is estimated based on either quoted market prices or quoted market prices for the debt of corporations with similar credit quality. The fair values of the Company’s collateral finance facility and company-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred securities are estimated using discounted cash flows.
General accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures define fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. In accordance with these principles, valuation techniques utilized by management for invested assets and embedded derivatives reported at fair value are generally categorized into three types:
Market Approach. Market approach valuation techniques use prices and other relevant information from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. Valuation techniques consistent with the market approach include comparables and matrix pricing. Comparables use market multiples, which might lie in ranges with a different multiple for each comparable. The selection of where within the range the appropriate multiple falls requires judgment, considering both quantitative and qualitative factors specific to the measurement. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique used principally to value certain securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but comparing the securities to benchmark or comparable securities.
Income Approach. Income approach valuation techniques convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount, or a discounted amount. These techniques rely on current expectations of future amounts. Examples of income approach valuation techniques include present value techniques, option-pricing models and binomial or lattice models that incorporate present value techniques.
Cost Approach. Cost approach valuation techniques are based upon the amount that, at present, would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset, or the current replacement cost. That is, from the perspective of a market participant (seller), the price that would be received for the asset is determined based on the cost to a market participant (buyer) to acquire or construct a substitute asset of comparable utility.
The three approaches described above are consistent with generally accepted valuation techniques. While all three approaches are not applicable to all assets or liabilities reported at fair value, where appropriate and possible, one or more valuation techniques may be used. The selection of the valuation technique(s) to apply considers the definition of an exit price and the nature of the asset or liability being valued and significant expertise and judgment is required. The Company performs regular analysis and review of the various techniques utilized in determining fair value to ensure that the valuation approaches utilized are appropriate and consistently applied, and that the various assumptions are reasonable. The Company also utilizes information from third parties, such as pricing services and brokers, to assist in determining fair values for certain assets and liabilities; however, management is ultimately responsible for all fair values presented in the Company’s financial statements. The Company performs analysis and review of the information and prices received from third parties to ensure that the prices represent a reasonable estimate of the fair value. This process involves quantitative and qualitative
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analysis and is overseen by the Company’s investment and accounting personnel. Examples of procedures performed include, but are not limited to, initial and ongoing review of third party pricing services and techniques, review of pricing trends and monitoring of recent trade information. In addition, the Company utilizes both internal and external cash flow models to analyze the reasonableness of fair values utilizing credit spread and other market assumptions, where appropriate. As a result of the analysis, if the Company determines there is a more appropriate fair value based upon the available market data, the price received from the third party is adjusted accordingly.
For invested assets reported at fair value, the Company utilizes when available, fair values based on quoted prices in active markets that are regularly and readily obtainable. Generally, these are very liquid investments and the valuation does not require management judgment. When quoted prices in active markets are not available, fair value is based on the market valuation techniques described above, primarily a combination of the market approach, including matrix pricing and the income approach. The assumptions and inputs used by management in applying these techniques include, but are not limited to: interest rates, credit standing of the issuer or counterparty, industry sector of the issuer, coupon rate, call provisions, sinking fund requirements, maturity, estimated duration and assumptions regarding liquidity and future cash flows.
The significant inputs to the market standard valuation techniques for certain types of securities with reasonable levels of price transparency are inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Such observable inputs include benchmarking prices for similar assets in active, liquid markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active and observable yields and spreads in the market.
When observable inputs are not available, the market standard valuation techniques for determining the estimated fair value of certain types of securities that trade infrequently, and therefore have little or no price transparency, rely on inputs that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. These unobservable inputs can be based in large part on management judgment or estimation, and cannot be supported by reference to market activity. Even though unobservable, these inputs are based on assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances and are believed to be consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing such securities.
The use of different techniques, assumptions and inputs may have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the Company’s securities holdings.
Observable inputs for fixed maturity securities — available-for-sale, short-term investments and other invested assets include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data. Unobservable inputs for fixed maturity securities — available-for-sale, short-term investments and other invested assets include issue specific credit adjustments, material non-public financial information, management judgment, estimation of future earnings and cash flows, default rate assumptions, and liquidity assumptions. For certain security types, additional inputs may be used, or some of the inputs described above may not be applicable.
For embedded derivative liabilities associated with the underlying products in reinsurance treaties, primarily equity-indexed and variable annuity treaties, the Company utilizes a market standard technique, which includes an estimate of future equity option purchases and an adjustment for the Company’s own credit risk that takes into consideration the Company’s financial strength rating, also commonly referred to as a claims paying rating. The capital market inputs to the model, such as equity indexes, equity volatility, interest rates and the Company’s credit adjustment, are generally observable. However, the valuation models also use inputs requiring certain actuarial assumptions such as future interest margins, policyholder behavior, including future equity participation rates, and explicit risk margins related to non-capital market inputs, that are generally not observable and may require use of significant management judgment. Changes in interest rates, equity indices, equity volatility, the Company’s own credit risk, and actuarial assumptions regarding policyholder behavior may result in significant fluctuations in the value of embedded derivatives liabilities associated with equity-indexed annuity reinsurance treaties.
The fair value of embedded derivatives associated with funds withheld reinsurance treaties is determined based upon a total return swap technique with reference to the fair value of the investments held by the ceding company that support the Company’s funds withheld at interest asset. The fair value of the underlying assets is generally based on market observable inputs using market standard valuation techniques. However, the valuation also requires certain significant inputs based on actuarial assumptions about policyholder behavior, which are generally not observable.
For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, the application of market standard valuation techniques applied to similar assets and liabilities has been consistent.
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General accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures also establish a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1	 	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The Company’s Level 1 assets and liabilities include investment securities and derivative contracts that are traded in exchange markets.	
 	 	 	
Level 2	 	Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or market standard valuation techniques and assumptions with significant inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Such observable inputs include benchmarking prices for similar assets in active, liquid markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active and observable yields and spreads in the market. The Company’s Level 2 assets and liabilities include investment securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments and derivative contracts whose values are determined using market standard valuation techniques. This category primarily includes corporate securities, Canadian and Canadian provincial government securities, and residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, among others. Level 2 valuations are generally obtained from third party pricing services for identical or comparable assets or liabilities or through the use of valuation methodologies using observable market inputs. Prices from services are validated through analytical reviews and assessment of current market activity.	
 	 	 	
Level 3	 	Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the related assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using market standard valuation techniques described above. When observable inputs are not available, the market standard techniques for determining the estimated fair value of certain securities that trade infrequently, and therefore have little transparency, rely on inputs that are significant to the estimated fair value and that are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. These unobservable inputs can be based in large part on management judgment or estimation and cannot be supported by reference to market activity. Even though unobservable, management believes these inputs are based on assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances and consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing similar assets and liabilities. For the Company’s invested assets, this category generally includes corporate securities (primarily private placements), asset-backed securities (including those with exposure to subprime mortgages), and to a lesser extent, certain residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, among others. Prices are determined using valuation methodologies such as discounted cash flow models and other similar techniques. Non-binding broker quotes, which are utilized when pricing service information is not available, are reviewed for reasonableness based on the Company’s understanding of the market, and are generally considered Level 3. Under certain circumstances, based on its observations of transactions in active markets, the Company may conclude the prices received from independent third party pricing services or brokers are not reasonable or reflective of market activity. In those instances, the Company would apply internally developed valuation techniques to the related assets or liabilities. Additionally, the Company’s embedded derivatives, all of which are associated with reinsurance treaties, are classified in Level 3 since their values include significant unobservable inputs associated with actuarial assumptions regarding policyholder behavior. Embedded derivatives are reported with the host instruments on the consolidated balance sheet.	
When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest priority level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. For example, a Level 3 fair value measurement may include inputs that are observable (Levels 1 and 2) and unobservable (Level 3). Therefore, gains and losses for such assets and liabilities categorized within Level 3 may include changes in fair value that are attributable to both observable inputs (Levels 1 and 2) and unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 are summarized below (dollars in thousands).
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December 31, 2010:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements Using:	 	
 	 	Total	 	 	Level 1	 	 	Level 2	 	 	Level 3	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fixed maturity securities — available-for-sale:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	$	7,155,505	 	 	$	16,182	 	 	$	6,266,987	 	 	$	872,336	 	
Canadian and Canadian provincial governments	 	 	3,023,483	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	3,023,483	 	 	 	—	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,473,077	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,289,786	 	 	 	183,291	 	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	391,209	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	162,651	 	 	 	228,558	 	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,337,853	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,190,297	 	 	 	147,556	 	
U.S. government and agencies securities	 	 	206,216	 	 	 	166,861	 	 	 	39,355	 	 	 	—	 	
State and political subdivision securities	 	 	164,460	 	 	 	6,865	 	 	 	150,612	 	 	 	6,983	 	
Other foreign government securities	 	 	552,794	 	 	 	4,037	 	 	 	542,178	 	 	 	6,579	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed maturity securities — available-for-sale	 	 	14,304,597	 	 	 	193,945	 	 	 	12,665,349	 	 	 	1,445,303	 	
Funds withheld at interest — embedded derivatives	 	 	(274,220	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(274,220	)	
Short-term investments	 	 	4,041	 	 	 	1,988	 	 	 	2,053	 	 	 	—	 	
Other invested assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	 	99,550	 	 	 	72,393	 	 	 	26,737	 	 	 	420	 	
Other equity securities	 	 	40,661	 	 	 	5,126	 	 	 	19,119	 	 	 	16,416	 	
Derivatives:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	 	 	20,042	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	20,042	 	 	 	—	 	
Foreign currency forwards	 	 	5,924	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	5,924	 	 	 	—	 	
CPI swaps	 	 	1,491	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,491	 	 	 	—	 	
Credit default swaps	 	 	2,429	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,429	 	 	 	—	 	
Equity options	 	 	5,043	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	5,043	 	 	 	—	 	
Collateral	 	 	48,223	 	 	 	48,223	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other invested assets	 	 	223,363	 	 	 	125,742	 	 	 	80,785	 	 	 	16,836	 	
Reinsurance ceded receivable — embedded derivatives	 	 	75,431	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	75,431	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	14,333,212	 	 	$	321,675	 	 	$	12,748,187	 	 	$	1,263,350	 	

Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest sensitive contract liabilities — embedded derivatives	 	$	(721,485	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(721,485	)	
Other liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Derivatives:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	 	 	18,850	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	18,850	 	 	 	—	 	
Credit default swaps	 	 	131	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	131	 	 	 	—	 	
Foreign currency swaps	 	 	45,749	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	45,749	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	(656,755	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	64,730	 	 	$	(721,485	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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December 31, 2009:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements Using:	 	
 	 	Total	 	 	Level 1	 	 	Level 2	 	 	Level 3	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fixed maturity securities — available-for-sale:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate securities	 	$	5,394,796	 	 	$	5,447	 	 	$	4,352,458	 	 	$	1,036,891	 	
Canadian and Canadian provincial governments	 	 	2,353,227	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,353,227	 	 	 	—	 	
Residential mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,456,544	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,312,087	 	 	 	144,457	 	
Asset-backed securities	 	 	451,936	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	189,169	 	 	 	262,767	 	
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	 	 	1,028,864	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	699,304	 	 	 	329,560	 	
U.S. government and agencies securities	 	 	526,059	 	 	 	517,929	 	 	 	8,130	 	 	 	—	 	
State and political subdivision securities	 	 	89,762	 	 	 	6,251	 	 	 	71,431	 	 	 	12,080	 	
Other foreign government securities	 	 	462,170	 	 	 	1,079	 	 	 	443,788	 	 	 	17,303	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed maturity securities — available-for-sale	 	 	11,763,358	 	 	 	530,706	 	 	 	9,429,594	 	 	 	1,803,058	 	
Funds withheld at interest — embedded derivatives	 	 	(434,494	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(434,494	)	
Short-term investments	 	 	12,937	 	 	 	2,714	 	 	 	9,780	 	 	 	443	 	
Other invested assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	 	113,198	 	 	 	85,016	 	 	 	21,407	 	 	 	6,775	 	
Other equity securities	 	 	58,359	 	 	 	17,523	 	 	 	30,400	 	 	 	10,436	 	
Derivatives:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	 	 	17,962	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	17,962	 	 	 	—	 	
Foreign currency forwards	 	 	2,200	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,200	 	 	 	—	 	
CPI swaps	 	 	1,631	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,631	 	 	 	—	 	
Credit default swaps	 	 	2,363	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,363	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other invested assets	 	 	195,713	 	 	 	102,539	 	 	 	75,963	 	 	 	17,211	 	
Reinsurance ceded receivable — embedded derivatives	 	 	68,873	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	68,873	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	11,606,387	 	 	$	635,959	 	 	$	9,515,337	 	 	$	1,455,091	 	

Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest sensitive contract liabilities — embedded derivatives	 	$	(608,654	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(608,654	)	
Other liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Derivatives:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	 	 	(47,738	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(47,738	)	 	 	—	 	
Credit default swaps	 	 	(249	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(249	)	 	 	—	 	
Foreign currency swaps	 	 	(9,008	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(9,008	)	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	(665,649	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	(56,995	)	 	$	(608,654	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, the Company classified approximately 10.1% and 15.3% of its fixed maturity securities in the Level 3 category. These securities primarily consist of private placement corporate securities with an inactive trading market. Additionally, the Company has included asset-backed securities with sub-prime exposure and mortgage-backed securities with below investment grade ratings in the Level 3 category due to the current market uncertainty associated with these securities and the Company’s utilization of information from third parties for the valuation of these securities.
The tables below provide a summary of the changes in fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2010, as well as the portion of gains or losses included in income for the year ended December 31, 2010 attributable to unrealized gains or losses related to those assets and liabilities still held at December 31, 2010 (dollars in thousands).
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For the year ended December 31, 2010:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Fixed maturity securities - available-for-sale	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Residential	 	 	 	 	 	 	Commercial	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	mortgage-	 	 	 	 	 	 	mortgage-	 	
 	 	Corporate	 	 	backed	 	 	Asset-backed	 	 	backed	 	
 	 	securities	 	 	securities	 	 	securities	 	 	securities	 	
Balance January 1, 2010	 	$	1,036,891	 	 	$	144,457	 	 	$	262,767	 	 	$	329,559	 	
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Included in earnings, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	655	 	 	 	1,763	 	 	 	2,843	 	 	 	3,467	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	840	 	 	 	(7,479	)	 	 	(7,494	)	 	 	(6,369	)	
Claims & other policy benefits	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Included in other comprehensive income	 	 	34,319	 	 	 	26,808	 	 	 	31,340	 	 	 	22,907	 	
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements(1)	 	 	71,853	 	 	 	(43,236	)	 	 	(45,677	)	 	 	37,476	 	
Transfers into Level 3(2)	 	 	126,133	 	 	 	102,939	 	 	 	78,880	 	 	 	73,653	 	
Transfers out of Level 3(2)	 	 	(398,355	)	 	 	(41,961	)	 	 	(94,101	)	 	 	(313,137	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance December 31, 2010	 	$	872,336	 	 	$	183,291	 	 	$	228,558	 	 	$	147,556	 	

Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Included in earnings, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	$	548	 	 	$	1,592	 	 	$	2,731	 	 	$	3,449	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(594	)	 	 	(4,637	)	 	 	(4,052	)	 	 	(6,563	)	
Claims & other policy benefits	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
For the year ended December 31, 2010 (continued):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Fixed maturity securities -	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	available-for-sale	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	State	 	 	 	 	 	 	Funds withheld	 	 	 	 	
 	 	and political	 	 	Other foreign	 	 	at interest-	 	 	 	 	
 	 	subdivision	 	 	government	 	 	embedded	 	 	Short-term	 	
 	 	securities	 	 	securities	 	 	derivative	 	 	investments	 	
Balance January 1, 2010	 	$	12,080	 	 	$	17,303	 	 	$	(434,494	)	 	$	443	 	
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Included in earnings, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	118	 	 	 	4	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(14	)	 	 	(11	)	 	 	160,274	 	 	 	—	 	
Claims & other policy benefits	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Included in other comprehensive income	 	 	961	 	 	 	304	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements(1)	 	 	34,841	 	 	 	1,258	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	381	 	
Transfers into Level 3(2)	 	 	1,820	 	 	 	2,178	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Transfers out of Level 3(2)	 	 	(42,823	)	 	 	(14,457	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(824	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance December 31, 2010	 	$	6,983	 	 	$	6,579	 	 	$	(274,220	)	 	$	—	 	

Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Included in earnings, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	$	118	 	 	$	6	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	160,274	 	 	 	—	 	
Claims & other policy benefits	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
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For the year ended December 31, 2010 (continued):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Other invested	 	 	 	 	 	 	Reinsurance	 	 	Interest sensitive	 	
 	 	assets- non-	 	 	Other invested	 	 	ceded receivable-	 	 	contract liabilities	 	
 	 	redeemable	 	 	assets- other	 	 	embedded	 	 	embedded	 	
 	 	preferred stock	 	 	equity securities	 	 	derivative	 	 	derivative	 	
Balance January 1, 2010	 	$	6,775	 	 	$	10,436	 	 	$	68,873	 	 	$	(608,654	)	
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Included in earnings, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	550	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(28,786	)	
Claims & other policy benefits	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(872	)	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(52,569	)	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	7,621	 	 	 	—	 	
Included in other comprehensive income	 	 	160	 	 	 	4,848	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements  (1)	 	 	(5,146	)	 	 	1,132	 	 	 	(1,063	)	 	 	(30,604	)	
Transfers into Level 3 (2)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Transfers out of Level 3 (2)	 	 	(1,919	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance December 31, 2010	 	$	420	 	 	$	16,416	 	 	$	75,431	 	 	$	(721,485	)	

Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Included in earnings, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	$	(1	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(32	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(28,786	)	
Claims & other policy benefits	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,824	)	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(101,970	)	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	7,621	 	 	 	—	 	

(1)	 	The amount reported within purchases, sales, issuances and settlements is the purchase/issuance price (for purchases and issuances) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and settlements) based upon the actual date purchased/issued or sold/settled. Items purchased/issued and sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward.	
 	 	 	
(2)	 	The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy at the beginning of the quarter in which the actual event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer occurs. Transfers into Level 3 are due to a lack of observable market data for these securities or, in accordance with company policy, when the ratings of certain asset classes fall below investment grade. Transfers out of Level 3 are due to an increase in observable market data or when the underlying inputs are evaluated and determined to be market observable. Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 were not significant.	
The tables below provide a summary of the changes in fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2009, as well as the portion of gains or losses included in income for the year ended December 31, 2009 attributable to unrealized gains or losses related to those assets and liabilities still held at December 31, 2009 (dollars in thousands).
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For the year ended December 31, 2009:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Fixed maturity securities - available-for-sale	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Canadian and	 	 	Residential	 	 	 	 	 	 	Commercial	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Canadian	 	 	mortgage-	 	 	 	 	 	 	mortgage-	 	
 	 	Corporate	 	 	provincial	 	 	backed	 	 	Asset-backed	 	 	backed	 	
 	 	securities	 	 	governments	 	 	securities	 	 	securities	 	 	securities	 	
Balance January 1, 2009	 	$	992,893	 	 	$	9,965	 	 	$	30,424	 	 	$	231,869	 	 	$	59,041	 	
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Included in earnings, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	1,996	 	 	 	(4	)	 	 	1,498	 	 	 	5,660	 	 	 	2,114	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(36,543	)	 	 	423	 	 	 	(17,815	)	 	 	(30,334	)	 	 	(4,067	)	
Claims & other policy benefits	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Included in other comprehensive income	 	 	173,488	 	 	 	(332	)	 	 	26,996	 	 	 	31,031	 	 	 	57,458	 	
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements  (1)	 	 	201,525	 	 	 	(5,632	)	 	 	24,611	 	 	 	25,901	 	 	 	12,485	 	
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3  (2)	 	 	(296,468	)	 	 	(4,420	)	 	 	78,743	 	 	 	(1,360	)	 	 	202,529	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance December 31, 2009	 	$	1,036,891	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	144,457	 	 	$	262,767	 	 	$	329,560	 	

Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Included in earnings, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	$	1,859	 	 	$	(3	)	 	$	1,473	 	 	$	4,253	 	 	$	2,125	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(32,296	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(18,928	)	 	 	(45,097	)	 	 	(7,765	)	
Claims & other policy benefits	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
For the year ended December 31, 2009 (continued):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Fixed maturity securities -	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	available-for-sale	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	State	 	 	 	 	 	 	Funds withheld	 	 	 	 	 	 	Other invested	 	
 	 	and political	 	 	Other foreign	 	 	at interest-	 	 	 	 	 	 	assets- non-	 	
 	 	subdivision	 	 	government	 	 	embedded	 	 	Short-term	 	 	redeemable	 	
 	 	securities	 	 	securities	 	 	derivative	 	 	investments	 	 	preferred stock	 	
Balance January 1, 2009	 	$	32,487	 	 	$	105,439	 	 	$	(512,888	)	 	$	352	 	 	$	5,393	 	
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Included in earnings, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	43	 	 	 	(738	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	153	 	 	 	(64	)	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(8	)	 	 	2,247	 	 	 	78,394	 	 	 	(624	)	 	 	(11,677	)	
Claims & other policy benefits	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Included in other comprehensive income	 	 	15,406	 	 	 	(4,275	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	708	 	 	 	14,870	 	
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements  (1)	 	 	3,246	 	 	 	38,583	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(146	)	 	 	(4,893	)	
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3  (2)	 	 	(39,094	)	 	 	(123,953	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	3,146	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance December 31, 2009	 	$	12,080	 	 	$	17,303	 	 	$	(434,494	)	 	$	443	 	 	$	6,775	 	

Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Included in earnings, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	$	43	 	 	$	(585	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	244	 	 	$	(64	)	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	78,394	 	 	 	(409	)	 	 	(9,406	)	
Claims & other policy benefits	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
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For the year ended December 31, 2009 (continued):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Reinsurance	 	 	Interest sensitive	 	
 	 	Other invested	 	 	ceded receivable-	 	 	contract liabilities	 	
 	 	assets- other	 	 	embedded	 	 	embedded	 	
 	 	equity securities	 	 	derivative	 	 	derivative	 	
Balance January 1, 2009	 	$	12,056	 	 	$	66,716	 	 	$	(807,431	)	
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Included in earnings, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	 	(49	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(515	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	252,697	 	
Claims & other policy benefits	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(3,905	)	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(81,585	)	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	11,296	 	 	 	—	 	
Included in other comprehensive income	 	 	745	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements (1)	 	 	2,901	 	 	 	(9,139	)	 	 	31,570	 	
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 (2)	 	 	(4,702	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance December 31, 2009	 	$	10,436	 	 	$	68,873	 	 	$	(608,654	)	

Unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Included in earnings, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment income, net of related expenses	 	$	(142	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	(426	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	252,697	 	
Claims & other policy benefits	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(11,037	)	
Interest credited	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(122,311	)	
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	 	 	—	 	 	 	21,021	 	 	 	—	 	

(1)	 	The amount reported within purchases, sales, issuances and settlements is the purchase/issuance price (for purchases and issuances) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and settlements) based upon the actual date purchased/issued or sold/settled. Items purchased/issued and sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward.	
 	 	 	
(2)	 	The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy at the beginning of the quarter in which the actual event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer occurs. Transfers into Level 3 are due to a lack of observable market data for these securities or, in accordance with company policy, when the ratings of certain asset classes fall below investment grade. Transfers out of Level 3 are due to an increase in observable market data or when the underlying inputs are evaluated and determined to be market observable. Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 were not significant.	
Note 7 REINSURANCE
Retrocession reinsurance treaties do not relieve the Company from its obligations to direct writing companies. Failure of retrocessionaires to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. Consequently, allowances would be established for amounts deemed uncollectible. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, no allowances were deemed necessary. The Company regularly evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and retrocessionaires.
The effect of reinsurance on net premiums is as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Direct	 	$	2,669	 	 	$	2,259	 	 	$	2,433	 	
Reinsurance assumed	 	 	7,198,219	 	 	 	6,241,952	 	 	 	5,836,556	 	
Reinsurance ceded	 	 	(541,208	)	 	 	(519,050	)	 	 	(489,688	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net premiums	 	$	6,659,680	 	 	$	5,725,161	 	 	$	5,349,301	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The effect of reinsurance on claims and other policy benefits as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Direct	 	$	4,062	 	 	$	4,098	 	 	$	4,075	 	
Reinsurance assumed	 	 	5,877,153	 	 	 	5,025,383	 	 	 	4,753,401	 	
Reinsurance ceded	 	 	(334,060	)	 	 	(210,055	)	 	 	(295,544	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net claims and other policy benefits	 	$	5,547,155	 	 	$	4,819,426	 	 	$	4,461,932	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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At December 31, 2010 and 2009, there were no reinsurance ceded receivables associated with a single reinsurer with a carrying value in excess of 5% of total assets.
The effect of reinsurance on life insurance in force is shown in the following schedule (dollars in millions):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Life Insurance In Force:	 	Direct	 	 	Assumed	 	 	Ceded	 	 	Net	 	 	Assumed/Net %	 	
December 31, 2010	 	$	74	 	 	$	2,540,317	 	 	$	42,582	 	 	$	2,497,809	 	 	 	101.70	%	
December 31, 2009	 	 	72	 	 	 	2,325,041	 	 	 	46,897	 	 	 	2,278,216	 	 	 	102.06	 	
December 31, 2008	 	 	70	 	 	 	2,108,130	 	 	 	46,267	 	 	 	2,061,933	 	 	 	102.24	 	
At December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, the Company’s U.S. and Asia Pacific segments provided approximately $2.1 billion and $1.8 billion of statutory financial reinsurance, as measured by pre-tax statutory surplus, to other insurance companies under financial reinsurance transactions to assist ceding companies in meeting applicable regulatory requirements. Generally, such financial reinsurance is provided by the Company committing cash or assuming insurance liabilities, which are collateralized by future profits on the reinsured business. The Company earns a fee based on the amount of net outstanding financial reinsurance.
Reinsurance agreements, whether facultative or automatic, may provide for recapture rights on the part of the ceding company. Recapture rights permit the ceding company to reassume all or a portion of the risk formerly ceded to the reinsurer after an agreed-upon period of time, generally 10 years, or in some cases due to changes in the financial condition or ratings of the reinsurer. Recapture of business previously ceded does not affect premiums ceded prior to the recapture of such business, but would reduce premiums in subsequent periods. Additionally, some treaties give the ceding company the right to request the Company to place assets in trust for their benefit to support their reserve credits, in the event of a downgrade of the Company’s ratings to specified levels, generally non-investment grade levels, or if minimum levels of financial condition are not maintained. As of December 31, 2010, these treaties had approximately $1,138.5 million in statutory reserves. Assets placed in trust continue to be owned by the Company, but their use is restricted based on the terms of the trust agreement. Securities with an amortized cost of $1,419.3 million were held in trust to satisfy collateral requirements for reinsurance business for the benefit of certain subsidiaries of the Company at December 31, 2010. In addition, the Company’s collateral finance facility has asset in trust requirements. See Note 16 — “Collateral Finance Facility” for additional information. Securities with an amortized cost of $1,851.1 million, as of December 31, 2010, were held in trust to satisfy collateral requirements under certain third-party reinsurance treaties. Additionally, under certain conditions, RGA may be obligated to move reinsurance from one RGA subsidiary company to another or make payments under the treaty. These conditions include change in control or ratings of the subsidiary, insolvency, nonperformance under a treaty, or loss of reinsurance license of such subsidiary. See Note 16 - “Collateral Finance Facility” for additional information on assets in trust.
Note 8 DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS
The following reflects the amounts of policy acquisition costs deferred and amortized (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
As of December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Deferred policy acquisition costs:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Assumed	 	$	3,788,801	 	 	$	3,759,882	 	
Retroceded	 	 	(62,358	)	 	 	(60,910	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net	 	$	3,726,443	 	 	$	3,698,972	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Balance, beginning of year	 	$	3,698,972	 	 	$	3,610,334	 	 	$	3,161,951	 	
Capitalized	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Assumed	 	 	966,539	 	 	 	870,526	 	 	 	961,847	 	
Retroceded	 	 	(13,838	)	 	 	(9,192	)	 	 	(4,851	)	
Amortized (including interest):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Assumed	 	 	(855,432	)	 	 	(594,895	)	 	 	(871,098	)	
Allocated to change in value of embedded derivatives	 	 	(108,515	)	 	 	(287,164	)	 	 	541,752	 	
Retroceded	 	 	12,390	 	 	 	16,951	 	 	 	22,133	 	
Attributed to unrealized investment gains (losses)	 	 	(15,671	)	 	 	(45,839	)	 	 	47,201	 	
Foreign currency changes	 	 	41,998	 	 	 	138,251	 	 	 	(248,601	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, end of year	 	$	3,726,443	 	 	$	3,698,972	 	 	$	3,610,334	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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Some reinsurance agreements involve reimbursing the ceding company for allowances and commissions in excess of first-year premiums. These amounts represent acquisition costs and are capitalized to the extent deemed recoverable from the future premiums and amortized against future profits of the business. This type of agreement presents a risk to the extent that the business lapses faster than originally anticipated, resulting in future profits being insufficient to recover the Company’s investment.
Note 9 INCOME TAX
Pre-tax income from continuing operations consists of the following (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Pre-tax income from continuing operations — U.S.	 	$	542,894	 	 	$	331,922	 	 	$	66,618	 	
Pre-tax income from continuing operations — foreign	 	 	320,923	 	 	 	260,423	 	 	 	213,774	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total pre-tax income from continuing operations	 	$	863,817	 	 	$	592,345	 	 	$	280,392	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The provision for income tax expense attributable to income from continuing operations consists of the following (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Current income tax expense (benefit)	 	$	(217,970	)	 	$	203,758	 	 	$	18,876	 	
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	 	 	408,762	 	 	 	(92,634	)	 	 	20,281	 	
Foreign current tax expense	 	 	63,233	 	 	 	62,696	 	 	 	26,085	 	
Foreign deferred tax expense	 	 	35,390	 	 	 	11,439	 	 	 	27,335	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision for income taxes	 	$	289,415	 	 	$	185,259	 	 	$	92,577	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision for income tax expense differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax statutory rate of 35% to pre-tax income as a result of the following (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Tax provision at U.S. statutory rate	 	$	302,336	 	 	$	207,321	 	 	$	98,137	 	
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign tax rate differing from U.S. tax rate	 	 	(8,741	)	 	 	(7,636	)	 	 	(7,289	)	
Differences in tax basis in foreign jurisdictions	 	 	(5,210	)	 	 	(4,222	)	 	 	—	 	
Travel and entertainment	 	 	821	 	 	 	281	 	 	 	335	 	
Deferred tax valuation allowance	 	 	(11	)	 	 	(4,450	)	 	 	230	 	
Amounts related to tax audit contingencies	 	 	3,942	 	 	 	(10,774	)	 	 	(241	)	
Change in cash surrender value of insurance policies	 	 	(839	)	 	 	800	 	 	 	1,750	 	
Prior year tax adjustment	 	 	(2,322	)	 	 	4,552	 	 	 	—	 	
Other, net	 	 	(561	)	 	 	(613	)	 	 	(345	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total provision for income taxes	 	$	289,415	 	 	$	185,259	 	 	$	92,577	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total income taxes were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Income taxes from continuing operations	 	$	289,415	 	 	$	185,259	 	 	$	92,577	 	
Tax benefit on discontinued operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(5,933	)	
Income tax from stockholders’ equity:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net unrealized holding gain (loss on debt and equity securities recognized for financial reporting purposes	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	267,445	 	 	 	355,088	 	 	 	(468,719	)	
Exercise of stock options	 	 	2,255	 	 	 	(2,605	)	 	 	(3,785	)	
Foreign currency translation	 	 	(17,566	)	 	 	6,286	 	 	 	5,861	 	
Unrealized pension and post retirement	 	 	911	 	 	 	(754	)	 	 	(3,418	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total income taxes provided	 	$	542,460	 	 	$	543,274	 	 	$	(383,417	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred income tax asset and liabilities at December 31, 2010 and 2009, are presented in the following tables (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Deferred income tax assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Nondeductible accruals	 	$	18,961	 	 	$	43,518	 	
Differences between tax and financial reporting amounts concerning certain reinsurance transactions	 	 	10,467	 	 	 	273,625	 	
Differences in the tax basis of cash and invested assets	 	 	—	 	 	 	31,650	 	
Deferred acquisition costs capitalized for tax	 	 	66,246	 	 	 	58,704	 	
Net operating loss carryforward	 	 	348,450	 	 	 	332,944	 	
Capital loss and foreign tax credit carryforwards	 	 	55,215	 	 	 	47,551	 	
Deferred acquisition costs capitalized for financial reporting	 	 	12,215	 	 	 	10,745	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Subtotal	 	 	511,554	 	 	 	798,737	 	
Valuation allowance	 	 	(3,792	)	 	 	(3,445	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total deferred income tax assets	 	 	507,762	 	 	 	795,292	 	

Deferred income tax liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred acquisition costs capitalized for financial reporting	 	 	1,172,172	 	 	 	1,126,942	 	
Differences between tax and financial reporting amounts concerning certain reinsurance transactions	 	 	271,605	 	 	 	61,419	 	
Differences in the tax basis of cash and invested assets	 	 	274,891	 	 	 	—	 	
Reserve for policies and investment income differences	 	 	124,289	 	 	 	152,070	 	
Differences in foreign currency translation	 	 	61,552	 	 	 	68,083	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total deferred income tax liabilities	 	 	1,904,509	 	 	 	1,408,514	 	

Net deferred income tax liabilities	 	$	1,396,747	 	 	$	613,222	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
As of December 31, 2010, a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets of approximately $3.8 million was provided on net operating and capital losses of RGA South African Holdings, RGA Financial Products Limited, RGA Technology Partners, Inc. Canadian Branch and RGA Technology Partners, Inc. UK Branch. As of December 31, 2009, a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets of approximately $3.4 million was provided on the foreign tax credits, net operating and capital losses of RGA South Africa Holdings, RGA Financial Products Limited, RGA UK Services Limited and RGA Reinsurance. The Company utilizes valuation allowances when it believes, based on the weight of the available evidence, that it is more likely than not that the deferred income taxes will not be realized.
The earnings of substantially all of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries have been indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. Therefore, no provision has been made for any U.S. taxes or foreign withholding taxes that may be applicable upon any repatriation or sale. The determination of any unrecognized deferred tax liability for temporary differences related to investments in the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is not practicable. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the financial reporting basis in excess of the tax basis for which no deferred taxes have been recognized was approximately $630.6 million and $415.4 million, respectively.
During 2010, 2009, and 2008, the Company received federal and foreign income tax refunds of approximately $37.5 million, $0.3 million and $31.0 million, respectively. The Company made cash income tax payments of approximately $48.0 million, $25.9 million and $54.2 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company had recognized gross deferred tax assets associated with net operating losses of approximately $1,075.5 million and $957.0 million, respectively, $904.3 million of which will begin to expire in 2021. The remaining net operating losses have indefinite carryforward periods. However, these net operating losses, other than the net operating losses for which there is a valuation allowance, are expected to be utilized in the normal course of business during the period allowed for carryforwards and in any event, will not be lost, due to the application of tax planning strategies that management would utilize.
The Company files income tax returns with the U.S. federal government and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is under continuous examination by the Internal Revenue Service and is subject to audit by taxing authorities in other foreign jurisdictions in which the Company has significant business operations. The income tax years under examination vary by jurisdiction. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and foreign tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2006.
As of December 31, 2010, the Company’s total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $182.4 million and the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, if recognized, was $21.3 million. It is reasonably
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possible that the Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $9.5 million with regards to the items affecting the effective rate over the next 12 months. The reduction relates to the statute of limitations.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, is as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Total Unrecognized Tax Benefits	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Beginning balance, January 1	 	$	221,040	 	 	$	206,665	 	 	$	198,240	 	
Additions for tax positions of prior years	 	 	17,255	 	 	 	25,148	 	 	 	7,996	 	
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	 	 	(59,879	)	 	 	(14,711	)	 	 	(3,984	)	
Additions for tax positions of current year	 	 	3,938	 	 	 	3,938	 	 	 	4,413	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ending balance, December 31	 	$	182,354	 	 	$	221,040	 	 	$	206,665	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The Company recognized a benefit in interest expense of $1.4 million and $2.1 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively and interest expense of $2.5 million in 2008. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company had $32.7 million and $34.1 million, respectively, of accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits. The net decrease of $1.4 million from December 31, 2009 was related to accrued interest on reductions to prior year positions offset by interest on the Company’s remaining uncertain tax positions.
Note 10 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Certain subsidiaries of the Company are sponsors or administrators of both qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans (“Pension Plans”). The largest of these plans is a non-contributory qualified defined benefit pension plan sponsored by RGA Reinsurance that covers U.S. employees. The benefits under the Pension Plans are generally based on years of service and compensation levels.
The Company also provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees. The health care benefits are provided through a self-insured welfare benefit plan. Employees become eligible for these benefits if they meet minimum age and service requirements. The retiree’s cost for health care benefits varies depending upon the credited years of service. The Company recorded benefits expense of approximately $2.0 million, $1.3 million, and $1.4 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively that are related to these postretirement plans. Virtually all retirees, or their beneficiaries, contribute a portion of the total cost of postretirement health benefits.
A December 31 measurement date is used for all of the defined benefit and postretirement plans.
Obligations, Funded Status and Net Periodic Benefit Costs
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Change in benefit obligation:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	 	$	63,998	 	 	$	49,872	 	 	$	14,321	 	 	$	11,138	 	
Service cost	 	 	4,762	 	 	 	3,821	 	 	 	847	 	 	 	597	 	
Interest Cost	 	 	3,420	 	 	 	3,443	 	 	 	882	 	 	 	674	 	
Participant contributions	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	127	 	 	 	35	 	
Actuarial (gains) losses	 	 	(1,938	)	 	 	6,959	 	 	 	2,326	 	 	 	2,095	 	
Benefits paid	 	 	(1,280	)	 	 	(1,275	)	 	 	(108	)	 	 	(218	)	
Foreign currency rate change effect	 	 	663	 	 	 	1,178	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Benefit obligation at end of year	 	$	69,625	 	 	$	63,998	 	 	$	18,395	 	 	$	14,321	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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(Continued)	 	December 31,	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
Change in plan assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	 	$	30,923	 	 	$	21,044	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Actual return on plan assets	 	 	4,383	 	 	 	6,895	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Employer contributions	 	 	1,862	 	 	 	4,259	 	 	 	70	 	 	 	182	 	
Participant contributions	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	127	 	 	 	35	 	
Benefits paid and expenses	 	 	(1,280	)	 	 	(1,275	)	 	 	(108	)	 	 	(217	)	
Administrative expense	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(89	)	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
air value of plan assets at end of year	 	$	35,888	 	 	$	30,923	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	

Funded status at end of year(1)	 	$	(33,737	)	 	$	(33,075	)	 	$	(18,395	)	 	$	(14,321	)	

 	 	 	
(1)	 	Funded status includes the impact of obligations associated with various non-qualified executive deferred savings plans for which there are no required funding levels. The Company’s qualified defined benefit pension plan was under-funded by $4.8 million and $4.9 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.	

 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Amounts recognized in balance sheets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-current assets	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Current liabilities	 	 	(861	)	 	 	(738	)	 	 	(247	)	 	 	(214	)	
Non-current liabilities	 	 	(32,876	)	 	 	(32,337	)	 	 	(18,148	)	 	 	(14,107	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net amount recognized	 	$	(33,737	)	 	$	(33,075	)	 	$	(18,395	)	 	$	(14,321	)	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net actuarial loss	 	$	13,118	 	 	$	18,006	 	 	$	5,880	 	 	$	3,790	 	
Net prior service cost	 	 	3,264	 	 	 	2,943	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	16,382	 	 	$	20,949	 	 	$	5,880	 	 	$	3,790	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The following table presents additional year-end information for pension plans based on the excess or shortfall of plan assets as compared to the accumulated benefit obligation (“ABO”) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
 	 	ABO in Excess of	 	 	Plan Assets in	 	 	ABO in Excess of	 	 	Plan Assets in	 	
 	 	Plan Assets	 	 	Excess of ABO	 	 	Plan Assets	 	 	Excess of ABO	 	
Aggregate projected benefit obligation	 	$	69,626	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	63,998	 	 	$	—	 	
Aggregate fair value of plan assets	 	 	35,888	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	30,923	 	 	 	—	 	
Accumulated benefit obligation	 	 	66,597	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	58,744	 	 	 	—	 	
The components of net periodic benefit cost and other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Net periodic benefit cost:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Service cost	 	$	4,762	 	 	$	3,821	 	 	$	3,459	 	 	$	847	 	 	$	597	 	 	$	631	 	
Interest cost	 	 	3,420	 	 	 	3,443	 	 	 	2,836	 	 	 	882	 	 	 	674	 	 	 	638	 	
Expected return on plan assets	 	 	(2,577	)	 	 	(1,945	)	 	 	(2,190	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Amortization of prior actuarial losses	 	 	688	 	 	 	1,593	 	 	 	512	 	 	 	236	 	 	 	20	 	 	 	92	 	
Amortization of prior service cost	 	 	(171	)	 	 	558	 	 	 	366	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net periodic benefit cost	 	 	6,122	 	 	 	7,470	 	 	 	4,983	 	 	 	1,965	 	 	 	1,291	 	 	 	1,361	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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(Continued)	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net actuarial (gains) losses	 	 	(3,743	)	 	 	2,009	 	 	 	11,544	 	 	 	2,326	 	 	 	2,094	 	 	 	(670	)	
Prior service cost	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	320	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Amortization of actuarial (gains) losses	 	 	(688	)	 	 	(1,593	)	 	 	(512	)	 	 	(236	)	 	 	(20	)	 	 	(92	)	
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	 	 	171	 	 	 	(558	)	 	 	(366	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Foreign exchange translations and other adjustments	 	 	(307	)	 	 	290	 	 	 	(498	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total recognized in other comprehensive income	 	 	(4,567	)	 	 	148	 	 	 	10,488	 	 	 	2,090	 	 	 	2,074	 	 	 	(764	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income	 	$	1,555	 	 	$	7,618	 	 	$	15,471	 	 	$	4,055	 	 	$	3,365	 	 	$	597	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The Company expects to contribute to the plans $4.6 million in pension benefits and $0.3 million in other benefits during 2011.
The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service as appropriate, are expected to be paid (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
2011	 	$	4,637	 	 	$	254	 	
2012	 	 	5,554	 	 	 	294	 	
2013	 	 	5,731	 	 	 	352	 	
2014	 	 	5,836	 	 	 	424	 	
2015	 	 	5,978	 	 	 	489	 	
2016-2020	 	 	39,130	 	 	 	3,804	 	
The estimated net loss and prior service cost for the defined benefit pension plans and post-retirement plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year are $1.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
Assumptions
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the accumulated benefit obligation and net benefit cost or income for the year ended December 31:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Discount rate used to determine benefit obligation	 	 	5.47	%	 	 	6.01	%	 	 	6.20	%	 	 	5.40	%	 	 	5.50	%	 	 	6.30	%	
Discount rate used to determine net benefit cost or income	 	 	5.96	%	 	 	6.37	%	 	 	6.19	%	 	 	5.75	%	 	 	6.30	%	 	 	6.00	%	
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	 	 	8.50	%	 	 	8.50	%	 	 	8.50	%	 	 	—	%	 	 	—	%	 	 	—	%	
Rate of compensation increases	 	 	4.20	%	 	 	4.21	%	 	 	4.22	%	 	 	—	%	 	 	—	%	 	 	—	%	
The expected rate of return on plan assets is based on anticipated performance of the various asset sectors in which the plan invests, weighted by target allocation percentages. Anticipated future performance is based on long-term historical returns of the plan assets by sector, adjusted for the long-term expectations on the performance of the markets. While the precise expected return derived using this approach may fluctuate from year to year, the policy is to hold this long-term assumption constant as long as it remains within reasonable tolerance from the derived rate. This process is consistent for all plan assets as all the assets are invested in mutual funds.
The assumed health care cost trend rates used in measuring the accumulated non-pension post-retirement benefit obligation were as follows:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Pre-Medicare eligible claims	 	8% down to 5% in 2013	 	8% down to 5% in 2013	
Medicare eligible claims	 	8% down to 5% in 2013	 	8% down to 5% in 2012	
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Assumed health care cost trend rates may have a significant effect on the amounts reported for health care plans. A one-percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	One Percent Increase	 	 	One Percent Decrease	 	
Effect on total of service and interest cost components	 	$	429	 	 	$	(323	)	
Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation	 	$	3,889	 	 	$	(2,992	)	
Results for the Pension and Other Benefits Plans are measured at December 31 for each year presented.
Plan Assets
Target allocations of assets are determined with the objective of maximizing returns and minimizing volatility of net assets through adequate asset diversification and partial liability immunization. Adjustments are made to target allocations based on the Company’s assessment of the effect of economic factors and market conditions. The target allocations for plan assets are 60% equity securities and 40% debt securities as of December 31, 2010 and 2009. The Company’s plan assets are primarily invested in mutual funds. The mutual funds include holdings of S&P 500 securities, large-cap securities, mid-cap securities, small-cap securities, international securities, corporate debt securities, U.S. and other government securities, mortgage-related securities and cash.
Equity and debt securities are exposed to various risks, such as interest rate risk, credit risk, and overall market volatility. Due to the level of risk associated with certain investment securities, it is reasonably possible that changes in the values of investment securities will occur and that such change could affect the amounts reported in the financial statements.
The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are summarized below (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2010	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurement Using:	 	
 	 	Total	 	 	Level 1	 	 	Level 2	 	 	Level 3	 	
Mutual Funds(1)	 	$	35,845	 	 	$	35,845	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Cash	 	 	43	 	 	 	43	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	35,888	 	 	$	35,888	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	

 	 	 	
(1)	 	Mutual funds were invested 38% in bond index funds, 26% in S&P 500 index funds, 13% in mid-cap stock funds, 15% in foreign large blend funds and 8% in small-cap funds.	

 	 	December 31, 2009	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurement Using:	 	
 	 	Total	 	 	Level 1	 	 	Level 2	 	 	Level 3	 	
Mutual Funds(2)	 	$	30,887	 	 	$	30,887	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Cash	 	 	36	 	 	 	36	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	30,923	 	 	$	30,923	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	

 	 	 	
(2)	 	Mutual funds were invested 38% in bond index funds, 31% in S&P 500 index funds, 16% in mid-cap stock funds, 10% in foreign large blend funds and 5% in small-cap funds.	
As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company classified all of its pension plan assets in the Level 1 category as quoted prices in active markets are available for these assets. See Note 6 — “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” for additional detail on the fair value hierarchy.
Savings and Investment Plans
Certain subsidiaries of the Company also sponsor saving and investment plans under which a portion of employee contributions are matched. Subsidiary contributions to these plans, which are partially tied to RGA’s financial results, were $3.9 million, $2.7 million and $3.4 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
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Note 11 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
On September 12, 2008 (“the Divestiture Date”), the Company’s majority shareholder, General American Life Insurance Company (“General American”), disposed of its majority ownership in the Company. General American is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetLife, Inc. (“MetLife”), a New York-based insurance and financial services holding company. Prior to the Divestiture Date, General American and MetLife provided certain administrative services to RGA and RGA Reinsurance. Such services included risk management and corporate travel. The cost of these services for the year ended December 31, 2008 was approximately $1.8 million (through the Divestiture Date), included in other expenses. Management does not believe that the various amounts charged for these services would have been materially different if they had been incurred from an unrelated third party.
RGA Reinsurance also has a product license and service agreement with MetLife. Under this agreement, RGA has licensed the use of its electronic underwriting product to MetLife and provides internet hosting services, installation and modification services for the product. The Company recorded revenue under the agreement for the year ended December 31, 2008 of approximately $0.6 million (through the Divestiture Date).
The Company also had arms-length direct policies and reinsurance agreements with MetLife and certain of its subsidiaries. These direct policies and reinsurance agreements with MetLife and certain of its subsidiaries continue to be in place after the Divestiture Date. The Company reflected net premiums from these agreements of approximately $163.5 million (through the Divestiture Date) in 2008. The premiums reflect the net of business assumed from and ceded to MetLife and its subsidiaries. The pre-tax income, excluding investment income allocated to support the business, was approximately $15.8 million (through the Divestiture Date) in 2008.
Note 12 LEASE COMMITMENTS
The Company leases office space and furniture and equipment under non-cancelable operating lease agreements, which expire at various dates. Future minimum office space annual rentals under non-cancelable operating leases at December 31, 2010 are as follows:
 	 	 	 	 	 	
2011	 	$	13.0 million	
2012	 	12.5 million	 	
2013	 	11.6 million	 	
2014	 	10.8 million	 	
2015	 	6.4 million	 	
Thereafter	 	27.3 million	 	
The amounts above are net of expected sublease income of approximately $0.4 million annually through 2010. Rent expenses amounted to approximately $17.1 million, $13.9 million and $12.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Note 13 FINANCIAL CONDITION AND NET INCOME ON A STATUTORY BASIS — SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARIES (UNAUDITED)
The domestic and foreign insurance subsidiaries of the Company prepare their statutory financial statements in conformity with statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the applicable state insurance department or local regulatory authority, which vary materially from under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Prescribed statutory accounting practices include publications of the NAIC, as well as state laws, local regulations and general administrative rules. The differences between statutory financial statements and financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP vary between domestic and foreign jurisdictions. The principal differences are that statutory financial statements do not reflect deferred policy acquisition costs and limit deferred income taxes, life benefit reserves predominately use interest rate and mortality assumptions prescribed by the NAIC and local regulatory agencies, bonds are generally carried at amortized cost and reinsurance assets and liabilities are presented net of reinsurance.
The statutory net income amounts for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the statutory capital and surplus amounts as of December 31, 2009 in the table below are based on actual statutory filings with the applicable regulatory authorities. The statutory net income amounts for the year ended December 31, 2010 and the statutory capital and surplus amounts as of December 31, 2010 are estimates, as the respective 2010 statutory filings have not yet been made.
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 	 	Statutory Capital & Surplus	 	 	Statutory Net Income (Loss)	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
RCM	 	$	1,486,928	 	 	$	1,412,945	 	 	$	53,690	 	 	$	(16,800	)	 	$	(2,276	)	
RGA Reinsurance	 	 	1,528,887	 	 	 	1,416,550	 	 	 	68,010	 	 	 	63,189	 	 	 	(41,750	)	
RGA Canada	 	 	524,273	 	 	 	430,738	 	 	 	68,543	 	 	 	(2,620	)	 	 	9,915	 	
RGA Barbados	 	 	408,927	 	 	 	298,629	 	 	 	98,688	 	 	 	33,220	 	 	 	31,006	 	
RGA Australia	 	 	338,040	 	 	 	271,755	 	 	 	30,765	 	 	 	37,515	 	 	 	57,250	 	
RGA Atlantic	 	 	289,567	 	 	 	199,966	 	 	 	83,571	 	 	 	47,369	 	 	 	58,200	 	
RGA Americas	 	 	226,220	 	 	 	189,395	 	 	 	50,314	 	 	 	15,433	 	 	 	(49,532	)	
Other reinsurance subsidiaries	 	 	460,925	 	 	 	295,208	 	 	 	84,618	 	 	 	(315,713	)	 	 	(104,708	)	
The total capital and surplus positions of the Company’s primary life reinsurance legal entities exceed the capital requirements of the applicable regulatory bodies. RCM and RGA Reinsurance are subject to Missouri statutory provisions that restrict the payment of dividends. They may not pay dividends in any 12-month period in excess of the greater of the prior year’s statutory operating income or 10% of capital and surplus at the preceding year-end, without regulatory approval. The applicable statutory provisions only permit an insurer to pay a shareholder dividend from unassigned surplus. Any dividends paid by RGA Reinsurance would be paid to RCM, its parent company, which in turn has restrictions related to its ability to pay dividends to RGA. The assets of RCM consist primarily of its investment in RGA Reinsurance. As of January 1, 2011, RCM and RGA Reinsurance could pay maximum dividends, without prior approval, of approximately $148.7 million and $152.9 million, respectively. The Missouri Department of Insurance, Financial Institution and Professional Registration, allows RCM to pay a dividend to RGA to the extent RCM received the dividend from RGA Reinsurance, without limitation related to the level of unassigned surplus. Dividend payments by other subsidiaries are subject to regulations in the jurisdiction of domicile.
Note 14 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
The Company had commitments to fund investments in limited partnerships, commercial mortgage loans and private placement investments in the amounts of $147.2 million, $6.7 million and $7.5 million, respectively, at December 31, 2010. The Company anticipates that the majority of its current commitments will be invested over the next five years, however, these commitments could become due any time at the request of the counterparties. Investments in limited partnerships are primarily carried at cost and included in other invested assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company is subject to litigation in the normal course of its business. The Company currently has no material litigation. A legal reserve is established when the Company is notified of an arbitration demand or litigation or is notified that an arbitration demand or litigation is imminent, it is probable that the Company will incur a loss as a result and the amount of the probable loss is reasonably capable of being estimated. However, if such material litigation did arise, it is possible that an adverse outcome on any particular arbitration or litigation situation could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position and/or net income in a particular reporting period.
The Company has obtained letters of credit, issued by banks, in favor of various affiliated and unaffiliated insurance companies from which the Company assumes business. These letters of credit represent guarantees of performance under the reinsurance agreements and allow ceding companies to take statutory reserve credits. Certain of these letters of credit contain financial covenant restrictions. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, there were approximately $16.0 million and $21.4 million, respectively, of undrawn outstanding bank letters of credit in favor of third parties. Additionally, the Company utilizes letters of credit to secure reserve credits when it retrocedes business to its subsidiaries, including Parkway Re, Timberlake Financial, RGA Americas, RGA Barbados and RGA Atlantic. The Company cedes business to its affiliates to help reduce the amount of regulatory capital required in certain jurisdictions such as the U.S. and the United Kingdom. The capital required to support the business in the affiliates reflects more realistic expectations than the original jurisdiction of the business, where capital requirements are often considered to be quite conservative. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, $518.4 million and $617.5 million, respectively, in undrawn letters of credit from various banks were outstanding, backing reinsurance between the various subsidiaries of the Company. The banks providing letters of credit to the Company are included on the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) list of approved banks.
The Company maintains a syndicated revolving credit facility with an overall capacity of $750.0 million, which is scheduled to mature in September 2012. The Company may borrow cash and obtain letters of credit in multiple currencies under this facility. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had $223.3 million in issued, but undrawn, letters of credit under this facility, which is included in the total above. Applicable letter of credit fees and fees payable for the credit facility depend upon the Company’s senior unsecured long-term debt rating. The Company also maintains a $200.0 million letter of credit
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facility which is scheduled to mature in September 2019. This letter of credit is expected to be fully utilized though 2016 and then amortize to zero by 2019. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had $200.0 million in issued, but undrawn, letters of credit under this facility, which is included in the total above. Letter of credit fees for this facility are fixed for the term of the facility. Fees associated with the Company’s other letters of credit are not fixed for periods in excess of one year and are based on the Company’s ratings and the general availability of these instruments in the marketplace.
RGA has issued guarantees to third parties on behalf of its subsidiaries for the payment of amounts due under certain credit facilities, reinsurance treaties and office lease obligations, whereby if a subsidiary fails to meet an obligation, RGA or one of its other subsidiaries will make a payment to fulfill the obligation. In limited circumstances, treaty guarantees are granted to ceding companies in order to provide them additional security, particularly in cases where RGA’s subsidiary is relatively new, unrated, or not of a significant size, relative to the ceding company. Liabilities supported by the treaty guarantees, before consideration for any legally offsetting amounts due from the guaranteed party, totaled $600.8 million and $569.8 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and are reflected on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets in future policy benefits. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company’s exposure related to treaty guarantees, net of assets held in trust, was $352.0 million and $330.3 million, respectively. Potential guaranteed amounts of future payments will vary depending on production levels and underwriting results. Guarantees related to trust preferred securities and credit facilities provide additional security to third parties should a subsidiary fail to make principal and/or interest payments when due. As of December 31, 2010, RGA’s exposure related to these guarantees was $159.4 million. RGA has issued payment guarantees on behalf of two of its subsidiaries in the event the subsidiaries fail to make payment under their office lease obligations, the exposure of which was $13.6 million as of December 31, 2010.
During 2010, one of the Company’s subsidiaries, Manor Re, obtained $300.0 million of collateral financing through 2020 from an international bank which enabled Manor Re to deposit assets in trust to support statutory reserve credit for an affiliated reinsurance transaction. The bank has recourse to RGA should Manor Re fail to make payments or otherwise not perform its obligations under this financing.
In addition, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers as provided in its charters and by-laws. Since this indemnity generally is not subject to limitation with respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under this indemnity in the future.
Note 15 DEBT AND TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES
The Company’s debt and trust preferred securities consist of the following (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
$400 million 6.75% Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2065	 	$	318,723	 	 	$	318,722	 	
$400 million 6.45% Senior Notes due 2019	 	 	399,398	 	 	 	399,330	 	
$300 million 5.625% Senior Notes due 2017	 	 	298,304	 	 	 	298,031	 	
$200 million 6.75% Senior Notes due 2011	 	 	199,985	 	 	 	199,969	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Debt	 	 	1,216,410	 	 	 	1,216,052	 	
Less portion due in less than one year (short-term debt)	 	 	(199,985	)	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-term Debt	 	$	1,016,425	 	 	$	1,216,052	 	

$225 million 5.75% Preferred Securities due 2051	 	$	159,421	 	 	$	159,217	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
In November 2009, RGA issued 6.45% Senior Notes due November 15, 2019 with a face amount of $400.0 million. These senior notes were registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $396.3 million and were designated for general corporate purposes. Capitalized issue costs were approximately $3.0 million.
During 2009, the Company repurchased $80.2 million face amount of its 6.75% junior subordinated debentures for $39.2 million. The debt was purchased by RGA Reinsurance. As a result, the Company recorded a pre-tax gain of $38.9 million, after fees and unamortized discount, in other revenues in 2009.
The Company has three revolving credit facilities under which it may borrow up to approximately $824.6 million in cash. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, the Company had no cash borrowings under these facilities. The Company may borrow up to $750.0 million in cash and obtain letters of credit in multiple currencies on its revolving credit facility that expires in September 2012. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, the Company had no cash borrowings outstanding and $223.3 million and $373.9 million in issued, but undrawn, letters of credit under this facility. The
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Company’s other credit facilities consist of a £15.0 million credit facility that expires in May 2012 and an A$50.0 million Australian credit facility that expires in March 2011, both with no outstanding balances as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Certain of the Company’s debt agreements contain financial covenant restrictions related to, among others, liens, the issuance and disposition of stock of restricted subsidiaries, minimum requirements of consolidated net worth, maximum ratios of debt to capitalization and change of control provisions. A material ongoing covenant default could require immediate payment of the amount due, including principal, under the various agreements. Additionally, the Company’s debt agreements contain cross-default covenants, which would make outstanding borrowings immediately payable in the event of a material uncured covenant default under any of the agreements, including, but not limited to, non-payment of indebtedness when due for an amount in excess of $100.0 million, bankruptcy proceedings, or any other event which results in the acceleration of the maturity of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company had $1,216.4 million and $1,216.1 million, respectively, in outstanding borrowings under its debt agreements and was in compliance with all covenants under those agreements. The ability of the Company to make debt principal and interest payments depends on the earnings and surplus of subsidiaries, investment earnings on undeployed capital proceeds, and the Company’s ability to raise additional funds. Repayments of debt over the next five years total $200.0 million, due in 2011.
RGA guarantees the payment of amounts outstanding under the credit facility maintained by its subsidiary operation in Australia. At December 31, 2010 there was no debt outstanding under this credit facility.
In December 2001, RGA, through its wholly-owned financing subsidiary, RGA Capital Trust I, issued $225.0 million face amount in Preferred Securities due 2051 at a discounted value of $158.1 million. RGA fully and unconditionally guarantees, on a subordinated basis, the obligations of the Trust under the Preferred Securities.
Note 16 COLLATERAL FINANCE FACILITY
In June 2006, RGA’s subsidiary, Timberlake Financial, issued $850.0 million of Series A Floating Rate Insured Notes due June 2036 in a private placement. The notes were issued to fund the collateral requirements for statutory reserves required by the U.S. Valuation of Life Policies Model Regulation (commonly referred to as Regulation XXX) on specified term life insurance policies reinsured by RGA Reinsurance. Proceeds from the notes, along with a $112.8 million direct investment by the Company, were deposited into a series of accounts that collateralize the notes and are not available to satisfy the general obligations of the Company. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, the Company held assets in trust and in custody of $885.3 million and $876.7 million for this purpose. Interest on the notes will accrue at an annual rate of 1-month LIBOR plus a base rate margin, payable monthly and totaled $7.9 million, $8.3 million and $28.7 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The payment of interest and principal on the notes is insured by a monoline insurance company through a financial guaranty insurance policy. The notes represent senior, secured indebtedness of Timberlake Financial without legal recourse to RGA or its other subsidiaries. Timberlake Financial will rely primarily upon the receipt of interest and principal payments on a surplus note and dividend payments from its wholly-owned subsidiary, Timberlake Re, a South Carolina captive insurance company, to make payments of interest and principal on the notes. The ability of Timberlake Re to make interest and principal payments on the surplus note and dividend payments to Timberlake Financial is contingent upon South Carolina regulatory approval, the return on Timberlake Re’s investment assets and the performance of specified term life insurance policies with guaranteed level premiums retroceded by RGA’s subsidiary, RGA Reinsurance, to Timberlake Re.
In accordance with the general accounting principles for Consolidation, Timberlake Financial is considered to be a variable interest entity and the Company is deemed to hold the primary beneficial interest. As a result, Timberlake Financial has been consolidated in the Company’s financial statements. The Company’s consolidated balance sheets include the assets of Timberlake Financial recorded as fixed maturity investments and other invested assets, which consists of restricted cash and cash equivalents, with the liability for the notes recorded as collateral finance facility. The Company’s consolidated statements of income include the investment return of Timberlake Financial as investment income and the cost of the facility is reflected in collateral finance facility expense.
Note 17 SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has five geographic-based operational segments, each of which is a distinct reportable segment: U.S., Canada, Europe & South Africa, Asia Pacific and Corporate and Other. The U.S. operations provide traditional life, long-term care, group life and health reinsurance, annuity and financial reinsurance products. The Canada operations provide insurers with reinsurance of traditional life products as well as creditor reinsurance, group life and health reinsurance, non-guaranteed critical illness products and longevity reinsurance. Europe & South Africa operations include traditional life reinsurance and critical illness business from Europe & South Africa, in addition to other markets the Company is developing. Asia Pacific
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operations provide primarily traditional and group life reinsurance, critical illness and, to a lesser extent, financial reinsurance. Corporate and Other includes results from, among others, RGA Technology Partners, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary that develops and markets technology solutions for the insurance industry and the investment income and expense associated with the Company’s collateral finance facility. Effective January 1, 2009, due to immateriality, the discontinued accident and health operations were included in the results of the Corporate and Other segment. The consolidated statement of income for 2008 reflects this line of business as a discontinued operation. The Company measures segment performance based on income or loss before income taxes.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2 — “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” The Company measures segment performance primarily based on profit or loss from operations before income taxes. There are no intersegment reinsurance transactions and the Company does not have any material long-lived assets.
The Company allocates capital to its segments based on an internally developed economic capital model, the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic capital model considers the unique and specific nature of the risks inherent in RGA’s businesses. As a result of the economic capital allocation process, a portion of investment income and investment related gains and losses are credited to the segments based on the level of allocated equity. In addition, the segments are charged for excess capital utilized above the allocated economic capital basis. This charge is included in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses.
The Company’s reportable segments are strategic business units that are primarily segregated by geographic region. Information related to revenues, income (loss) before income taxes, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, and assets of the Company’s continuing operations are summarized below (dollars in thousands).
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
For the years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S.	 	$	4,961,839	 	 	$	4,255,534	 	 	$	3,148,124	 	
Canada	 	 	976,172	 	 	 	777,235	 	 	 	691,948	 	
Europe & South Africa	 	 	957,713	 	 	 	826,880	 	 	 	732,475	 	
Asia Pacific	 	 	1,242,189	 	 	 	1,085,088	 	 	 	1,057,873	 	
Corporate and Other	 	 	123,817	 	 	 	122,085	 	 	 	50,783	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total from continuing operations	 	$	8,261,730	 	 	$	7,066,822	 	 	$	5,681,203	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
For the years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S.	 	$	539,390	 	 	$	308,718	 	 	$	66,088	 	
Canada	 	 	122,378	 	 	 	106,335	 	 	 	102,266	 	
Europe & South Africa	 	 	85,834	 	 	 	52,341	 	 	 	65,686	 	
Asia Pacific	 	 	88,760	 	 	 	83,546	 	 	 	85,509	 	
Corporate and Other	 	 	27,455	 	 	 	41,405	 	 	 	(39,157	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total from continuing operations	 	$	863,817	 	 	$	592,345	 	 	$	280,392	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
For the years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Interest expense:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate and Other	 	$	90,996	 	 	$	69,940	 	 	$	76,161	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total from continuing operations	 	$	90,996	 	 	$	69,940	 	 	$	76,161	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
For the years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Depreciation and amortization:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S.	 	$	761,725	 	 	$	733,345	 	 	$	162,944	 	
Canada	 	 	167,030	 	 	 	145,330	 	 	 	109,826	 	
Europe & South Africa	 	 	67,403	 	 	 	58,297	 	 	 	97,791	 	
Asia Pacific	 	 	145,666	 	 	 	114,300	 	 	 	122,031	 	
Corporate and Other	 	 	8,405	 	 	 	7,446	 	 	 	7,423	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total from continuing operations	 	$	1,150,229	 	 	$	1,058,718	 	 	$	500,015	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The table above includes amortization of deferred acquisition costs, including the effect from investment related gains and losses.
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For the years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S.	 	$	17,470,744	 	 	$	15,569,263	 	 	$	15,061,753	 	
Canada	 	 	3,441,915	 	 	 	3,026,515	 	 	 	2,710,187	 	
Europe & South Africa	 	 	1,584,007	 	 	 	1,400,580	 	 	 	1,134,990	 	
Asia Pacific	 	 	2,440,316	 	 	 	2,060,425	 	 	 	1,413,611	 	
Corporate and Other	 	 	4,144,926	 	 	 	3,192,718	 	 	 	1,338,277	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total assets	 	$	29,081,908	 	 	$	25,249,501	 	 	$	21,658,818	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Companies in which RGA has an ownership position greater than twenty percent, but less than or equal to fifty percent, are reported on the equity basis of accounting. The equity in the net income of such subsidiaries is not material to the results of operations or financial position of individual segments or the Company taken as a whole. Capital expenditures of each reporting segment were immaterial in the periods noted.
In 2010, the U.S. operation’s five largest clients generated approximately $1,423.6 million or 35.6% of U.S. operations gross premiums. In 2010, the Canada operation’s five largest clients generated approximately $624.9 million or 58.0% of Canada operations gross premiums. In 2010, the Europe & South Africa operation’s five largest clients generated approximately $450.9 million or 47.4% of Europe & South Africa operations gross premiums. In 2010, the Asia Pacific operation’s five largest clients generated approximately $489.2 million or 41.8% of Asia Pacific operations gross premiums. In 2010, on a consolidated basis, the Company’s five largest clients generated approximately $1,921.5 million or 26.7% of the Company’s gross premiums. No individual client generated 10% or more of the Company’s total gross premiums on a consolidated basis. For the purpose of this disclosure, companies that are within the same insurance holding company structure are combined.
Note 18 EQUITY BASED COMPENSATION
The Company adopted the RGA Flexible Stock Plan (the “Plan”) in February 1993, as amended, and the Flexible Stock Plan for Directors (the “Directors Plan”) in January 1997, as amended, (collectively, the “Stock Plans”). The Stock Plans provide for the award of benefits (collectively “Benefits”) of various types, including stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock, performance shares, cash awards, and other stock-based awards, to key employees, officers, directors and others performing significant services for the benefit of the Company or its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2010, shares authorized for the granting of Benefits under the Plan and the Directors Plan totaled 9,260,077 and 212,500 respectively. The Company uses treasury shares or shares made available from authorized but unissued shares to support the future exercise of options or settlement of awards granted under its stock plans.
Equity-based compensation expense of $18.1 million, $10.7 million, and $10.7 million related to grants or awards under the Stock Plans was recognized in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Equity-based compensation expense is principally related to the issuance of stock options, performance contingent restricted units, and restricted stock.
In general, options granted under the Plan become exercisable over vesting periods ranging from one to five years while options granted under the Directors Plan become exercisable after one year. Options are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the stock’s fair value at the date of grant and expire 10 years after the date of grant. Information with respect to grants under the Stock Plans follows.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Stock Options	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Weighted-Average	 	 	Aggregate Intrinsic	 	 	Performance Contingent	 	
 	 	Options	 	 	Exercise Price	 	 	Value (in millions)	 	 	Units	 	
Outstanding January 1, 2008	 	 	2,595,253	 	 	$	37.98	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	354,149	 	
Granted	 	 	434,622	 	 	$	56.03	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	160,968	 	
Exercised / Lapsed	 	 	(189,229	)	 	$	33.60	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(113,667	)	
Forfeited	 	 	(53,462	)	 	$	51.01	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(18,331	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Outstanding December 31, 2008	 	 	2,787,184	 	 	$	40.84	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	383,119	 	
Granted	 	 	743,145	 	 	$	32.20	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	309,063	 	
Exercised / Lapsed	 	 	(226,264	)	 	$	26.77	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(123,782	)	
Forfeited	 	 	(103,426	)	 	$	36.71	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(12,184	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Outstanding December 31, 2009	 	 	3,200,639	 	 	$	39.96	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	556,216	 	
Granted	 	 	535,867	 	 	$	47.10	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	253,342	 	
Exercised / Lapsed	 	 	(314,815	)	 	$	30.80	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(93,597	)	
Forfeited	 	 	(39,375	)	 	$	43.20	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(14,419	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Outstanding December 31, 2010	 	 	3,382,316	 	 	$	41.91	 	 	$	39.9	 	 	 	701,542	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Options exercisable	 	 	2,037,409	 	 	$	41.13	 	 	$	25.6	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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The intrinsic value of options exercised was $7.2 million, $4.7 million, and $1.7 million for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Options Outstanding	 	 	Options Exercisable	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Weighted-Average	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Outstanding as of	 	 	Remaining	 	 	Weighted-Average	 	 	Exercisable as of	 	 	Weighted-Average	 	
Range of Exercise Prices	 	12/31/2010	 	 	Contractual Life	 	 	Exercise Price	 	 	12/31/2010	 	 	Exercise Price	 	
$25.00 - $34.99	 	 	1,162,905	 	 	 	5.7	 	 	$	30.37	 	 	 	620,015	 	 	$	28.76	 	
$35.00 - $44.99	 	 	477,645	 	 	 	2.0	 	 	$	35.80	 	 	 	477,645	 	 	$	35.80	 	
$45.00 - $54.99	 	 	1,059,177	 	 	 	6.8	 	 	$	47.28	 	 	 	528,910	 	 	$	47.47	 	
$55.00 +	 	 	682,589	 	 	 	6.6	 	 	$	57.50	 	 	 	410,839	 	 	$	57.86	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Totals	 	 	3,382,316	 	 	 	5.7	 	 	$	41.91	 	 	 	2,037,409	 	 	$	41.13	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The Black-Scholes model was used to determine the fair value of stock options granted and recognized in the financial statements. The Company used daily historical volatility when calculating stock option values. The risk-free rate is based on observed interest rates for instruments with maturities similar to the expected term of the stock options. Dividend yield is determined based on historical dividend distributions compared to the price of the underlying common stock as of the valuation date and held constant over the life of the stock options. The Company estimated expected life using the historical average years to exercise or cancellation. The per share weighted-average fair value of stock options granted during 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $15.90, $8.99 and $14.02 on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: 2010-expected dividend yield of 1.02%, risk-free interest rate of 2.82%, expected life of 6.0 years, and an expected rate of volatility of the stock of 33.9% over the expected life of the options; 2009- expected dividend yield of 1.12%, risk-free interest rate of 2.03%, expected life of 6.0 years, and an expected rate of volatility of the stock of 29.1% over the expected life of the options; and 2008-expected dividend yield of 0.6%, risk-free interest rate of 4.67%, expected life of 6.0 years, and an expected rate of volatility of the stock of 23.4% over the expected life of the options.
In general, restrictions lapse on restricted stock awards at the end of a three- or ten-year vesting period. Restricted stock awarded under the plan generally has no strike price and is included in the Company’s shares outstanding. As of December 31, 2010, no shares of restricted stock were outstanding.
During 2010, 2009 and 2008 the Company also issued 253,342, 309,063 and 160,968 performance contingent units (“PCUs”) to key employees at a weighted average fair value per unit of $47.10, $32.20 and $56.03, respectively. As of December 31, 2010, 250,565, 301,010 and 149,967 PCUs were outstanding from the 2010, 2009 and 2008 grants, respectively. Each PCU represents the right to receive up to two shares of Company common stock, depending on the results of certain performance measures over a three-year period. The compensation expense related to the PCUs is recognized ratably over the requisite performance period. In February 2011, 2010 and 2009, the board approved a 0.96, 0.68 and 1.33 share payout for each PCU granted in 2008, 2007 and 2006, resulting in the issuance of 141,405, 63,409 and 164,630 shares of common stock from treasury, respectively.
As of December 31, 2010, the total compensation cost of non-vested awards not yet recognized in the financial statements was $19.0 million. It is estimated that these costs will vest over a weighted average period of 2.3 years.
In February 2011, the board approved an incentive compensation package including 503,257 SARs at $59.74 per share and 222,591 PCUs under the Plan. The SARs granted vest over a four year period and will be settled in shares of common stock. In addition, non-employee directors received 8,625 shares of common stock under the Directors Plan.
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Note 19 EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations (in thousands, except per share information):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Earnings:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations (numerator for basic and diluted calculations)	 	$	574,402	 	 	$	407,086	 	 	$	187,815	 	
Shares:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted average outstanding shares (denominator for basic calculations)	 	 	73,157	 	 	 	72,790	 	 	 	63,918	 	
Equivalent shares from outstanding stock options and warrants	 	 	1,537	 	 	 	537	 	 	 	1,353	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted shares (denominator for diluted calculations)	 	 	74,694	 	 	 	73,327	 	 	 	65,271	 	
Earnings per share from continuing operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	$	7.85	 	 	$	5.59	 	 	$	2.94	 	
Diluted	 	$	7.69	 	 	$	5.55	 	 	$	2.88	 	
The calculation of equivalent shares from outstanding stock options does not include the effect of options having a strike price that exceeds the average stock price for the earnings period, as the result would be antidilutive. The calculation of common equivalent shares also excludes the impact of outstanding performance contingent shares, as the conditions necessary for their issuance have not been satisfied as of the end of the reporting period. Approximately 0.7 million, 1.2 million and 1.6 million outstanding stock options were not included in the calculation of common equivalent shares during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Approximately 0.7 million, 0.6 million and 0.4 million performance contingent shares were excluded from the calculation of common equivalent shares during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Note 20 COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The following table presents the components of the Company’s other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
For the year ended December 31, 2010:	 	Before-Tax Amount	 	 	Tax (Expense) Benefit	 	 	After-Tax Amount	 	
Foreign currency translation adjustments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change arising during year	 	$	83,384	 	 	$	3,110	 	 	$	86,494	 	
Foreign currency swap	 	 	(41,302	)	 	 	14,456	 	 	 	(26,846	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	42,082	 	 	 	17,566	 	 	 	59,648	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized gains on securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized net holding gains arising during the year	 	 	849,226	 	 	 	(279,620	)	 	 	569,606	 	
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net gains realized in net income	 	 	41,069	 	 	 	(14,374	)	 	 	26,695	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net unrealized gains	 	 	808,157	 	 	 	(265,246	)	 	 	542,911	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change in unrealized other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	 	 	6,279	 	 	 	(2,198	)	 	 	4,081	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized pension and postretirement benefits:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net prior service cost arising during the year	 	 	(321	)	 	 	108	 	 	 	(213	)	
Net gain arising during the period	 	 	2,798	 	 	 	(1,019	)	 	 	1,779	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized pension and postretirement benefits, net	 	 	2,477	 	 	 	(911	)	 	 	1,566	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income	 	$	858,995	 	 	$	(250,789	)	 	$	608,206	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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For the year ended December 31, 2009:	 	Before-Tax Amount	 	 	Tax (Expense) Benefit	 	 	After-Tax Amount	 	
Foreign currency translation adjustments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change arising during year	 	$	205,472	 	 	$	(9,122	)	 	$	196,350	 	
Foreign currency swap	 	 	(8,102	)	 	 	2,836	 	 	 	(5,266	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	197,370	 	 	 	(6,286	)	 	 	191,084	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized net holding gains arising during the year	 	 	949,091	 	 	 	(331,182	)	 	 	617,909	 	
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net losses realized in net income	 	 	(84,348	)	 	 	29,522	 	 	 	(54,826	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net unrealized gains	 	 	1,033,439	 	 	 	(360,704	)	 	 	672,735	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change in unrealized other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities	 	 	(16,045	)	 	 	5,616	 	 	 	(10,429	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized pension and postretirement benefits:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net prior service cost arising during the year	 	 	(422	)	 	 	141	 	 	 	(281	)	
Net loss arising during the period	 	 	(1,800	)	 	 	613	 	 	 	(1,187	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized pension and postretirement benefits, net	 	 	(2,222	)	 	 	754	 	 	 	(1,468	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income	 	$	1,212,542	 	 	$	(360,620	)	 	$	851,922	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
For the year ended December 31, 2008:	 	Before-Tax Amount	 	 	Tax (Expense) Benefit	 	 	After-Tax Amount	 	
Foreign currency translation adjustments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change arising during year	 	$	(250,052	)	 	$	12,941	 	 	$	(237,111	)	
Foreign currency swap	 	 	53,720	 	 	 	(18,802	)	 	 	34,918	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	(196,332	)	 	 	(5,861	)	 	 	(202,193	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized losses on securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized net holding losses arising during the year	 	 	(1,458,293	)	 	 	511,768	 	 	 	(946,525	)	
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net losses realized in net income	 	 	(122,997	)	 	 	43,049	 	 	 	(79,948	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net unrealized losses	 	 	(1,335,296	)	 	 	468,719	 	 	 	(866,577	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized pension and postretirement benefits:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net prior service credit arising during the year	 	 	799	 	 	 	(284	)	 	 	515	 	
Net loss arising during the period	 	 	(10,523	)	 	 	3,701	 	 	 	(6,822	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized pension and postretirement benefits, net	 	 	(9,724	)	 	 	3,417	 	 	 	(6,307	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss)	 	$	(1,541,352	)	 	$	466,275	 	 	$	(1,075,077	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
A summary of the components of net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of balances carried at fair value is as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
For the years ended December 31,	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
Change in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	 	$	813,174	 	 	$	1,004,303	 	 	$	(1,332,268	)	
Other investments	 	 	16,933	 	 	 	58,930	 	 	 	(50,229	)	
Effect on unrealized appreciation on:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred policy acquisition costs	 	 	(15,671	)	 	 	(45,839	)	 	 	47,201	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation)	 	$	814,436	 	 	$	1,017,394	 	 	$	(1,335,296	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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The balance of and changes in each component of AOCI were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Accumulated	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	 	 	 	 	Accumulated	 	
 	 	Currency	 	 	Appreciation	 	 	Pension and	 	 	Other	 	
 	 	Translation	 	 	(Depreciation)	 	 	Postretirement	 	 	Comprehensive	 	
 	 	Adjustments	 	 	of Securities	 	 	Benefits	 	 	Income (Loss)	 	
For the year ended December 31, 2010	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, beginning of year	 	$	210,878	 	 	$	104,457	 	 	$	(16,126	)	 	$	299,209	 	
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	59,648	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	59,648	 	
Unrealized gain/loss on securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	542,911	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	542,911	 	
Change in other-than-temporary impairment losses on fixed maturity securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,081	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,081	 	
Changes in pension and other postretirement plan adjustments	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,566	 	 	 	1,566	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, end of year	 	$	270,526	 	 	$	651,449	 	 	$	(14,560	)	 	$	907,415	 	

For the year ended December 31, 2009	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, beginning of year	 	$	19,794	 	 	$	(553,407	)	 	$	(14,658	)	 	$	(548,271	)	
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	191,084	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	191,084	 	
Unrealized gain on securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	672,735	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	672,735	 	
Change in other-than-temporary impairment losses on fixed maturity securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	(10,429	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(10,429	)	
Cumulative effect of accounting change	 	 	—	 	 	 	(4,442	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(4,442	)	
Changes in pension and other postretirement plan adjustments	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,468	)	 	 	(1,468	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, end of year	 	$	210,878	 	 	$	104,457	 	 	$	(16,126	)	 	$	299,209	 	

For the year ended December 31, 2008	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, beginning of year	 	$	221,987	 	 	$	313,170	 	 	$	(8,351	)	 	$	526,806	 	
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	(202,193	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(202,193	)	
Unrealized loss on securities	 	 	—	 	 	 	(866,577	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(866,577	)	
Changes in pension and other postretirement plan adjustments	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(6,307	)	 	 	(6,307	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, end of year	 	$	19,794	 	 	$	(553,407	)	 	$	(14,658	)	 	$	(548,271	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Note 21 DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Effective January 1, 2009, due to immateriality, the discontinued accident and health operations were included in the results of the Corporate and Other segment. The consolidated statement of income for 2008 reflects this line of business as a discontinued operation. The calculation of the claim reserve liability for the entire portfolio of accident and health business requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported claim reserve levels. Revenues associated with discontinued operations, which were not reported on a gross basis in the Company’s consolidated statement of income in 2008, totaled $2.1 million. As of December 31, 2010, there are no arbitrations or claims disputes associated with the Company’s discontinued accident and health operations, and the remaining runoff activity of this business is not expected to be significant.
Note 22 BUSINESS ACQUISITION
Effective January 1, 2010, the Company completed its acquisition of Reliastar Life Insurance Company’s U.S. and Canadian group life, accident and health reinsurance business. Reliastar Life Insurance Company is a subsidiary of ING Groep N.V. The acquisition was structured as an indemnity coinsurance agreement and resulted in an intangible asset of $129 million on January 1, 2010, which is reported in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The acquisition is expected to enhance the Company’s expertise and product offerings, particularly in the North American market.
Note 23 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On February 16, 2011, the Company issued a notice of redemption of its warrants to holders of its Trust Preferred Income Equity Redeemable Securities (“PIERS Units”) and any separately held warrants. In connection with the notice of redemption, the Company also issued a notice of remarketing to the holders of the PIERS Units and any separately held preferred securities.
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The warrants will be redeemed at their stated redemption amount of $14.56 per warrant in cash on March 4, 2011, unless the holder of a warrant gives written notice of exercise of the warrant. If a holder of a PIERS Unit elects to exercise the warrant, the exercise price of $35.44 per warrant is then due. That exercise price can be paid directly by the warrant holder, or through the proceeds raised by a remarketing of the preferred securities. As of February 16, 2011, there were approximately 4.5 million warrants outstanding. Assuming exercise of all outstanding warrants by holders in lieu of redemption, RGA would receive gross proceeds of approximately $159.5 million and issue approximately 5.6 million shares of common stock.
Redemption of the warrants by the Company triggers the remarketing of the preferred securities. The remarketing of the preferred securities will occur on March 1, 2011. The proceeds from the remarketing will be paid to the selling holders, provided that the proceeds for holders who have elected to exercise their warrants shall be applied to satisfy the exercise price of the warrants. The remarketed preferred securities will mature on June 5, 2011.
On February 16, 2011, the Company also announced that it had entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with Metlife to repurchase 3,000,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock at a price of $61.14 per share, reflecting the closing price of the Company’s common stock on February 14, 2011. The transaction was completed on February 15, 2011. The purchased shares will be held as treasury stock. Further, the Company announced that it expects to repurchase up to 2.6 million additional shares of common stock, which may include an accelerated share repurchase program, subsequent to the redemption of the PIERS units. The Company’s share repurchase transactions are intended to offset share dilution associated with the redemption of the PIERS units.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
Chesterfield, Missouri
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
As discussed in Note 2, the Company changed its method of accounting for other-than-temporary impairments, as required by accounting guidance adopted on April 1, 2009.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on the criteria established in  Internal Control—Integrated Framework  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 28, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 	 	 	 	 	
 	/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP  	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	St. Louis, Missouri 	 	
 	February 28, 2011 	 	
 	
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Quarterly Data (Unaudited)
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
2010	 	First	 	 	Second	 	 	Third	 	 	Fourth	 	
Revenues from continuing operations	 	$	2,100,185	 	 	$	1,931,877	 	 	$	1,955,539	 	 	$	2,274,129	 	
Revenues from discontinued operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	 	$	193,315	 	 	$	198,072	 	 	$	197,173	 	 	$	275,257	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations	 	$	122,439	 	 	$	127,019	 	 	$	128,232	 	 	$	196,712	 	
Loss from discontinued accident and health operations, net of income taxes	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	 	$	122,439	 	 	$	127,019	 	 	$	128,232	 	 	$	196,712	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total outstanding common shares — end of period	 	 	73,103	 	 	 	73,154	 	 	 	73,172	 	 	 	73,363	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic Earnings Per Share	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing operations	 	$	1.68	 	 	$	1.74	 	 	$	1.75	 	 	$	2.68	 	
Discontinued operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	 	$	1.68	 	 	$	1.74	 	 	$	1.75	 	 	$	2.68	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted Earnings Per Share	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing operations	 	$	1.64	 	 	$	1.70	 	 	$	1.72	 	 	$	2.62	 	
Discontinued operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	 	$	1.64	 	 	$	1.70	 	 	$	1.72	 	 	$	2.62	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Dividends declared per share	 	$	0.12	 	 	$	0.12	 	 	$	0.12	 	 	$	0.12	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Market price of common stock	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Quarter end	 	$	52.52	 	 	$	45.71	 	 	$	48.29	 	 	$	53.71	 	
Common stock price, high	 	 	52.64	 	 	 	56.49	 	 	 	51.09	 	 	 	54.89	 	
Common stock price, low	 	 	44.89	 	 	 	44.21	 	 	 	42.72	 	 	 	47.30	 	

2009	 	First	 	 	Second	 	 	Third	 	 	Fourth	 	
Revenues from continuing operations	 	$	1,530,840	 	 	$	1,813,166	 	 	$	1,778,981	 	 	$	1,943,835	 	
Revenues from discontinued operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	 	$	34,206	 	 	$	215,423	 	 	$	182,551	 	 	$	160,165	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations	 	$	23,290	 	 	$	153,179	 	 	$	118,208	 	 	$	112,409	 	
Loss from discontinued accident and health operations, net of income taxes	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	 	$	23,290	 	 	$	153,179	 	 	$	118,208	 	 	$	112,409	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total outstanding common shares — end of period	 	 	72,763	 	 	 	72,775	 	 	 	72,790	 	 	 	72,990	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic Earnings Per Share	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing operations	 	$	0.32	 	 	$	2.11	 	 	$	1.62	 	 	$	1.54	 	
Discontinued operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	 	$	0.32	 	 	$	2.11	 	 	$	1.62	 	 	$	1.54	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted Earnings Per Share	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing operations	 	$	0.32	 	 	$	2.10	 	 	$	1.61	 	 	$	1.52	 	
Discontinued operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	 	$	0.32	 	 	$	2.10	 	 	$	1.61	 	 	$	1.52	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Dividends declared per share	 	$	0.09	 	 	$	0.09	 	 	$	0.09	 	 	$	0.09	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Market price of common stock	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Quarter end	 	$	32.39	 	 	$	34.91	 	 	$	44.60	 	 	$	47.65	 	
Common stock price, high	 	 	43.07	 	 	 	38.51	 	 	 	45.79	 	 	 	49.85	 	
Common stock price, low	 	 	21.27	 	 	 	27.93	 	 	 	31.86	 	 	 	42.52	 	
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “RGA”. There were 86,807 stockholders of record of RGA’s common stock on January 31, 2011.
See “Shareholder Dividends” and “Debt and Trust Preferred Securities” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources”.
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Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
     None.
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
     The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective .
     There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) during the quarter ended December 31, 2010, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
     Management of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated and subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. In fulfilling this responsibility, estimates and judgments by management are required to assess the expected benefits and related costs of control procedures. The objectives of internal control include providing management with reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that assets are safeguarded against loss from unauthorized use or disposition, and that transactions are executed in accordance with management’s authorization and recorded properly to permit the preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
     Financial management has documented and evaluated the effectiveness of the internal control of the Company as of December 31, 2010 pertaining to financial reporting in accordance with the criteria established in “Internal Control — Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
     In the opinion of management, the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010.
     Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
Chesterfield, Missouri
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in  Internal Control — Integrated Framework  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying  Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting . Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on the criteria established in  Internal Control — Integrated Framework  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules as of and for the year ended December 31, 2010 of the Company and our report dated February 28, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
St. Louis, Missouri
February 28, 2011
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Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
     None.
Part III
Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
     Information with respect to Directors of the Company is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement under the captions “Nominees and Continuing Directors” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”. The Proxy Statement will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company’s fiscal year.
Executive Officers
     The following is certain additional information concerning each individual who is an executive officer of the Company or its primary operating subsidiary, RGA Reinsurance Company, and who is not also a director.
     William L. Hutton, 50, is Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of the Company. Mr. Hutton joined General American as Counsel in 1998, and served as Associate General Counsel of the Company from 2008-2011. Mr. Hutton also serves as an officer of several RGA subsidiaries.
     Todd C. Larson, 47, is Executive Vice President, Corporate Finance and Treasurer. Mr. Larson previously was Assistant Controller at Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company from 1994 through 1995 and prior to that position was an accountant for KPMG LLP from 1985 through 1993. Mr. Larson also serves as a director and officer of several RGA subsidiaries.
     Jack B. Lay, 56, is Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining the Company in 1994, Mr. Lay served as Second Vice President and Associate Controller at General American. In that position, he was responsible for all external financial reporting as well as merger and acquisition support. Before joining General American in 1991, Mr. Lay was a partner in the financial services practice with the St. Louis office of KPMG LLP. Mr. Lay also serves as a director and officer of several RGA subsidiaries.
     Alain Néemeh, 43, is Executive Vice President, Global Pricing Integrity and Canada. He served as Executive Vice President of Operations and Chief Financial Officer from 2001 until he attained his current position in 2006. He joined the finance area at RGA Canada in 1997 from KPMG LLP, where he provided audit and other services to a variety of clients in the financial services, manufacturing and retail sectors.
     Paul Nitsou, 49, is Executive Vice President, Global Major Accounts. He served as Executive Vice President prior to attaining his current position in June 2004. He joined RGA in 1996 and began his life insurance career in 1985 at Manulife Financial where he held numerous actuarial-related positions.
     Paul A. Schuster, 56, is Senior Executive Vice President, Global Financial, Group and Health. He served as Senior Vice President, U.S. Division from January 1997 to December 1998. Mr. Schuster was Reinsurance Actuarial Vice President in 1995 and Senior Vice President & Chief Actuary of the Company in 1996. Prior to the formation of RGA, Mr. Schuster served as Second Vice President and Reinsurance Actuary of General American. Prior to joining General American in 1991, he served as Vice President and Assistant Director of Reinsurance Operations of the ITT Lyndon Insurance Group from 1988 to 1991 and in a variety of actuarial positions with General Reassurance Corporation from 1976 to 1988. Mr. Schuster also serves as a director and officer of several RGA subsidiaries.
     Graham S. Watson, 61, is Senior Executive Vice President and Head of Global Mortality Products. Upon joining RGA in 1996, Mr. Watson was President and CEO of RGA Australia. Prior to joining RGA in 1996, Mr. Watson was the President and CEO of Intercedent Limited in Canada and has held various positions of increasing responsibility for other life insurance companies. Mr. Watson also serves as a director and officer of several RGA subsidiaries.
     A. Greig Woodring, 59, is President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Mr. Woodring also headed the reinsurance business of General American Life Insurance Company from 1986 until the Company’s formation in December 1992. He also serves as a director and officer of a number of subsidiaries of the Company.
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Corporate Governance
     The Company has adopted an Employee Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Employee Code”), a Directors’ Code of Conduct (the “Directors’ Code”), and a Financial Management Code of Professional Conduct (the “Financial Management Code”). The Employee Code applies to all employees and officers of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Directors’ Code applies to directors of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Financial Management Code applies to the Company’s chief executive offer, chief financial officer, corporate controller, chief financial officers in each business unit, and all professionals in finance and finance-related departments. The Company intends to satisfy its disclosure obligations under Item 10 of Form 8-K by posting on its website information about amendments to, or waivers from a provision of the Financial Management Code that applies to the Company’s chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and corporate controller. Each of the three Codes described above is available on the Company’s website at  www.rgare.com .
     Also available on the Company’s website are the following other items: Corporate Governance Guidelines, Audit Committee Charter, Compensation Committee Charter, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter (collectively “Governance Documents”).
     The Company will provide without charge upon written or oral request, a copy of any of the Codes of Conduct or Governance Documents. Requests should be directed to Investor Relations, Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated, 1370 Timberlake Manor Parkway, Chesterfield, MO 63017, by electronic mail (investrelations@rgare.com) or by telephone (636-736-7243).
     In accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company’s board of directors has established a standing audit committee. The board of directors has determined, in its judgment, that all of the members of the audit committee are independent within the meaning of SEC regulations and the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). The board of directors has determined, in its judgment, that Messrs. Bartlett, Boot, Danahy and Ms. Lomax are qualified as audit committee financial experts within the meaning of SEC regulations and the board has determined that each of them has accounting and related financial management expertise within the meaning of the listing standards of the NYSE. The audit committee charter provides that members of the audit committee may not simultaneously serve on the audit committee of more than two other public companies unless a committee member demonstrates that he or she has the ability to devote the time and attention that are required to serve on multiple audit committees.
     Additional information with respect to Directors and Executive Officers of the Company is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement under the captions “Nominees and Continuing Directors”, “Board of Directors and Committees”, and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”. The Proxy Statement will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company’s fiscal year.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
     Information on this subject is found in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”, “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation Committee Report” and “Director Compensation” and is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company’s fiscal year.
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS
     Information of this subject is found in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Securities Ownership of Directors, Management and Certain Beneficial Owners”, “Nominees and Continuing Directors”, “Compensation Committee Interlocks & Insider Participation”, and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” and is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed pursuant to Regulations 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company’s fiscal year.
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
     Information on this subject is found in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” and “Director Independence” and incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company’s fiscal year.
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Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
     Information on this subject is found in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Ratification of Appointment of the Independent Auditor” and incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company’s fiscal year.
PART IV
Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) 1. Financial Statements
     The following consolidated statements are included within Item 8 under the following captions:
 	 	 	 	 	
Index	 	Page	
Consolidated Balance Sheets	 	 	80	 	
Consolidated Statements of Income	 	 	81	 	
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	 	 	82	 	
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	 	 	83	 	
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	 	 	84	 	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	 	85-139	
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	 	 	140	 	
Quarterly Data (unaudited)	 	 	141	 	
     2. Schedules, Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated and Subsidiaries
 	 	 	 	 	
Schedule	 	Page	
I Summary of Investments	 	 	147	 	
II Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant	 	 	148	 	
III Supplementary Insurance Information	 	149-150	
IV Reinsurance	 	 	151	 	
V Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	 	 	152	 	
     All other schedules specified in Regulation S-X are omitted for the reason that they are not required, are not applicable, or that equivalent information has been included in the consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, appearing in Item 8.
     3. Exhibits
     See the Index to Exhibits on page 154.
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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED

SCHEDULE I-SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS-OTHER THAN
INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES
December 31, 2010
(in millions)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Amount at Which	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Shown in the Balance	 	
Type of Investment	 	Cost	 	 	Fair Value (3)	 	 	Sheets(1)(3)	 	
Fixed maturity securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Bonds:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States government and government agencies and authorities	 	$	199.1	 	 	$	206.2	 	 	$	206.2	 	
State and political subdivisions	 	 	170.5	 	 	 	164.5	 	 	 	164.5	 	
Foreign governments (2)	 	 	2,910.6	 	 	 	3,576.3	 	 	 	3,576.3	 	
Public utilities (2)	 	 	908.7	 	 	 	967.0	 	 	 	967.0	 	
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities	 	 	3,237.9	 	 	 	3,202.1	 	 	 	3,202.1	 	
All other corporate bonds (2)	 	 	5,918.2	 	 	 	6,188.5	 	 	 	6,188.5	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed maturity securities	 	 	13,345.0	 	 	 	14,304.6	 	 	 	14,304.6	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Equity securities	 	 	34.8	 	 	 	40.7	 	 	 	40.7	 	
Non-redeemable preferred stock	 	 	100.7	 	 	 	99.5	 	 	 	99.5	 	
Mortgage loans on real estate	 	 	885.8	 	 	XXXX	 	 	885.8	 	
Policy loans	 	 	1,228.4	 	 	XXXX	 	 	1,228.4	 	
Funds withheld at interest	 	 	5,422.0	 	 	XXXX	 	 	5,422.0	 	
Short-term investments	 	 	118.4	 	 	XXXX	 	 	118.4	 	
Other invested assets	 	 	567.2	 	 	XXXX	 	 	567.2	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total investments	 	$	21,702.3	 	 	XXXX	 	$	22,666.6	 	

 	 	 	
(1)	 	Fixed maturity securities are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value.	
 	 	 	
(2)	 	The following exchange rates have been used to convert foreign securities to U.S. dollars:	

 	 	Canadian dollar	 	$1.002004/C$1.00	
 	 	Australian dollar	 	$1.023300/A$1.00	
 	 	UK pound sterling	 	$1.561200/£1.00	
 	 	Euro	 	$1.338400/€1.00	
 	 	South African rand	 	$0.150850/1.0 rand	
 	 	Japanese yen	 	$0.012327/1.0 yen	

(3)	 	Fair value represents the closing sales prices of marketable securities. Estimated fair values for private placement securities, included in all other corporate bonds, are based on the credit quality and duration of marketable securities deemed comparable by the Company, which may be of another issuer.	
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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED

SCHEDULE II—CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE REGISTRANT
December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value	 	$	482,188	 	 	$	411,102	 	 	 	 	 	
Short-term and other investments	 	 	64,135	 	 	 	26,334	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	 	31,698	 	 	 	24,913	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment in subsidiaries	 	 	5,882,567	 	 	 	4,532,578	 	 	 	 	 	
Other assets	 	 	450,282	 	 	 	569,848	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total assets	 	$	6,910,870	 	 	$	5,564,775	 	 	 	 	 	

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Short-term and long-term debt1	 	$	1,461,256	 	 	$	1,460,897	 	 	 	 	 	
Other liabilities	 	 	409,047	 	 	 	235,951	 	 	 	 	 	
Stockholders’ equity	 	 	5,040,567	 	 	 	3,867,927	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	 	$	6,910,870	 	 	$	5,564,775	 	 	 	 	 	

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest / dividend income2	 	$	128,448	 	 	$	44,588	 	 	$	136,995	 	
Investment related gains (losses), net	 	 	2,944	 	 	 	(3,417	)	 	 	(2,940	)	
Operating expenses	 	 	(19,442	)	 	 	(17,965	)	 	 	(9,541	)	
Interest expense	 	 	(96,556	)	 	 	(73,673	)	 	 	(76,007	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income before income tax and undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	 	 	15,394	 	 	 	(50,467	)	 	 	48,507	 	
Income tax expense (benefit)	 	 	7,880	 	 	 	(24,228	)	 	 	(14,591	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss) before undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	 	 	7,514	 	 	 	(26,239	)	 	 	63,098	 	
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	 	 	566,888	 	 	 	433,325	 	 	 	113,698	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	$	574,402	 	 	$	407,086	 	 	$	176,796	 	

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	$	574,402	 	 	$	407,086	 	 	$	176,796	 	
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries	 	 	(566,888	)	 	 	(433,325	)	 	 	(113,698	)	
Foreign currency gain on repayment of debt	 	 	—	 	 	 	(4,826	)	 	 	—	 	
Other, net	 	 	12,205	 	 	 	31,975	 	 	 	78,001	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	 	$	19,719	 	 	$	910	 	 	$	141,099	 	

Investing activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Sales of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	 	$	169,910	 	 	$	217,141	 	 	$	119,681	 	
Purchases of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	 	 	(214,025	)	 	 	(454,504	)	 	 	(85,307	)	
Purchases of subsidiary debt securities	 	 	(100,000	)	 	 	(226,550	)	 	 	(50,000	)	
Maturities of subsidiary debt securities	 	 	226,550	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Change in short-term and other investments	 	 	7,688	 	 	 	(7,526	)	 	 	(4,579	)	
Capital contributions to subsidiaries	 	 	(73,950	)	 	 	(91,000	)	 	 	(175,719	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	 	 	16,173	 	 	 	(562,439	)	 	 	(195,924	)	

Financing activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Dividends to stockholders	 	 	(35,170	)	 	 	(26,212	)	 	 	(23,329	)	
Purchases of treasury stock	 	 	(718	)	 	 	(1,607	)	 	 	(3,104	)	
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangement	 	 	(2,255	)	 	 	2,605	 	 	 	3,815	 	
Reissuance of treasury stock	 	 	2,277	 	 	 	6,301	 	 	 	6,601	 	
Net change in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and cash collateral for derivative positions	 	 	6,759	 	 	 	(14,189	)	 	 	(22,664	)	
Principal payments on debt	 	 	—	 	 	 	(22,539	)	 	 	—	 	
Proceeds from long-term debt issuance	 	 	—	 	 	 	396,344	 	 	 	—	 	
Proceeds from offering of common stock, net and warrant conversion	 	 	—	 	 	 	2	 	 	 	331,878	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	 	 	(29,107	)	 	 	340,705	 	 	 	293,197	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	 	 	6,785	 	 	 	(220,824	)	 	 	238,372	 	
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	 	 	24,913	 	 	 	245,737	 	 	 	7,365	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	 	$	31,698	 	 	$	24,913	 	 	$	245,737	 	

 	 	 	
(1)	 	Includes $398,650 of subordinated debt, $897,687 of senior debt and $164,919 of intercompany subordinated debt at December 31, 2010.	
 	 	 	
(2)	 	Includes $80,000 and $100,000 of cash dividends received from consolidated subsidiaries in 2010 and 2008, respectively. No cash dividends from consolidated subsidiaries are included in 2009.	
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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED

SCHEDULE III—SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION
(dollars in thousands)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	As of December 31,	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Future Policy Benefits and	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Deferred Policy	 	 	Interest-Sensitive Contract	 	 	Other Policy Claims and	 	
 	 	Acquisition Costs	 	 	Liabilities	 	 	Benefits Payable	 	
 	 	Assumed	 	 	Ceded	 	 	Assumed	 	 	Ceded	 	 	Assumed	 	 	Ceded	 	
2010	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. operations	 	$	2,500,391	 	 	$	(34,550	)	 	$	12,457,977	 	 	$	(206,375	)	 	$	1,075,515	 	 	$	(104,039	)	
Canada operations	 	 	346,498	 	 	 	(776	)	 	 	2,703,322	 	 	 	(217,174	)	 	 	181,326	 	 	 	(42,924	)	
Europe & South Africa operations	 	 	448,304	 	 	 	(13,348	)	 	 	604,696	 	 	 	(31,366	)	 	 	482,033	 	 	 	(22,120	)	
Asia Pacific operations	 	 	493,417	 	 	 	(13,684	)	 	 	1,270,075	 	 	 	(64,455	)	 	 	842,893	 	 	 	(34,726	)	
Corporate and Other	 	 	191	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	13,200	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	16,174	 	 	 	(508	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	3,788,801	 	 	$	(62,358	)	 	$	17,049,270	 	 	$	(519,370	)	 	$	2,597,941	 	 	$	(204,317	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
2009	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. operations	 	$	2,550,751	 	 	$	(32,606	)	 	$	11,275,706	 	 	$	(163,713	)	 	$	878,347	 	 	$	(48,315	)	
Canada operations	 	 	317,822	 	 	 	(696	)	 	 	2,363,564	 	 	 	(237,007	)	 	 	174,693	 	 	 	(28,030	)	
Europe & South Africa operations	 	 	473,228	 	 	 	(15,040	)	 	 	544,060	 	 	 	(26,928	)	 	 	439,070	 	 	 	(36,603	)	
Asia Pacific operations	 	 	417,128	 	 	 	(12,568	)	 	 	1,020,361	 	 	 	(51,469	)	 	 	714,088	 	 	 	(31,460	)	
Corporate and Other	 	 	953	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	210,791	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	22,885	 	 	 	(509	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	3,759,882	 	 	$	(60,910	)	 	$	15,414,482	 	 	$	(479,117	)	 	$	2,229,083	 	 	$	(144,917	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE III—SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION (continued)
(dollars in thousands)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Year ended December 31,	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Policyholder	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Net Investment	 	 	Benefits and	 	 	Amortization of	 	 	Other Operating	 	
 	 	Premium Income	 	 	Income	 	 	Interest Credited	 	 	DAC	 	 	Expenses	 	
2010	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. operations	 	$	3,797,081	 	 	$	861,284	 	 	$	(3,539,577	)	 	$	(640,539	)	 	$	(242,333	)	
Canada operations	 	 	797,206	 	 	 	165,138	 	 	 	(656,358	)	 	 	(147,591	)	 	 	(49,845	)	
Europe & South Africa operations	 	 	918,513	 	 	 	34,517	 	 	 	(734,392	)	 	 	(42,436	)	 	 	(95,051	)	
Asia Pacific operations	 	 	1,139,065	 	 	 	70,552	 	 	 	(926,383	)	 	 	(120,161	)	 	 	(106,885	)	
Corporate and Other	 	 	7,815	 	 	 	107,169	 	 	 	(427	)	 	 	(830	)	 	 	(95,105	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	6,659,680	 	 	$	1,238,660	 	 	$	(5,857,137	)	 	$	(951,557	)	 	$	(589,219	)	

2009	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. operations	 	$	3,320,723	 	 	$	814,897	 	 	$	(3,168,321	)	 	$	(606,005	)	 	$	(172,490	)	
Canada operations	 	 	614,831	 	 	 	137,750	 	 	 	(501,136	)	 	 	(128,791	)	 	 	(40,973	)	
Europe & South Africa operations	 	 	781,952	 	 	 	32,240	 	 	 	(656,485	)	 	 	(35,631	)	 	 	(82,423	)	
Asia Pacific operations	 	 	998,927	 	 	 	61,335	 	 	 	(817,052	)	 	 	(93,823	)	 	 	(90,667	)	
Corporate and Other	 	 	8,728	 	 	 	76,240	 	 	 	(170	)	 	 	(858	)	 	 	(79,652	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	5,725,161	 	 	$	1,122,462	 	 	$	(5,143,164	)	 	$	(865,108	)	 	$	(466,205	)	

2008	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. operations	 	$	3,099,632	 	 	$	571,611	 	 	$	(2,906,018	)	 	$	(48,897	)	 	$	(127,121	)	
Canada operations	 	 	534,271	 	 	 	140,434	 	 	 	(456,437	)	 	 	(93,162	)	 	 	(40,083	)	
Europe & South Africa operations	 	 	707,768	 	 	 	32,993	 	 	 	(532,292	)	 	 	(64,691	)	 	 	(69,806	)	
Asia Pacific operations	 	 	1,000,814	 	 	 	47,400	 	 	 	(799,376	)	 	 	(99,637	)	 	 	(73,351	)	
Corporate and Other	 	 	6,816	 	 	 	78,838	 	 	 	(988	)	 	 	(826	)	 	 	(88,126	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	5,349,301	 	 	$	871,276	 	 	$	(4,695,111	)	 	$	(307,213	)	 	$	(398,487	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED

SCHEDULE IV—REINSURANCE
(in millions)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	As of or for the Year ended December 31,	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Percentage of	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceded to Other	 	 	Assumed from Other	 	 	 	 	 	 	Amount Assumed	 	
 	 	Gross Amount	 	 	Companies	 	 	Companies	 	 	Net Amounts	 	 	to Net	 	
2010	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Life insurance in force	 	$	74	 	 	$	42,582	 	 	$	2,540,317	 	 	$	2,497,809	 	 	 	101.70	%	
Premiums	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. operations	 	$	2.7	 	 	$	196.6	 	 	$	3,991.0	 	 	$	3,797.1	 	 	 	105.11	%	
Canada operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	280.6	 	 	 	1,077.8	 	 	 	797.2	 	 	 	135.20	 	
Europe & South Africa operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	32.4	 	 	 	950.9	 	 	 	918.5	 	 	 	103.53	 	
Asia Pacific operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	31.6	 	 	 	1,170.7	 	 	 	1,139.1	 	 	 	102.77	 	
Corporate and Other	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	7.8	 	 	 	7.8	 	 	 	100.00	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	2.7	 	 	$	541.2	 	 	$	7,198.2	 	 	$	6,659.7	 	 	 	108.09	%	

2009	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Life insurance in force	 	$	72	 	 	$	46,897	 	 	$	2,325,041	 	 	$	2,278,216	 	 	 	102.06	%	
Premiums	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. operations	 	$	2.3	 	 	$	193.2	 	 	$	3,511.6	 	 	$	3,320.7	 	 	 	105.75	%	
Canada operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	268.0	 	 	 	882.9	 	 	 	614.9	 	 	 	143.58	 	
Europe & South Africa operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	28.9	 	 	 	810.9	 	 	 	782.0	 	 	 	103.70	 	
Asia Pacific operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	28.9	 	 	 	1,027.8	 	 	 	998.9	 	 	 	102.89	 	
Corporate and Other	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	8.7	 	 	 	8.7	 	 	 	100.00	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	2.3	 	 	$	519.0	 	 	$	6,241.9	 	 	$	5,725.2	 	 	 	109.03	%	

2008	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Life insurance in force	 	$	70	 	 	$	46,267	 	 	$	2,108,130	 	 	$	2,061,933	 	 	 	102.24	%	
Premiums	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. operations	 	$	2.2	 	 	$	205.6	 	 	$	3,303.0	 	 	$	3,099.6	 	 	 	106.56	%	
Canada operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	216.9	 	 	 	751.2	 	 	 	534.3	 	 	 	140.60	 	
Europe & South Africa operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	40.1	 	 	 	747.9	 	 	 	707.8	 	 	 	105.67	 	
Asia Pacific operations	 	 	—	 	 	 	27.1	 	 	 	1,027.9	 	 	 	1,000.8	 	 	 	102.71	 	
Corporate and Other	 	 	0.2	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	6.6	 	 	 	6.8	 	 	 	97.06	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	2.4	 	 	$	489.7	 	 	$	5,836.6	 	 	$	5,349.3	 	 	 	109.11	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
151

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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED

SCHEDULE V—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in millions)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Balance at	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Beginning of	 	 	Charges to Costs	 	 	Charged to Other	 	 	 	 	 	 	Balance at End of	 	
Description	 	Period	 	 	and Expenses	 	 	Accounts	 	 	Deductions	 	 	Period	 	
2010	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Allowance on income taxes	 	$	3.4	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	3.1	 	 	$	2.7	 	 	$	3.8	 	
Valuation allowance for mortgage loans	 	 	5.8	 	 	 	7.4	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	7.0	 	 	 	6.2	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
2009	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Allowance on income taxes	 	$	7.9	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	4.5	 	 	$	3.4	 	
Valuation allowance for mortgage loans	 	 	0.5	 	 	 	8.4	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	3.1	 	 	 	5.8	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
2008	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Allowance on income taxes	 	$	7.7	 	 	$	0.2	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	7.9	 	
Valuation allowance for mortgage loans	 	 	—	 	 	 	0.5	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	0.5	 	
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SIGNATURES
     Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 	 	 	 	 	
 	Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated.
 	 	
 	By:  	/s/ A. Greig Woodring  	 	
 	 	A. Greig Woodring 	 	
 	 	President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: February 28, 2011 	 	
 	
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 28, 2011.
 	 	 	 	 	
Signatures	 	 	 	Title	
 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ J. Cliff Eason
  J. Cliff Eason	 	February 28, 2011*
 	 	Chairman of the Board and Director 	
 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ A. Greig Woodring
  A. Greig Woodring	 	February 28, 2011
 	 	President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)	
 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ William J. Bartlett
  William J. Bartlett	 	February 28, 2011*
 	 	Director 	
 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ Arnoud W.A. Boot
  Arnoud W.A. Boot	 	February 28, 2011*
 	 	Director 	
 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ John F. Danahy
  John F. Danahy	 	February 28, 2011*
 	 	Director 	
 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ Stuart I. Greenbaum
  Stuart I. Greenbaum	 	February 28, 2011*
 	 	Director 	
 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ Alan C. Henderson
  Alan C. Henderson	 	February 28, 2011*
 	 	Director 	
 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ Janis Rachel Lomax
  Janis Rachel Lomax	 	February 28, 2011*
 	 	Director 	
 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ Frederick J. Sievert
  Frederick J. Sievert	 	February 28, 2011*
 	 	Director 	
 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ Jack B. Lay
  Jack B. Lay	 	February 28, 2011
 	 	Senior Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer (Principal Financial
and Accounting Officer)	
 	 	 	 	 	
*     By: /s/ Jack B. Lay
                Jack B. Lay	 	February 28, 2011
  Attorney-in-fact	 	 	
153

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Index to Exhibits
 	 	 	
Exhibit	 	 	
Number	 	Description	
2.1	 	Reinsurance Agreement dated as of December 31, 1992 between General American Life Insurance Company (“General American”) and General American Life Reinsurance Company of Canada (“RGA Canada”), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993	
 	 	 	
2.2	 	Retrocession Agreement dated as of July 1, 1990 between General American and The National Reinsurance Company of Canada, as amended between RGA Canada and General American on December 31, 1992, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993	
 	 	 	
2.3	 	Reinsurance Agreement dated as of January 1, 1993 between RGA Reinsurance Company (formerly “Saint Louis Reinsurance Company”) and General American, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993	
 	 	 	
2.4	 	Recapitalization and Distribution Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2008 (the “R&D Agreement”), by and between Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated (“RGA”) and MetLife, Inc. (the schedules of which have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K and will be furnished supplementally to the SEC upon request), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2008	
 	 	 	
3.1	 	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2008	
 	 	 	
3.2	 	Amended and Restated Bylaws, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 2008	
 	 	 	
4.1	 	Form of stock certificate for RGA’s common stock, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to RGA’s registration statement on Form 8-A filed on November 17, 2008	
 	 	 	
4.2	 	Form of Unit Agreement among the Company and the Trust, as Issuers and The Bank of New York, as Agent, Warrant Agent and Property Trustee (which includes the form of Global Unit Certificate as Exhibit A), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-11848) filed on December 18, 2001	
 	 	 	
4.3	 	First Supplement to Unit Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2008, between RGA and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor agent to The Bank of New York, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 12, 2008	
 	 	 	
4.4	 	Form of Warrant Agreement between the Company and the Bank of New York, as Warrant Agent, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-11848), filed on December 18, 2001	
 	 	 	
4.5	 	First Amendment to Warrant Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2008, between RGA and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor warrant agent to The Bank of New York (which includes the form of Warrant Certificate as Exhibit A), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 12, 2008	
 	 	 	
4.6	 	Trust Agreement of RGA Capital Trust I (which includes the form of Preferred Security Certificate as Exhibit A), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (File Nos. 333-55304, 333-55304-01 and 333-55304-02), filed on February 9, 2001, as amended (the “Original S-3”)	
154

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Exhibit	 	 	
Number	 	Description	
4.7	 	Form of Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of RGA Capital Trust I, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-11848), filed on December 18, 2001	
 	 	 	
4.8	 	Form of Preferred Security Certificate for the Trust, included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.11 to this Report	
 	 	 	
4.9	 	Amended and Restated Remarketing Agreement among the Company, RGA Capital Trust I and Barclays Capital Inc., as Remarketing Agent, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed on February 23, 2011	
 	 	 	
4.10	 	Form of Junior Subordinated Indenture, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Original S-3	
 	 	 	
4.11	 	Form of First Supplemental Junior Subordinated Indenture between the Company and The Bank of New York, as Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-11848), filed on December 18, 2001	
 	 	 	
4.12	 	Form of Guarantee Agreement between the Company, as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York, as Guarantee Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B (File No. 1-11848), filed on December 18, 2001	
 	 	 	
4.13	 	Form of Senior Indenture between RGA and The Bank of New York, as Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Original S-3	
 	 	 	
4.14	 	Form of First Supplemental Indenture between RGA and The Bank of New York, as Trustee, relating to the 6 3/4 Senior Notes Due 2011, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to Form 8-K dated December 12, 2001 (File No. 1-11848), filed December 18, 2001	
 	 	 	
4.15	 	Form of Second Supplemental Junior Subordinated Indenture between RGA and The Bank of New York, as Trustee, relating to the 6 3/4 Junior Subordinated Debentures Due 2065, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K dated December 5, 2005 (File No. 1-11848), filed on December 9, 2005	
 	 	 	
4.16	 	Second Supplemental Senior Indenture, dated as of March 9, 2007, by and between RGA and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee to The Bank of New York, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 6, 2007 (File No. 1-11848), filed March 12, 2007	
 	 	 	
4.17	 	Third Supplemental Senior Indenture, dated as of November 3, 2009, by and between RGA and the Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee to The Bank of New York, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 6, 2009 (File No. 1-11848), filed November 9, 2009	
 	 	 	
4.18	 	Second Amended and Restated Section 382 Rights Agreement dated as of November 25, 2008, between RGA and Mellon Investor Services LLC (which includes the form of Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series A-1 Junior Participating Preferred Stock as Exhibit A and the form of Right Certificate as Exhibit B), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 25, 2008	
 	 	 	
10.1	 	Management Agreement dated as of January 1, 1993 between RGA Canada and General American, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993 *	
 	 	 	
10.2	 	Standard Form of General American Automatic Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993	
 	 	 	
10.3	 	Standard Form of General American Facultative Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993	
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Exhibit	 	 	
Number	 	Description	
10.4	 	Standard Form of General American Automatic and Facultative YRT Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993	
 	 	 	
10.5	 	RGA 2008 Management Incentive Plan, effective May 21, 2008, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2008*	
 	 	 	
10.6	 	RGA Reinsurance Company Management Deferred Compensation Plan (ended January 1, 1995), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993 *	
 	 	 	
10.7	 	RGA Reinsurance Company Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (ended January 1, 1995), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993 *	
 	 	 	
10.8	 	RGA Reinsurance Company Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan (ended January 1, 1995), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993 *	
 	 	 	
10.9	 	RGA Reinsurance Company Augmented Benefit Plan (ended January 1, 1995), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-58960), filed on April 14, 1993 *	
 	 	 	
10.10	 	RGA Flexible Stock Plan as amended and restated effective July 1, 1998, incorporated by reference to Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-11848), filed on March 12, 2004, at the corresponding exhibit*	
 	 	 	
10.11	 	Amendment effective as of May 24, 2000 to the RGA Flexible Stock Plan, as amended and restated July 1, 1998, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-11848), filed on March 12, 2004 *	
 	 	 	
10.12	 	Second Amendment effective as of May 28, 2003 to the RGA Flexible Stock Plan, as amended and restated July 1, 1998, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-11848), filed on March 12, 2004 *	
 	 	 	
10.13	 	Third Amendment effective as of May 26, 2004 to the RGA Flexible Stock Plan as amended and restated July 1, 1998, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2004 (File No. 1-11848), filed on August 6, 2004*	
 	 	 	
10.14	 	Fourth Amendment, effective as of May 23, 2007 to the RGA Flexible Stock Plan, as amended and restated July 1, 1998, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2008*	
 	 	 	
10.15	 	Fifth Amendment, effective as of May 21, 2008 to the RGA Flexible Stock Plan, as amended and restated July 1, 1998, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2008*	
 	 	 	
10.16	 	Form of RGA Flexible Stock Plan Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 10, 2004 (File No. 1-11848), filed on September 10, 2004*	
 	 	 	
10.17	 	Form of RGA Flexible Stock Plan Performance Contingent Restricted Stock Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 10, 2004 (File No. 1-11848), filed on September 10, 2004*	
 	 	 	
10.18	 	RGA Flexible Stock Plan for Directors, as amended and restated effective May 28, 2003, incorporated by reference to Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the annual meeting of shareholders on May 28, 2003, filed on April 10, 2003*	
156

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Exhibit	 	 	
Number	 	Description	
10.19	 	RGA Phantom Stock Plan for Directors, as amended effective January 1, 2003, incorporated by reference to Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the annual meeting of shareholders on May 28, 2003, filed on April 10, 2003*	
 	 	 	
10.20	 	Directors’ Compensation Summary Sheet, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 22, 2005 (File No. 1-11848), filed on April 25, 2005*	
 	 	 	
10.21	 	Credit Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2007, by and among RGA and certain of its subsidiaries, the lenders named therein, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, swing line lender and L/C Issuer, Wachovia Bank, National Association, as syndication agent, ABN Amro Bank, N.V., The Bank of New York, The Bank of Tokyo — Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd. New York Branch and KeyBank National Association, as co-documentation agents, and Banc of America Securities LLC and Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, as co-lead arrangers and joint book managers, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 24, 2007 (File No. 1-11848), filed on September 27, 2007	
 	 	 	
10.22	 	First Amendment dated as of December 20, 2007 to Credit Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2007, by and among RGA and certain of its subsidiaries, the lenders named therein, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, swing line lender and L/C Issuer, Wachovia Bank, National Association, as syndication agent, ABN Amro Bank, N.V., The Bank of New York, The Bank of Tokyo — Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd. New York Branch and KeyBank National Association, as co-documentation agents, and Banc of America Securities LLC and Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, as co-lead arrangers and joint book managers, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2007 (File No. 1-11848), filed on February 28, 2008	
 	 	 	
10.23	 	Form of Directors’ Indemnification Agreement*	
 	 	 	
12.1	 	Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges	
 	 	 	
21.1	 	Subsidiaries of RGA	
 	 	 	
23.1	 	Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP	
 	 	 	
24.1	 	Powers of Attorney for Messrs. Bartlett, Boot, Danahy, Eason, Greenbaum, Henderson, Sievert and Ms. Lomax	
 	 	 	
31.1	 	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	 	
31.2	 	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	 	
32.1	 	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	 	
32.2	 	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	 	
101	 	Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2009 and 2010, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2010. In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and shall not be deemed “filed” or part of any registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Section 11 or 12 under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or	
157

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Exhibit	 	 	
Number	 	Description	
 	 	otherwise subject to liability under those sections, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.	
 	 	 	
101.INS	 	XBRL Instance Document	
 	 	 	
101.SCH	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	
 	 	 	
101.CAL	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	
 	 	 	
101.LAB	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	
 	 	 	
101.PRE	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	
 	 	 	
101.DEF	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	

*	 	Represents a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this form pursuant to Item 15 of this Report.	
158

Exhibit 10.23
INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT
     This INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) dated as of February ____, 2011, is made by and between Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated, a Missouri corporation (“RGA”) and  ( ”Indemnitee”).
RECITALS
     A. Indemnitee is a director of RGA and in such capacity is performing a valuable service for RGA.
     B. The Second Restated Articles of Incorporation of RGA requires RGA to indemnify its directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted by law, and indemnification is also authorized by Section 351.355 of The General and Business Corporation Law of Missouri (the “Indemnification Statute”).
     C. The Second Restated Articles of Incorporation of RGA and the Indemnification Statute, under which RGA is organized, expressly provide that the indemnification provisions set forth therein are not exclusive, and contemplate that contracts may be entered into between RGA and its directors and officers with respect to indemnification.
     D. In accordance with the authorization provided by the Second Restated Articles of Incorporation of RGA and the Indemnification Statute, directors and officers liability insurance (“D&O Insurance”) has been purchased covering certain liabilities which may be incurred by RGA’s directors and officers in the performance of their services for RGA, subsidiaries of RGA, and other enterprises.
     E. RGA recognizes that competent and experienced persons are reluctant to serve as directors or officers of corporations unless they are protected by comprehensive liability insurance or indemnification, or both, due to increased exposure to litigation costs and risks resulting from their service to such corporations, and due to the fact that the exposure frequently bears no reasonable relationship to the compensation of such directors and officers.
     F. The statutes and judicial decisions regarding the duties of directors and officers are often difficult to apply, ambiguous, or conflicting, and therefore fail to provide such directors and officers with adequate, reliable knowledge of legal risks to which they are exposed or information regarding the proper course of action take.
     G. RGA and Indemnitee recognize that plaintiffs often seek damages in such large amounts and the costs of litigation may be so enormous (whether or not the case is meritorious), that the defense and/or settlement of such litigation is often beyond the personal resources of directors and officers.
     H. RGA believes that it is unfair for its directors and officers to assume the risk of huge judgments and other expenses which may occur in cases in which the director or officer received no personal profit and in cases where the director or officer was not culpable.
     I. RGA, after reasonable investigation, has determined that policies of D&O Insurance may be inadequate in certain circumstances to cover all possible exposure from which Indemnitee should be protected. RGA believes that the interests of RGA and its stockholders would best be served by a combination of such insurance and the indemnification by RGA of the directors and officers of RGA. To provide such protection and thereby induce Indemnitee to serve or continue to serve as a director and/or officer of RGA, RGA has determined and agreed to enter into this Agreement with Indemnitee.
     J. The Board of Directors has determined that contractual indemnification as set forth herein is not only reasonable and prudent but necessary to promote the best interests of RGA and its shareholders.
     K. RGA desires and has requested Indemnitee to serve or continue to serve as a director and/or officer of RGA free from undue concern for claims for damages arising out of or related to such services.
     L. Indemnitee is willing to serve, or continue to serve, or to provide additional service as a director and/or officer of RGA or for or on behalf of RGA, only on the condition that Indemnitee is furnished the indemnity provided for herein.

 
     NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and Indemnitee’s service as a director and/or officer of RGA after the date hereof, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, RGA and Indemnitee, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:
     1. Definitions
     In this Agreement the following terms have the following meanings:
     (a) The term “another enterprise” shall mean any corporation (other than RGA), partnership, joint venture, trust, limited liability company, employee benefit plan or other legal entity or enterprise.
     (b) The term “defense” when used with respect to any proceeding shall include investigations of any proceeding as well as appeals in any proceeding and shall also include defense by way of cross claim or counterclaim.
     (c) The term “expenses” means all direct and indirect costs (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcripts, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, appeal bonds, and all other disbursements or out-of-pocket expenses) actually and reasonably incurred in connection with (i) any proceeding or (ii) establishing or enforcing any right to indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Agreement, applicable law, any other agreement or provision of RGA’s Articles of Incorporation or By-laws now or hereafter in effect or otherwise; provided, however, that “expenses” shall not include any judgment, fines or amount paid in settlement. The term “expenses” shall include reasonable compensation for time spent by Indemnitee for which Indemnitee is not otherwise compensated by RGA or any other source, provided that the rate of compensation and estimated time involved is approved by RGA’s Board of Directors.
     (d) The term “judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement” shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, all direct and indirect payments of any type or nature whatsoever, as well as any penalties or excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan.
     (e) The term “proceeding” shall mean, without limitation, the investigation, preparation, prosecution, defense, settlement, arbitration and appeal of, or the giving of testimony in, any threatened, pending or completed claim, action, suit or proceeding (including those by or in the right of RGA or a subsidiary of RGA) whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative or otherwise and whether formal or informal.
     (f) The term “serving at the request of RGA” shall include, without limitation, any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of RGA or a subsidiary of RGA which imposes duties on, or involves services by, Indemnitee with respect to any employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries.
     (g) “RGA” shall include, without limitation and in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Agreement with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or she would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.
     (h) A “director or officer of RGA” shall include a director or officer of a subsidiary of RGA, a “director and/or officer of RGA” shall include a director and/or officer of a subsidiary of RGA”, and “RGA’s directors and officers” shall include directors and officers of RGA’s subsidiaries.
     2. Indemnification — General
     RGA shall indemnify and hold harmless Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted or authorized by applicable law. The term “applicable law” means (i) the Indemnification Statute as in effect on the date hereof and as thereafter amended (but in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent such amendment permits RGA to provide broader indemnification rights than the Indemnification Statute permitted RGA to provide immediately prior to such amendment) and (ii) any other statutory indemnification provisions adopted after the date hereof.

 
     3. Additional Indemnification
     Notwithstanding any limitation on indemnity pursuant to Section 2, RGA shall indemnify Indemnitee and hold Indemnitee harmless from and against any and all expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any proceeding to which Indemnitee is, was or at any time becomes a party, or is threatened to be made a party by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was at any time a director, officer, employee or agent of RGA, or is or was serving or at any time serves at the request of RGA as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise. To the extent that Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any proceeding, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, Indemnitee shall be indemnified against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the proceeding in question.
     4. Partial Indemnification
     If Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Agreement to indemnification by RGA for some or a portion of any expenses or liabilities of any type whatsoever (including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement), but is not entitled, however, to indemnification for the total amount thereof, RGA shall nevertheless indemnify the Indemnitee for the portion thereof to which the Indemnitee is so entitled.
     5. Insurance
     RGA may, but is not obligated to, obtain D&O Insurance as may be or become available in reasonable amounts from established and reputable insurers with respect to which Indemnitee is named as an insured. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Agreement, the Company shall not be obligated to indemnify Indemnitee for expenses or liabilities of any type which have been paid directly to or on behalf of Indemnitee by D&O Insurance. If RGA has D&O Insurance in effect at the time RGA receives from Indemnitee any notice of the commencement of a proceeding, RGA shall give prompt notice of the commencement of such proceeding to the insurer(s) in accordance with the procedures set forth in the applicable policy or policies. RGA shall thereafter take all necessary or desirable action to cause such insurer(s) to pay, to or on behalf of the Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policy or policies.
     6. Limitations on Certain Indemnification
     Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement to the contrary, RGA shall not indemnify or hold Indemnitee harmless:
     (a) for amounts indemnified by RGA other than pursuant to this Agreement and amounts paid pursuant to policies of D&O Insurance;
     (b) in respect to remuneration paid to Indemnitee if it shall be determined by a final judgment or other final adjudication that such remuneration was in violation of law;
     (c) if a final judgment is rendered against Indemnitee for an accounting of profits made from the purchase or sale by Indemnitee of securities of RGA pursuant to Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and amendments thereto or similar provisions of any federal, state or local law;
     (d) from or on account of Indemnitee’s conduct which is finally adjudged by a court having jurisdiction in the matter to have been knowingly fraudulent, deliberately dishonest or to have constituted willful misconduct;
     (e) if a final adjudication by a court having jurisdiction in the matter shall determine that such indemnification is not lawful;
     (f) in respect to proceedings or claims initiated or brought voluntarily by Indemnitee and not by way of defense, except in respect to proceedings brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification under this Agreement, or any other statute or law or otherwise as required under the Indemnification Statute, if Indemnitee is successful in whole or in part, but such indemnification or advancement of expenses may be provided by RGA in specific cases if the Board of Directors finds it to be appropriate; or

 
     (g) in connection with proceedings or claims involving the enforcement of non-compete and/or non-disclosure agreements or the non-compete and/or non-disclosure provisions of employment, consulting or similar agreements that Indemnitee may be a party to with RGA, any subsidiary of RGA or any other applicable foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, if any.
     7. Notification and Defense of Claim
     After receipt by Indemnitee of notice of the commencement of, or the threat of the commencement of, any proceeding, Indemnitee shall promptly notify RGA if Indemnitee believes that indemnification with respect thereto may be sought from RGA under this Agreement; provided, however, that the failure of Indemnitee to provide such notification shall not diminish Indemnitee’s indemnification hereunder, except to the extent that RGA can demonstrate that it was actually prejudiced as a result thereof. With respect to any such proceeding as to which Indemnitee notifies RGA of the commencement thereof or the threat of the commencement thereof:
     (a) RGA will be entitled to participate therein at its own expense.
     (b) Except as otherwise provided in the next paragraph, RGA, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, will be entitled to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to Indemnitee. After notice from RGA to Indemnitee of RGA’s election to assume the defense thereof, RGA will not be liable to Indemnitee under this Agreement for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by Indemnitee in the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation or as noted in the next paragraph of this subsection (b).
     Indemnitee may employ Indemnitee’s own counsel in such proceeding but the fees and expenses of such counsel incurred after notice from RGA of its assumption of the defense thereof shall be at the expense of Indemnitee unless (i) the employment of counsel by Indemnitee has been authorized by RGA, (ii) RGA shall have reasonably concluded that there may be a conflict of interest between RGA and Indemnitee in the conduct of the defense of such proceeding, or (iii) RGA shall not in fact have employed counsel to assume the defense of such proceeding, in each of which cases the reasonable fees and expenses of Indemnitee’s counsel shall be at the expense of RGA.
     (c) RGA shall not be liable to indemnify Indemnitee under this Agreement for any amounts paid in settlement of any proceeding effected without RGA’s written consent. RGA shall not settle any proceeding in any manner which would impose any penalty or limitation on Indemnitee without Indemnitee’s written consent. Neither RGA nor Indemnitee will unreasonably withhold their consent to any proposed settlement.
     8. Advancement of Expenses
     Except as otherwise provided herein, RGA shall advance any expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the investigation, defense, settlement and/or appeal of any proceeding to which Indemnitee is a party or is threatened to be made a party by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of RGA or a subsidiary of RGA, or is or was serving at the request or on behalf of RGA or a subsidiary of RGA as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or another enterprise, provided RGA receives an undertaking from the Indemnitee agreeing to repay such amounts advanced in the event it is ultimately determined that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by RGA therefor. The advances to be made hereunder shall be paid by RGA to or on behalf of the Indemnitee promptly and in any event within thirty (30) days following delivery of a written request therefor by Indemnitee to RGA and a copy of the invoices requested to be paid.
     9. Enforcement
     (a) In the event that Indemnitee is required to bring any action to enforce any rights or to collect any money due under this Agreement, RGA shall advance Indemnitee’s expenses; provided, however, that if Indemnitee is not successful in such action, in whole or in part, Indemnitee shall reimburse RGA for all of Indemnitee’s expenses so advanced.
     (b) Contribution. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for herein is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unavailable to Indemnitee in whole or in part, it is agreed that, in such event, RGA shall to the fullest extent permitted by Missouri law, contribute to the payment of the Indemnitee’s expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any proceeding in an amount that is just and equitable in the circumstances, taking into account, among other things, contributions by other directors and

 
officers of RGA or others pursuant to indemnification agreements or otherwise; provided that, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, such contribution shall not be required where such holding by the court is due to Indemnitee having intentionally caused or intentionally contributed to the injury complained of with the knowledge that such injury would occur.
     (c) RGA shall indemnify Indemnitee against all expenses actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any hearing or proceeding under this Section 9, if Indemnitee is successful in whole or in part.
     10. Continuation of Indemnity
     All agreements and obligations of RGA contained herein shall continue during the period Indemnitee is a director or officer of RGA (or is or was serving at the request or on behalf of RGA or a subsidiary of RGA as a director, officer, employee or agent of another enterprise) and shall continue thereafter so long as Indemnitee shall be subject to any possible proceeding by reason of the fact that Indemnitee was a director or officer of RGA or serving in any other capacity referred to herein.
     11. Other Rights and Remedies
     The indemnification and other rights provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may be entitled under any provision of law, RGA’s Second Restated Articles of Incorporation, RGA’s Bylaws, other agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in Indemnitee’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while occupying any of the positions or having any of the relationships referred to in this Agreement, and shall continue after Indemnitee has ceased to occupy such position or have such relationship.
     12. Subrogation
     In the event of payment under this Agreement, RGA shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and shall do everything that may reasonably be necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents necessary to enable RGA effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights. RGA shall pay or reimburse all reasonable expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such subrogation.
     13. Severability
     If any provision of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable (i) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall not be in any way affected or impaired thereby, and (ii) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.
     14. Modification and Waiver
     No supplement or amendment of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by both of the parties. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by the person making the waiver nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.
     15. Notices
     All notices, requests, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if (i) delivered by hand and receipted for by the party to whom said notice or other communication shall have been directed or if (ii) mailed by certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, on the third business day after the date on which it is so mailed:
     (a) If to Indemnitee, to:
     ____________________________
     ____________________________
     ____________________________

 
     or to such other address as may be furnished in writing to RGA by Indemnitee;
     (b) If to RGA, to:
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
1370 Timberlake Manor Parkway
Chesterfield, Missouri 63017-6039
Attn: General Counsel
     or to such other address as may have been furnished in writing to Indemnitee by RGA.
     16. Governing Law
     This Agreement shall in all respects be construed in accordance with and governed by the substantive laws of the State of Missouri, without reference to its choice of law rules.
     17. Other Rights and Remedies
     The rights of Indemnitee hereunder shall be in addition to any other rights Indemnitee may have under RGA’s Articles of Incorporation, Bylaws or the Indemnification Statute or otherwise, and nothing herein shall be deemed to diminish or otherwise restrict Indemnitee’s right to indemnification under any such other provision. To the extent applicable law or the Articles of Incorporation or the Bylaws of RGA, as in effect on the date hereof or at any time in the future, permit greater indemnification than as provided for in this Agreement, the parties hereto agree that Indemnitee shall enjoy by this Agreement the greater benefits so afforded by such law or provision of the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws and this Agreement shall be deemed amended without any further action by RGA or Indemnitee to grant such greater benefits.
     18. Heirs, Successors and Assigns
     This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable against and by the parties hereto and their respective successors, assigns (including any direct or indirect successor by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise to all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of RGA), spouses, heirs and personal and legal representatives. RGA shall require and cause any successor (whether direct or indirect by purchase, merger, consolidation, or otherwise) to all, substantially all, or a substantial part, of the business and/or assets of RGA, by written agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Indemnitee, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that RGA would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place. This Agreement shall continue in effect regardless of whether Indemnitee continues to serve as a director, officer, employee or agent of RGA or of another enterprise at the request of RGA. This Agreement shall not be deemed to create any obligation on the part of Indemnitee to continue to serve in any such capacity. No assignment or succession (whether direct or indirect by purchase, merger, consolidation, or otherwise) shall relieve RGA of its obligations hereunder.
     19. Agreement to Serve
     Indemnitee agrees to serve and/or continue to serve as an director and/or officer of RGA, at its will (or under separate agreement, if such agreement now or hereafter exists), so long as he or she is duly appointed or elected and qualified in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of RGA, any subsidiary of RGA, or any applicable other foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or until such time as he or she tenders his or her resignation in writing, provided, however, that nothing contained in this Agreement is intended to create any right to continued employment by Indemnitee in any capacity.
     20. Miscellaneous
     (a) The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or affect the construction thereof.
     (b) RGA expressly confirms and agrees that is has entered into this Agreement and assumed the obligations imposed on RGA hereby in order to induce Indemnitee to become or to continue as a director and/or officer of RGA and acknowledges that Indemnitee is relying upon this Agreement in continuing in such capacity or capacities.

 
     (c) In the event of any ambiguity, vagueness or other matter involving the interpretation or meaning of this Agreement, this Agreement shall be liberally construed so as to provide to Indemnitee the full benefits set out herein.
     (d) This Agreement supercedes any prior indemnification agreement between Indemnitee and RGA or its predecessors or subsidiaries.
[REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK; SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS.]

 
This INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT is entered into on the day and year first above written.
 	 	 	 	 	
 	REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
 	
 	By  	 	 	
 	 	Name:  	 	 	
 	 	Title:  	 	 	

 	INDEMNITEE
 	 	
 	By  	 	 	
 	 	Name:  	 	 	

 

Exhibit 12.1
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
(dollars in millions)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	 	2008	 	 	2007	 	 	2006	 	
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	 	$	863.8	 	 	$	592.3	 	 	$	280.4	 	 	$	474.9	 	 	$	451.4	 	
Minority interest in earnings (losses) of consolidated subsidiaries included in income from continuing operations before income taxes	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Fixed charges:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expensed and capitalized	 	 	98.9	 	 	 	78.2	 	 	 	104.9	 	 	 	128.9	 	 	 	88.5	 	
Interest credited on reinsurance contracts	 	 	310.0	 	 	 	323.7	 	 	 	233.2	 	 	 	246.1	 	 	 	244.8	 	
One-third of rentals	 	 	5.7	 	 	 	4.7	 	 	 	4.1	 	 	 	3.6	 	 	 	2.4	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed charges	 	$	414.6	 	 	$	406.6	 	 	$	342.2	 	 	$	378.6	 	 	$	335.7	 	
Less interest capitalized, net of amortization	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and minority interest plus fixed charges	 	$	1,278.4	 	 	$	998.9	 	 	$	622.6	 	 	$	853.5	 	 	$	787.1	 	

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges	 	 	3.1	 	 	 	2.5	 	 	 	1.8	 	 	 	2.3	 	 	 	2.3	 	

Total fixed charges	 	$	414.6	 	 	$	406.6	 	 	$	342.2	 	 	$	378.6	 	 	$	335.7	 	
Less interest credited on reinsurance contracts	 	 	(310.0	)	 	 	(323.7	)	 	 	(233.2	)	 	 	(246.1	)	 	 	(244.8	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total fixed charges excluding interest credited (1)	 	$	104.6	 	 	$	82.9	 	 	$	109.0	 	 	$	132.5	 	 	$	90.9	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and minority interest plus fixed charges excluding interest credited under reinsurance contracts (1)	 	$	968.4	 	 	$	675.2	 	 	$	389.4	 	 	$	607.4	 	 	$	542.3	 	

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges excluding interest credited under reinsurance contracts (1)	 	 	9.3	 	 	 	8.1	 	 	 	3.6	 	 	 	4.6	 	 	 	6.0	 	

 	 	 	
(1)	 	This information is not required, but the Company believes it provides additional useful information on the coverage of fixed charges that are not related to its products.	

Exhibit 21.1
SUBSIDIARIES OF
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
RGA International Corporation (Nova Scotia ULC)
RGA Life Reinsurance Company of Canada, Federal corporation
RGA Australian Holdings Pty, Limited, Australian corporation
RGA Reinsurance Company of Australia Limited, Australian corporation
RGA Holdings Limited, United Kingdom corporation
RGA UK Services Limited (formerly RGA Managing Agency Limited, United Kingdom corporation)
RGA Capital Limited, United Kingdom corporation
RGA Reinsurance (UK) Limited, United Kingdom corporation
RGA Services India Private Limited, Indian corporation
Reinsurance Company of Missouri, Incorporated, Missouri corporation
RGA Reinsurance Company, Missouri corporation
Parkway Reinsurance Company, Missouri corporation
Timberlake Financial, L.L.C., Delaware corporation
Timberlake Reinsurance Company II, South Carolina corporation
RGA Reinsurance Company (Barbados) Ltd., Barbados corporation
RGA Financial Group, L.L.C. — 55% owned by RGA Reinsurance Company (Barbados) Ltd. and 45%
owned by RGA Reinsurance Company
RGA Americas Reinsurance Company, Ltd., Barbados corporation
RGA Atlantic Reinsurance Company, Ltd., Barbados corporation
RGA Worldwide Reinsurance Company, Ltd., Barbados corporation
RGA Global Reinsurance Company, Ltd., Bermuda corporation
RGA South African Holdings (Pty) Limited, South African corporation
RGA Reinsurance Company of South Africa, Limited, South African corporation
RGA International Reinsurance Company, Ireland corporation
RGA Capital Trust I, Delaware statutory business trust
RGA Technology Partners, Inc., Missouri corporation
RGA International Services Pty, Ltd., Australian corporation
RGA International Division Sydney Office Pty. Ltd, Australian corporation
Manor Reinsurance, Ltd., Barbados corporation

Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 333-172296 and 333-156052 on Form S-3 and Registration Statement No. 333-155685 on form S-8 of our reports dated February 28, 2011, relating to the financial statements and financial statement schedules of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to a change in the accounting for other-than-temporary impairments, as required by accounting guidance adopted on April 1, 2009) and the effectiveness of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated’s internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated for the year ended December 31, 2010.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
St. Louis, Missouri
February 28, 2011

Exhibit 24.1
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, the undersigned, as a director of Reinsurance Company of America, Incorporated hereby constitute Jack B. Lay and William L. Hutton, and each of them singly, with full power to sign for me, in my name and in the capacity checked below, the annual report of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated for fiscal year 2010 on Form 10-K and any and all amendments to this report with the Securities and Exchange Commission and I hereby ratify and confirm my signature as it may be signed by the above-mentioned people to said Form 10-K and to any and all amendments thereto.
Witness my hand on the date set forth below.
Signature
 	 	 	
/s/ J. Cliff Eason	 	Director	

J. Cliff Eason	 	 	
 	 	 	
Name (Typed or printed)	 	 	
Date February 28, 2011

 
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, the undersigned, as a director of Reinsurance Company of America, Incorporated hereby constitute Jack B. Lay and William L. Hutton, and each of them singly, with full power to sign for me, in my name and in the capacity checked below, the annual report of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated for fiscal year 2010 on Form 10-K and any and all amendments to this report with the Securities and Exchange Commission and I hereby ratify and confirm my signature as it may be signed by the above-mentioned people to said Form 10-K and to any and all amendments thereto.
Witness my hand on the date set forth below.
Signature
 	 	 	
/s/ William J. Bartlett	 	Director	

William J. Bartlett	 	 	
 	 	 	
Name (Typed or printed)	 	 	
Date February 28, 2011

 
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, the undersigned, as a director of Reinsurance Company of America, Incorporated hereby constitute Jack B. Lay and William L. Hutton, and each of them singly, with full power to sign for me, in my name and in the capacity checked below, the annual report of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated for fiscal year 2010 on Form 10-K and any and all amendments to this report with the Securities and Exchange Commission and I hereby ratify and confirm my signature as it may be signed by the above-mentioned people to said Form 10-K and to any and all amendments thereto.
Witness my hand on the date set forth below.
Signature
 	 	 	
/s/ Arnoud W.A. Boot	 	Director	

Arnoud W.A. Boot	 	 	
 	 	 	
Name (Typed or printed)	 	 	
Date February 28, 2011

 
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, the undersigned, as a director of Reinsurance Company of America, Incorporated hereby constitute Jack B. Lay and William L. Hutton, and each of them singly, with full power to sign for me, in my name and in the capacity checked below, the annual report of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated for fiscal year 2010 on Form 10-K and any and all amendments to this report with the Securities and Exchange Commission and I hereby ratify and confirm my signature as it may be signed by the above-mentioned people to said Form 10-K and to any and all amendments thereto.
Witness my hand on the date set forth below.
Signature
 	 	 	
/s/ John F. Danahy	 	Director	

John F. Danahy	 	 	
 	 	 	
Name (Typed or printed)	 	 	
Date February 28, 2011

 
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, the undersigned, as a director of Reinsurance Company of America, Incorporated hereby constitute Jack B. Lay and William L. Hutton, and each of them singly, with full power to sign for me, in my name and in the capacity checked below, the annual report of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated for fiscal year 2010 on Form 10-K and any and all amendments to this report with the Securities and Exchange Commission and I hereby ratify and confirm my signature as it may be signed by the above-mentioned people to said Form 10-K and to any and all amendments thereto.
Witness my hand on the date set forth below.
Signature
 	 	 	
/s/ Stuart I. Greenbaum	 	Director	

Stuart I. Greenbaum	 	 	
 	 	 	
Name (Typed or printed)	 	 	
Date February 28, 2011

 
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, the undersigned, as a director of Reinsurance Company of America, Incorporated hereby constitute Jack B. Lay and William L. Hutton, and each of them singly, with full power to sign for me, in my name and in the capacity checked below, the annual report of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated for fiscal year 2010 on Form 10-K and any and all amendments to this report with the Securities and Exchange Commission and I hereby ratify and confirm my signature as it may be signed by the above-mentioned people to said Form 10-K and to any and all amendments thereto.
Witness my hand on the date set forth below.
Signature
 	 	 	
/s/ Alan C. Henderson	 	Director	

Alan C. Henderson	 	 	
 	 	 	
Name (Typed or printed)	 	 	
Date February 28, 2011

 
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, the undersigned, as a director of Reinsurance Company of America, Incorporated hereby constitute Jack B. Lay and William L. Hutton, and each of them singly, with full power to sign for me, in my name and in the capacity checked below, the annual report of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated for fiscal year 2010 on Form 10-K and any and all amendments to this report with the Securities and Exchange Commission and I hereby ratify and confirm my signature as it may be signed by the above-mentioned people to said Form 10-K and to any and all amendments thereto.
Witness my hand on the date set forth below.
Signature
 	 	 	
/s/ Janis Rachel Lomax	 	Director	

Janis Rachel Lomax	 	 	
 	 	 	
Name (Typed or printed)	 	 	
Date February 28, 2011

 
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, the undersigned, as a director of Reinsurance Company of America, Incorporated hereby constitute Jack B. Lay and William L. Hutton, and each of them singly, with full power to sign for me, in my name and in the capacity checked below, the annual report of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated for fiscal year 2010 on Form 10-K and any and all amendments to this report with the Securities and Exchange Commission and I hereby ratify and confirm my signature as it may be signed by the above-mentioned people to said Form 10-K and to any and all amendments thereto.
Witness my hand on the date set forth below.
Signature
 	 	 	
/s/ Frederick J. Sievert	 	Director	

Frederick J. Sievert	 	 	
 	 	 	
Name (Typed or printed)	 	 	
Date February 28, 2011

Exhibit 31.1
I, A. Greig Woodring, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 28, 2011 	/s/ A. Greig Woodring  	 	
 	A. Greig Woodring 	 	
 	President & Chief Executive Officer 	 	

Exhibit 31.2
I, Jack B. Lay, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 28, 2011 	/s/ Jack B. Lay  	 	
 	Jack B. Lay 	 	
 	Senior Executive Vice President
& Chief Financial Officer 	 	

Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated and subsidiaries, (the “Company”), for the year ended December 31, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), A. Greig Woodring, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certifies, to his best knowledge and belief, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
     1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
     2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: February 28, 2011  	/s/ A. Greig Woodring  	 	
 	A. Greig Woodring 	 	
 	President & Chief Executive Officer 	 	

Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated and subsidiaries, (the “Company”), for the year ended December 31, 2010, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Jack B. Lay, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certifies, to his best knowledge and belief, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
     1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
     2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: February 28, 2011 	/s/ Jack B. Lay  	 	
 	Jack B. Lay 	 	
 	Senior Executive Vice President &
Chief Financial Officer